Efecto de la práctica mental kinestésica en la fuerza y actividad mioeléctrica del bíceps braquial, luego de un periodo de inmovilización de codo en adultos-jóvenes sanos / Effects of kinesthetic mental practice in strength and myoelectric activity of the brachialis biceps due to an elbow immobilization period in healthy young adults

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la práctica mental kinestésica (PMK) en la fuerza y actividad eléctrica muscular (AEM) del bíceps braquial, luego de un periodo de inmovilización del codo en un grupo de personas adultos jóvenes sanos. Un total de 14 personas (18,64 ± 0,92 años de edad) participaron voluntariamente del estudio, a las cuales se les evaluó la fuerza muscular de prensión y la AEM del bíceps braquial utilizando un dinamómetro de mano y un equipo de electromiografía, respectivamente, antes y después de un periodo de inmovilización del brazo no dominante, y se asignaron aleatoriamente a uno de dos grupos: grupo control (GC) o experimental (GE). El GE realizó PMK: tres series de 15 repeticiones con un minuto de descanso entre series, tres veces al día durante los seis días de inmovilización, mientras que el GC no realizó PKM durante su inmovilización. Al aplicar una prueba de ANOVA de dos vías, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la fuerza ni en la AEM. Sin embargo, la fuerza del GC disminuyó en 23,75%, mientras que la del GE aumentó en 33,19%. Los resultados sugieren que un periodo de inmovilización del codo de seis días no fue suficiente para que la fuerza ni la AEM disminuyan significativamente, lo que supone que la PMK realizada no es necesaria en periodos menores a seis días.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of kinesthetic mental practice (KMP) on the strength and muscular electrical activity (MEA) of the brachial biceps, after a period of immobilization of the elbow in a group of healthy young adults. A total of 14 volunteer participants (18.64 ± 0.92 years of age) were part in the study. The muscle strength and the AEM of the brachial biceps were assessed using a hand dynamometer and an electromyography equipment, respectively, before and after a period of immobilization of the non-dominant arm. After the pretest, they were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control group (GC) or experimental group (GE). The GE performed 3 sets of 15 repetitions with one-minute rest between sets, three times a day of PMK during the 6 days of immobilization, while the GC did not perform PKM during its immobilization. A 2-way ANOVA test (group x measurement) indicated non-significant differences in strength or AEM. However, the strength of the GC decreased by 23.75%, while increased by 33.19% in the GE. The results suggest that a period of immobilization of the elbow of 6 days was not enough for the strength or the AEM to decrease significantly, which means that the PMK is not necessary in periods of immobilization of less than 6 days.

Comparação entre a avaliação da amplitude articular estática do cotovelo por meio de três diferentes métodos: goniometria, biofotogrametria e goniometria da imagem radiológica / Comparison of evaluation of static elbow range of motion using three different methods: goniometry, biophotogrammetry and radiological goniometry

Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a confiabilidade e objetividade da goniometria e da biofotogrametria para a avaliação de uma posição do cotovelo através da comparação dos dados obtidos por estes métodos com os obtidos pela goniometria radiológica. Material e Métodos: A pesquisa contou com dezesseis indivíduos, sendo seis examinadores e dez avaliados. Para todas as técnicas de medida utilizadas, cada avaliador colheu três medidas de um mesmo ângulo do cotovelo (143º), que foi considerado como ângulo alvo das análises estatísticas e neste estudo chamado de ângulo chave. Resultados: Após a análise estatística, verificou-se baixa e moderada confiabilidade para a goniometria, e alta e muito alta confiabilidade para a biofotogrametria. Quanto à objetividade, verificou-se valores alto e moderado com o uso do goniômetro, ao passo que com a biofotogrametria somente se observaram valores altos. No entanto, as medidas encontradas com essas técnicas não apresentaram boa correlação com os valores obtidos pela goniometria radiológica. Conclusão: A técnica biofotogramétrica apresentou maior confiabilidade e objetividade em comparação com a goniometria sem, no entanto, apresentar correlação de seus dados com os obtidos pela goniometria radiológica.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to verify the reliability and objectivity of goniometry and biophotogrammetry to evaluate one specific elbow position. Data obtained from these two methods were compared with radiological goniometry data. Material & Methods: The group was composed by sixteen subjects: six examiners and ten volunteers. For all measurements used in this research each examiner took three measures of same angle of the elbow (143º) which was considered as target angle of statistical analyses in this study called key angle. Results: After statistical analysis, it was checked low and moderated reliability to the goniometry and high and very high reliability to biophotogrammetry. In regards to objectivity, it was observed higher and moderate reliability with the goniometer while with the biophotogrammetry only higher values. Though, measurements found with these techniques did not show good correlation with radiological goniometry values. Conclusion: The biophotogrammetry technique showed more reliability and objectivity in comparison to goniometry, however did not show correlation with radiological goniometry data values.

