Running performance of non-professional female runners from different Brazilian states: the role of environmental characteristics

Abstract Aims: (i) to compare the running performance of non-professional female runners from different Brazilian states; (ii) to estimate the relationship between environmental state-related variables and running performance; and (iii) to analyze the mediation role of training commitment in the relationship between the environment and running performance. Methods: A total of 418 non-professional female runners were sampled from the five Brazilian regions. An online questionnaire was used for data collection and included self-reported information about age, body weight, body height, place of residence, training volume, and running pace. Environmental characteristics were based on the Census 2010 and included percentages of public illumination, asphalt, sidewalks, and green areas for state capital cities. Linear regression, Pearson correlation, and mediation analysis were performed using SPSS 26, at a 95% confidence interval. Results: The fastest women were from the Rio Grande do Sul. Significant differences were observed between Rio Grande do Sul and Rio Grande do Norte (β= 45.79; 95%CI = 16.86 − 74.73), Distrito Federal (β = 34.55; 95%CI = 1.87−67.24), and Sergipe (β = 35.34; 95%CI = 14.09−56.60). A negative relationship was observed between running pace with green areas (r = −0.206; 95%CI = −0.305 − −0.110) and training volume (r = −0.343; 95%CI = −0.427−0.167). Training volume explained 23% of the relationship between the percentage of green areas and running performance. Conclusion: The fastest runners were from the Rio Grande do Sul. Higher percentages of green areas can favor performance, which is partly mediated by increased training volume.

An analysis of temporal numerical superiority in the pan-american junior men's water polo matches / Análise da superioridade numérica temporal no pan-americano júnior de polo aquático masculino

ABSTRACT This study compared the frequency, number of goals and attack efficiency in temporal numerical superiority among winning and losing teams and among balanced and unbalanced matches in a junior men's water polo competition. Another analysed relationship was that between a balanced or unbalanced final score and the efficiency at scoring goals in numerical superiority in the winning teams' games. A total of 56 matches from the Pan-American Junior Men's Water Polo championship was analysed. The teams were categorised as losers or winners and the match results were classified as balanced or unbalanced. The chi-squared and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical treatment. There is no significant difference in the occurrence of numerical superiority between winners and losers (p = 0.25) despite the winners scoring more goals (p = 0.002) and being more efficient (p < 0.001). There is no significant difference in the occurrence of numerical superiority (p = 0.81) and goals (p = 0.03) in balanced and unbalanced matches. However, there tends to be a higher shot efficiency (p = 0.01) in unbalanced matches. A significant relationship exists (p = 0.04) between the winning teams' efficiency at scoring goals in a situation of numerical superiority and an unbalanced score.

RESUMO Esse estudo teve por objetivo comparar a frequência, a quantidade de gols e a eficiência do ataque em superioridade numérica temporal entre equipes vencedoras e perdedoras e entre partidas equilibradas e desequilibradas em competição júnior de polo aquático masculino. Também foi testada a relação entre a ocorrência do placar equilibrado ou desequilibrado com a eficiência em realizar gols em superioridade numérica nos jogos das equipes vencedoras. Foram analisadas 56 partidas do Campeonato Pan Americano Júnior de Polo Aquático Masculino. As equipes foram classificadas como perdedoras ou vencedoras e o resultado da partida como equilibrado ou desequilibrado. Teste Mann-Whitney e o qui-quadrado foram utilizados. Não há diferença significativa na ocorrência de superioridade numérica entre vencedores e perdedores (p = 0,25) apesar dos vencedores fazerem mais gols (p = 0,002) e serem mais eficientes (p < 0,001). Não há diferença significativa na ocorrência de superioridade numérica (p = 0,81) e de gols (p = 0,03) nas partidas equilibradas e desequilibradas. Entretanto, nas partidas desequilibradas encontrou-se maior eficiência no arremesso (p = 0,01). Foi encontrado relação significativa (p = 0,04) entre a eficácia das equipes vencedoras em realizar gol em superioridade numérica com o placar desequilibrado.

