Hemibalismo invalidante transitorio como debut de diabetes mellitus / Transient hemiballism as the presenting symptom of diabetes mellitus: report of one case

Hemiballism is an uncommon neurological disorder characterized by uncontrollable movements of one lateral half of the body. We report a 56 years old male with a history of three weeks of polydipsia, polyuria and weight loss that, three days before consultation, started with hemiballism. A CAT scan without contrast showed a higher density in the lenticular nucleus and calcifications in caudate and lenticular nuclei. Diabetes was treated with regular insulin and hemiballism was controlled with neruoleptics. Ten days after admission a new CAT scan shows a partial regression of the lenticular lesion. After two months of follow up, the patient is asymptomatic.

Pain in Parkinson's disease / Dor na doença de Parkinson

Pain may precede the diagnosis in Parkinson's disease (PD). The goal of this study was to assess the pain in a group of 20 females and 30 males with PD, after excluding co-morbidities as causes. It was used the following tools: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, McGill questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory. In 27 patients (54 percent), the pain was associated with PD, occurring in 22 (44 percent) in the off period and 5 (10 percent) in both on and off periods. The off period resulted in an increased frequency of pain, which was related to stiffness. There was no association between pain and tremor in off period, neither between pain and Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage, nor the Schwab and England scale. It was not observed an association between pain and depression, neither between pain and dyskinesia. It was noticed the improvement in pain in 16 patients with levodopa (59.26 percent).

Dor pode preceder o diagnóstico na doença de Parkinson (DP). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a dor num grupo de 20 mulheres e 30 homens com DP. Após a exclusão das co-morbidades como causa. Foi usado o seguinte: Unified Parkinson`s Disease Rating Scale, o questionário de dor McGill e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Em 27 pacientes (54 por cento), a dor associou-se com a DP, ocorrendo em 22 (44 por cento) no período off e em 5 (10 por cento) nos períodos on e off. O período off resultou num aumento da freqüência da dor, o qual se relacionou com a rigidez. Não houve associação entre dor e tremor no período off, estágio Hoehn e Yahr modificado, nem a escala de Schwab e England. Não foi observado associação entre dor e depressão, nem entre dor e discinesia. Foi observada a melhora da dor em 16 pacientes com levodopa (59.26 por cento).

Hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum: case report

Hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC) is a rare disease that has been recently described. It must be remembered as a possible etiology of leukoencephalopathies in children. We describe a typical case of H-ABC in a 11-month-old boy. He presents with global development delay, oral dyskinesia, and global dystonia and spasticity. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed typical features of H-ABC and clinical laboratory tests were all negative. A slow neurological deterioration has been detected with worsening of involuntary movements.

A hipomielinização com atrofia dos núcleos da base e do cerebelo (H-ABC) é uma rara afecção que deve ser lembrada como possível diagnóstico das leucoencefalopatias de difícil definição etiológica. Descrevemos um típico caso de H-ABC em um menino de 11 meses, sem antecedentes de risco para lesão cerebral, que evoluiu com atraso psicomotor acompanhado de discinesia perioral, distonia e espasticidade generalizadas. A ressonância magnética do encéfalo sugere fortemente o diagnóstico de H-ABC e os exames complementares para pesquisar possíveis diagnósticos diferenciais são negativos. O curso clínico tem sido lentamente progressivo com ausência de ganhos motores e piora dos movimentos involuntários.

Diabetic nonketotic hyperosmolar state: interesting imaging observations in 2 patients with involuntary movements and seizures.

We report two patients of diabetic nonketotic hyperosmolar state presenting acutely with "self-limiting hemichorea - hemiballismus" and "generalized convulsive status epilepticus". CT scan in both the patients revealed a hyperdense nonenhancing basal ganglia. Magnetic resonance imaging brain of patient 1 showed it to be hyperintense on T1W image and iso-hyper intense on T2W image, minimally enhancing with contrast injection.

Hemichorea resulting from single enhancing computed tomography lesion.

A single small enhancing computerized tomographic lesion is a common finding in Indian patients with seizures, particularly focal seizures. A small single enhancing computed tomography lesion also presents with varied non-epileptic manifestations viz. focal neurological deficits, episodic vascular headache, syndrome of increased intracranial pressure, etc. Here we present a case of hemichorea resulting from single enhancing CT lesion. A 12-year-old female presented with acute onset abnormal movements involving right side of body. A clinical diagnosis of right hemichorea was made and patient was subjected to neuroimaging along with other investigations. CT scan showed a single ring-enhancing lesion with perifocal edema in left thalamic area suggestive of neurocysticercosis. Patient was treated with albendazole, steroids and haloperidol therapy. Patient showed marked improvement at follow-up after one month. Repeat CT scan revealed resolution of lesion. This case has been reported because hemichorea in young female is usually caused by post-streptococcal infection and it is quite rare presentation of small ring enhancing lesion.

lnfantile dyskinesia and vitamin B12 deficiency

We report an 11-months old female infant, failure to thrive, developmentally delayed, who presented to Prince Ali hospital in the south of Jordan with chorea involving right side of the face, and right upper limb, found to have megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency

The alien hand syndrome: report of a case and review of the literature.