[Congenital dislocation of radial head [a case report]]

Congenital dislocation of radial head without any abnormality is rare, and commonly reveals with anomalies in another organs. It can be appearance in one side or two because of late manifestations, diagnosis of congenital dislocation of radial head is usually difficult. It is more important to recognize congenital anomaly of radial head from dislocation of elbow that events in trauma. This article presents one case of congenital dislocation of radial head that is involved one side without any anomaly

Modified French osteotomy for cubitus varus deformity

To evaluate the outcome of Modified French Osteotomy for correction of cubitus varus deformity. Descriptive quasi-experimental study from Feb. 2000 to Oct. 2003. Dept. of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Post-Graduate Medical Institute, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. All children, aged 3-12 years, with cubitus earns deformity were included in the study. Pre-operative clinical as well as radiological assessment of upper extremities were done in all cases. Modified French osteotomy was done to correct the deformity. All patients were followed for seven months. Physical examination for the range of motion, scar and post-operative complications were assessed. Antero-posterior and lateral radiographs of the elbow were obtained, and the carrying angles and lateral condylar prominence index were measured and recorded. Out of the total 30 patients, 26 were male and four female. Left side was involved in 24 cases and the right side in six. The average age at the time of osteotomy was seven years [range 3%-12 years]. The average pre-operative carrying angle was 25.2° [range 18-30°] and the post-operative angle 8.7° [range 5-13° valgus]. The average preoperative range of motion was 122.6° [range 105-135°] and the post-operative range 123.86° [range 90-135°]. The average pre-operative lateral condylar prominence index [LCPI] was 175.56 [range 128-232] and the post-operative lateral condylar prominence 156 [range 100-240]. Based on Bellmore criteria, 25 patients showed excellent, three good and two a poor result. Modified French technique of supracondylar osteotomy has excellent results in the management of cubit vs varus in terms of cosmesis, radiological findings and fewer complications

Síndrome unha-patela: estudo de duas famílias e revisäo de literatura / Nail-patella syndroem: study of two families and literature review

A síndrome unha-patela (SUP) é uma condiçao rara com padrao de herança autossômica dominante que se caracteriza pela tétrade: displasia ungueal, hipoplasia ou agenesia de patela, displasia do cotovelo e esporoes ósseos no íliaco. As principais complicaçoes da USP consistem nas deformidades esqueléticas e na nefropatia. Aproximadamente, 45 por cento dos pacientes com hipoplasia da patela necessitarao de cirurgia para o realinhamento desta. A doença renal pode estar associada à SUP, embora a maioria dos pacientes seja assintomática e apresente somente proteinúria. Foram estudadas duas famílias: uma com um caso esporádico e uma com três afetados pela SUP.

Gênese do cúbito varo / The genesis of cubitus varus

Baseados em estudo anatômico, experiência pessoal e na revisäo da literatura, avaliam-se os vários fatores relacionados com a gênese do cúbito varo. Com relaçäo à posiçäo do antebraço, puderam demonstrar o beneficío da imobilizaçäo em pronaçäo e o malefício da supinaçäo. Com relaçäo ao desvio do fragmento distal, chama-se a atençäo para sua báscula, como fator preponderante na gênese da deformidade. Discutem-se os vários tipos de tratamento propostos paras a fratura supracondiliana na criança e sua relaçäo com a deformidade. Atribue-se como causa do cúbito varo a posiçäo do antebraço em supinaçäo e a inclinaçäo (tilt) do fragmento distal