The association between psoriasis and health-related quality of life, work productivity, and healthcare resource use in Brazil

Abstract: Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune mediated inflammatory condition that affects a significant amount of the global population. Yet geographic variability in the consequences of psoriasis warrants region-level analyses. Objective: The current study contributes to the psoriasis outcomes literature by offering a comprehensive assessment of the humanistic and economic burden in Brazil. Methods: The 2012 Brazil National Health and Wellness Survey (N=12,000) was used to assess health-related quality of life (Short Form-12, version 2), work productivity, and healthcare resource use associated with experiencing psoriasis vs. no psoriasis, along with varying levels of psoriasis severity. Results: A total of 210 respondents reported diagnosis of psoriasis (N=157, 42, and 11 reporting mild, moderate, and severe psoriasis, respectively). Compared with controls, respondents with psoriasis reported diminished mental component summary scores and health utilities, as well as increased presenteeism, activity impairment, and physician visits over the past six months, adjusting for covariates. Among those with psoriasis, physical health decreased as psoriasis severity increased. Although work productivity and healthcare resource utilization did not differ with psoriasis severity, the high rates of productivity loss (e.g. 45.5% presenteeism in the severe psoriasis group) suggest an economic burden. Study limitations: Cost analyses were not performed, and cross-sectional patient-reported data limit causal conclusions and may reflect reporting biases. Conclusions: Nevertheless, these results suggest a significant burden to patients with psoriasis across both humanistic and economic outcomes. The association between psoriasis and mental health aspects and health utilities were particularly strong and exceeded what would be considered clinically meaningful.

Procesos de aprendizaje en niños de 6 a 10 años de edad con antecedente de nacimiento prematuro / Learning processes of children aged 6 to 10 years old that were born prematurely / Processos de aprendizagem em crianças de 6 a 10 anos de idade com antecedentes de nascimento prematuro

En este estudio sobre los procesos de aprendizaje en niños y niñas prematuros, buscamos establecer las características del desempeño del niño o la niña pretérmino en las actividades base del aprendizaje, en comparación con un grupo de niños y niñas nacidos a término, entre 6 y 10 años de edad. Seleccionamos la muestra según un modelo no probabilístico y voluntario, con un total de 160 participantes, divididos en un grupo clínico de 80 niños y niñas prematuros y otro grupo de 80 niños y niñas nacidos a término. El enfoque empleado para esta investigación es de tipo cuantitativo y el diseño que utilizamos fue comparativo-correlacional, con la aplicación de subtest para evaluar procesos de escritura, lectura, cálculo y lenguaje, siendo la comprensión y la discriminación fonológica las principales dificultades para las personas prematuras, así como procesos de cálculo mental.

This study on the learning processes of children born prematurely aims to establish their academic performance characteristics of these children based on their learning activities, which was then compared to the academic performance of a group of children aged between 6 and 10 years old that were born full-term. The sample is selected using a non-probabilistic and voluntary model, with a total of 160 participants, divided into a clinical group of 80 children that were born prematurely and another group of 80 children that were born full-term. A quantitative approach was used for this research along with a comparative-correlational design. This was achieved through applying a subtest with the two groups that evaluated their writing, reading, arithmetic and language

Este estudo sobre os processos de aprendizagem em crianças prematuras procura estabelecer as características do desempenho da criança que nasceu prematura nas atividades base da aprendizagem, em comparação com um grupo de crianças nascidos a termo, entre 6 e 10 anos de idade. A amostra foi selecionada a partir de um modelo não probabilístico e voluntário, com um total de 160 participantes, divididos num grupo clínico de 80 crianças prematuras e outro grupo de 80 crianças nascidas no tempo normal. O enfoque empregado para esta pesquisa é de tipo quantitativo e a concepção utilizada foi a comparativa-correlacional, com a aplicação de subtestes para avaliar os processos de escrita, leitura, cálculo e linguagem, sendo o entendimento e a discriminação fonológica as principais dificuldades para os prematuros, bem como os processos de cálculo mental

Produção de mudas de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L. ) em diferentes substratos e luminosidades / Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L. ) seedling production in different substrates and luminosities