The term "alien hand syndrome (AHS)" comprises many clinical signs of which the common features are the involuntary motor movement of the affected limb and the denial of limb ownership. It can result from several diseases involving corpus callosum or medial frontal cortex. Two major types of AHS were previously classified, callosal and frontal types. Moreover posterior subtype of which the lesions do not involve corpus callosum have been reported. In the present report, the authors describe a 57-year-old man with AHS, aggressive behavior and hemispatial neglect which are the rare manifestations of callosal damage. Neuroimaging demonstrated subacute infarction of entire corpus callosum from the rostrum to splenium. A review of the literature on these abnormalities is included in the present paper.

Mouvements anormaux de l'enfant : aspects epidemio-cliniques et etiologiques

Nous avons rapporte les resultats d'une etude de 30 cas des mouvements anormaux de l'enfant dans le service de pediatrie du CHU de Gabriel Toure de Bamako sur une periode de 11 mois.La tranche d'age la plus touchee etait de 1 a 5 ans ; les garcons etaient le plus atteint avec un sex-ratio de 1;72. Les cas de dystonie et les chorees etaient le plus representes et reconnaissaient comme etiologies les infections. Les tics etaient le moins representes. La forme generalise et permanente des mouvements anormaux etaient le plus souvent rencontree dans notre echantillon. Le traitement traditionnel avait une place importante dans la therapeutique des sujets de notre etude. Dans notre etude nous avons recu un cas qui a accuse un traitement traditionnel comme facteur declanchant les mouvements anormaux

Hemiballismus and hemichorea following general anesthesia: report of a rare case

Hemiballism is an uncommon movement disorder occuring most commonly in elderly subjects with a history of hypertension or diabetes, or both. We present a 43 year old diabetic woman who developed hemiballism following lumbar disc surgery under general anesthesia. Because of the rarity of this complication following general anesthesia, the case is being presented to emphasize the issue

Flumazenil-induced Ballism

Flumazenil, an imidazobenzodiazepine, is the first benzodiazepine antagonist and is being used to reverse the adverse pharmacological effects of benzodiazepine. There have been a few reports on the central nevous system side effects with its use. We report a patient with generalized ballism following administration of flumazenil. The mechanism through which flumazenil induced this symptom is unknown. It is conceivable that flumazenil may antagonize the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex and induce dopamine hypersensitivity, thus induce dyskinesic symptoms.

Hemibalismo: relato de oito casos / Hemiballism: report of eight cases

Relatamos oito casos de hemibalismo: seis em pacientes com diabetes mellitus; um em paciente com encefalomalácia pós trauma crânio-encefálico; e um em paciente com granuloma fúngico (criptococo) subtalâmico associado a SIDA. Entre os pacientes com diabetes mellitus, três apresentavam hiperglicemia nao cetótica, dois dos quais com hemorragias nos gânglios da base, e três acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico. Em 75 por cento dos casos ocorria também hemicoréia, com acometimento predominante do dimídio direito. Do total de pacientes seis apresentaram boa resposta clínica ao tratamento farmacológico com neurolépticos. Dois pacientes foram submetidos a talamotomia estereotáxica, um dos quais apresentou remissao completa do hemibalismo. Em nossa série de oito pacientes com hemibalismo houve predominância da associaçao com diabetes mellitus e acidente vascular encefálico, e boa evoluçao clínica

Doença de Alzheimer: manifestaçöes neurológicas / Alzheimer's disease: neurologic manifestations

Os sinais neurológicos na doença de Alzheimer (DA) nä têm sido considerados com o mesmo interesse que as manifestaçöes cognitivas, os de comportamento e psicológicas e os funcionais. A presente revisäo contempla as principais manifestaçöes neurológicas passíveis de ocorrer no curso da DA, divididas em quatro tópicos: sinais extrapiramidas e discinesias (parkinsonismo, discinesia oromandibular, mioclonia), sinais piramidais, paralisia pseudobulbar), disfunçäo integradativa (distúrbios de postura, transtornos de marcha, sinais cerebelares, paraplegia em flexäo de origem cerebral) crises convulsivas. Baseados em ampla revisäo bibliográfica, säo apresentados dados numéricos representativos da pervalência dos sinais neurológicos mais importantes de manifestaçäo no curso da doença e comparados com sua presença em condiçöes normais. Säo ainda feitas consideraçöes de correlaçäo dos sinais neurológicos a diversas características evolutivas e da sua importância em relaçäo ao prognóstico da doença