Apesar de vários usos na cultura popular, poucos trabalhos vêm sendo desenvolvidos em relação ao cultivo do manjericão, sendo a maior parte dos estudos relacionada à identificação dos compostos químicos e à farmacologia. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes luminosidades e substratos na emergência, crescimento inicial e qualidade de mudas de manjericão. Utilizaram-se três substratos (substrato comercial Plantmax®, mistura de terra + areia + cama de frango (1:1:1) e terra + areia + Plantmax® (1:1:1) e dois níveis de luminosidade (Pleno Sol e 50 por cento). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 (Luz) x 3 (Substratos), com quatro repetições. Avaliou-se diariamente o percentual e o índice de velocidade de emergência, e aos 60 dias após a semeadura, o crescimento e a qualidade da muda. Os substratos e níveis de luz não alteraram a porcentagem de emergência das plântulas, entretanto a velocidade de emergência foi maior em Plantmax quando em pleno sol e não diferiu entre os substratos em 50 por cento de sombreamento. No substrato terra + areia + cama-de-frango e a pleno sol as mudas apresentaram maior crescimento e qualidade. Recomenda-se a semeadura direta do manjericão em terra + areia + cama de frango pois evita-se o transplante minimizando as perdas e a necessidade de mão de obra.

Although sweet basil has been frequently used in popular culture, few studies have been developed concerning its cultivation, and most of them are related to the identification of its chemical compounds and pharmacology. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different luminosities and substrates on the emergence, initial growth and quality of sweet basil seedlings. Three substrates (Plantmax® commercial substrate, a mixture of soil + sand + chicken manure (1:1:1), and soil + sand + Plantmax® (1:1:1) were used, together with two light levels (Full sun and 50 percent). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in 2 (Light) x 3 (Substrates) factorial arrangement with four replicates. The emergence percentage and velocity index were daily evaluated, and at 60 days after sowing seedling growth and quality were also evaluated. The substrates and light levels did not alter the percentage of seedling emergence; however, the emergence velocity was higher in Plantmax and full sun but did not differ among substrates under 50 percent shading. In the substrate soil + sand + chicken manure and full sun, seedlings had higher growth and quality. It is recommended thus that sweet basil be directly sown in soil + sand + chicken manure since it prevents transplanting, minimizing losses and the need of labor.

Adubação orgânica na produção de biomassa de plantas, teor e qualidade de óleo essencial de orégano (Origanum vulgare L. ) em cultivo protegido / Organic fertilization on phytomass production and essential oil content and quality of oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ) under protected cultivation

Origanum vulgare L., conhecida como orégano, é considerada planta condimentar largamente usada na culinária. No Brasil poucas são as pesquisas com esta espécie visando maximização das técnicas de cultivo. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses dos adubos orgânicos bovino e aves no crescimento de plantas, teor de clorofila, teor, rendimento e qualidade do óleo essencial de orégano cultivado sob estufa. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios, sendo um com esterco bovino e o outro com esterco de aves (Poedeira). Plantas de orégano (Origanum vulgare L.) foram cultivadas em vasos de 10 L submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: Ensaio I: Esterco bovino: 1) Solo sem adubação (controle); 2) solo + 3,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; 3) solo + 6,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; 4) solo + 9,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; 5) solo + 12,0 kg m-2 de esterco bovino; Ensaio II - Esterco de aves: 1) solo sem adubação (Controle); 2) solo + 1,5 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha; 3) solo + 3,0 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha; 4) solo + 4,5 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha e 5) solo + 6,0 kg m-2 de esterco de galinha. Ambos os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições e a parcela experimental composta de 4 vasos. Foi observado que as doses de adubos bovino e avícola influenciaram significativamente no crescimento das plantas, rendimento e composição química do óleo essencial de orégano.

Origanum vulgare L., known as oregano or wild marjoram, is an aromatic plant widely used in cookery. In Brazil, there are few studies with this species aimed at improving the cultivation techniques. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of cattle and chicken organic manure on plant growth, chlorophyll content, besides essential oil content, yield and quality of oregano grown in a greenhouse. Two assays were carried out, one of them used cattle manure and the other, chicken manure (Hen). Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) plants were grown in 10L-pots and subjected to the following treatments: Assay I: Cattle manure: 1) Soil without fertilization (control); 2) Soil + 3.0 kg m-2 cattle manure; 3) Soil + 6.0 kg m-2 cattle manure; 4) Soil + 9.0 kg m-2 cattle manure; and 5) Soil + 12.0 kg m-2 cattle manure; Assay II: Chicken manure: 1) Soil without fertilization (control); 2) Soil + 1.5 kg m-2 chicken manure; 3) Soil + 3.0 kg m-2 chicken manure; 4) Soil + 4.5 kg m-2 chicken manure; and 5) Soil + 6.0 kg m-2 chicken manure. The experimental design for both assays was in randomized blocks with four replicates and four pots per plot. Cattle and chicken manure levels significantly influenced oregano plant growth besides essential oil yield and chemical composition.

Efeitos da cadência de pedalada sobre a potência mecânica e variáveis fisiológicas / Effect of pedal cadence on mechanical power output and physiological variables

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as respostas das variáveis potência máxima (Pmax), freqüência cardíaca(FC), percepção de esforço (PE), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) e duplo produto (DP) na carga máxima atingida e durante os testes de 60 e 90 rpm. A amostra deste estudo constou de 14 homens (26,5 ±3,5 anos, 78,5 ± 7,8 kg e 178,1 ± 7,0 cm) praticantes de aulas de ciclismo "indoor", que realizaram dois testes de esforço máximo, segundo o protocolo incremental de Balke. O primeiro teste (test60) consistiu de uma cadência de pedalada de 60 rpm até a exaustão voluntária ou o aparecimento de sinais ou sintomas limitantes. Já o segundo teste (test90) utilizou a cadência de pedalada de 90 rpm. Não houve diferença significativa da FCmax (test60: 189,7±12,0 bpm; test90:190,9±10,7 bpm), PEmax (test60: 20,0±0,3; test90: 20,0±1,0) e PADmédia (test60: 76,7±4,9 mmHg; test90: 79,1 ± 5,3 mmHg)entre as cadências testadas. Por outro lado, os valores de Pmax (test60: 344,6±70,1 W; test90: 285,7±61,8 W), PASmax(test60: 186,1±14,7 mmHg; test90: 202,1±21,5 mmHg) e DPmax (test60: 35402,9±4431,7; test90: 38655,0±5270,5) foram diferentes. Em relação ao comportamento das variáveis durante os testes, houve diferença significativa da FC entre os testes até 225 W. Observou-se que tanto na PE, quanto na PAD, não houve diferença significativa em nenhuma potência absoluta. Para PAS e para o DP, houve diferença significativa entre as cadências somente na potência absoluta de 300W. Com isso, fica claro que realizar testes máximos, mesmo em protocolos que não prescrevam a cadência de pedalada,parece ser indicado pedalar a 60 rpm.

The objective of this study was to compare the responses of the variables maximal power output (POmax),heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) anddouble product (DP) in the maximum reached load and during 60 and 90 rev.min-1 tests. The study sample consisted of14 men (26.5 ± 3.5 years, 78.5 ± 7.8 kg and 178.1 ± 7.0 cm) engaged in indoor cycling classes, who undertook two testsof maximum effort using Balkeãs incremental protocol. The fi rst test (test60) consisted of a pedal cadence of 60 rev.min-1throughout the test, until voluntary exhaustion or the appearance of signs or symptom limits. The second test (test90) wasat a pedal cadence of 90 rev.min-1. There were no signifi cant difference between the cadences tested in terms of HRmax(test60: 189.7±12.0 beats.min-1; test90: 190.9±10.7 beats.min-1), RPEmax (test60: 20.0±0.3; test90: 20.0±1.0) or DBPmean(test60: 76.7±4.9 mmHg; test90: 79.1 ± 5.3 mmHg). On the other hand, the values of POmax (test60: 344.6±70.1 W; test90:285.7±61.8 W), SBPmax (test60: 186.1±14.7 mmHg; test90: 202.1±21.5 mmHg) and DPmax (test60: 35402.9±4431.7; test90:38655.0±5270.5) were different. In relation to the behavior of the variables during the tests, there were signifi cant differencein HR between the tests up to a level of 225 W. It was observed that neither RPE or DBP indicated signifi cant differencein absolute power. There were only differences in SBP and DP between the cadences at 300 W absolute power. With this,it is clear that to carry out maximum tests, even in protocols that do not prescribe the pedal cadence, it appears thet a 60rev.min-1 pedalling speed is indicated.