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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(4): 853-856, Aug. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124865

ABSTRACT

La arteria recurrente radial nace en el extremo proximal de la arteria radial y desde ahí asciende oblicuamente para anastomosarse con la arteria colateral radial, entregando en ese trayecto una serie de ramas para los músculos cercanos. Dicha arteria junto con sus ramas fueron descritas (por su importancia en abordajes quirúrgicos) por Arnold K. Henry como "the radial leash". Actualmente en clínica se utiliza el nombre "leash of Henry" para referirse a una o más ramas musculares de la arteria recurrente radial, sobretodo cuando cuando se encuentran en relación con el ramo profundo del nervio radial, pudiendo llegar a causar compresiones de dicho nervio en algunos casos. Se realizó una descripción de caso de una leash of Henry atípica, encontrada en una muestra cadavérica del laboratorio de anatomía de la Universidad Católica del Maule, de sexo masculino y nacionalidad chilena. La arteria encontrada corresponde a la rama de mayor calibre de la arteria recurrente radial, que se dirige directamente al músculo extensor de los dedos, dibujando un trayecto horizontal y cruzando por anterior al ramo profundo del nervio radial. Esta hallazgo difere a lo descrito por Henry y otros autores más recientes, y por lo tanto aporta información potencialmente útil a la hora de realizar procedimientos quirúrgicos que requieran un abordaje posterior o lateral de la cabeza del radio, como también descompresiones del nervio radial en esta zona.


The radial recurrent artery originates at the proximal end of the radial artery and from there ascends obliquely to anastomosing with the radial collateral artery. It gives off several branches for nearby muscles on its path. This artery along with its branches were described (due to its importance in surgical approaches) by Arnold K. Henry as "the radial leash". Currently, in clinical terms, the name "Leash of Henry" is used to refer to one or more muscular branches of the radial recurrent artery, especially when they are in relation to the deep branch of the radial nerve, and may cause compression of the nerve in some cases. A case description of an atypical Leash of Henry was found, found in a Chilean, male cadaveric sample of the anatomy laboratory, Universidad Católica del Maule. The artery corresponds to the branch of greater caliber of the recurrent radial artery, which goes directly to the extensor digitorum muscle. It draws a horizontal path and crosses the deep branch of the radial nerve anteriorly. This finding differs from what was described by Henry and other more recent authors. Therefore, this is potentially useful information when performing surgical procedures that require a posterior or lateral approach to the radius head, as well as radial nerve decompressions in this area.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Radial Nerve/anatomy & histology , Radial Artery/anatomy & histology , Elbow/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Elbow/innervation , Elbow/blood supply , Anatomic Variation
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(2): 513-517, abr. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056470

ABSTRACT

El nervio para el músculo braquiorradial (BR) ha sido utilizado en transferencias nerviosas para recuperaciones en funciones de la mano como consecuencias de lesiones que afectan el plexo braquial. Con el propósito de investigar el número y localización biométrica de los ramos primarios provenientes del nervio radial y puntos motores respecto un punto de referencia ubicado en la región del codo, se estudiaron 30 miembros superiores de individuos adultos brasileños, de la Universidad Estadual de Ciencias da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, Brasil. Las muestras se encontraban fijadas en solución de formaldehído al 10 %, de los cuales 15 miembros eran derechos y 15 izquierdos. Como punto de referencia se utilizó una línea que pasó a través de las partes más prominentes de los epicóndilos humerales, línea bi-epicondilea (LBE). Con respecto al origen nervioso para el músculo BR, todos los ramos se originaron a partir del nervio radial (NR). El promedio de la cantidad de Ramos Primarios (RP) fue de 1,53 (DS 0,73). En 18 muestras (60 %) se observó sólo un RP; en 8 casos (26,7 %) se encontraron 2 RP, mientras que en 4 casos (13,3 %) de la muestra se observaron 3 RP. Sobre la localización biométrica de los orígenes de los RP, es importante mencionar que todos se ubicaron proximal a la LBE. En promedio, estos se ubicaron a 38 mm (DS 0,9); 29 mm (DS 1,2) y 22 mm (DS 1,0) para el primer, segundo y tercer RP, respectivamente. En relación a los puntos motores (PM), en 4 casos (13 %) se observó 1 PM dado por la penetración directa de un ramo primario, en 13 casos (43 %) existieron 2 PM, en 8 casos (27 %) se encontraron 3 PM y en 5 casos (17 %) se observaron 4 PM. En tres casos (10 %) la inervación hacia el músculo BR emitió filetes nerviosos hacia el músculo extensor radial largo del carpo. Los resultados expuestos en esta investigación son un importante aporte para bloqueos nerviosos, estimulaciones eléctricas y transferencias nerviosas.


The nerve for the brachioradialis muscle (BR) has been used in nerve transfers for recoveries in functions of the hand as a consequence of lesions affecting the brachial plexus. With the purpose of investigating the number and biometric location of the primary branches coming from the radial nerve and motor points with respect to a reference point located in the elbow region, thirty upper limbs of Brazilian adult individuals from the State University of Sciences of Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil were used. The samples were fixed in 10 % formaldehyde solution, of which 15 were right and 15 left. As a reference point, a line was used that passed through the most prominent parts of the humeral epicondyls, bi-epicondilar line (BEL). With respect to the nervous origin for the BR muscle, all the branches originated from the radial nerve (RN). The average number of primary branches (PB) was 1.53 (SD 0.73). In 18 samples (60 %) only one PB was observed; in 8 cases (26.7 %) 2 PB were found, while in 4 cases (13.3 %) of the sample 3 PB were observed. Regarding the biometric location of the origins of PB, it is important to mention that all were located proximal to the BEL. On average, these were located at 38 mm (SD 0.9); 29 mm (DS 1.2) and 22 mm (DS 1.0) for the first, second and third PB, respectively. In relation to the motor points (MP), in 4 cases (13 %) 1 MP was observed as direct penetration of the PB, in 13 cases (43 %) there were 2 MP, in 8 cases (27 %) they found 3 MP and in 5 cases (17 %) 4 MP were observed. In three cases (10 %) the innervation towards the BR muscle emitted nerve fillets towards the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle. The results presented in this investigation are an important contribution to nerve blocks, electrical stimulations and nerve transfers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Radial Nerve/anatomy & histology , Muscle, Skeletal/innervation , Elbow/innervation , Brazil , Cadaver
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(2): 481-487, jun. 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-714297

ABSTRACT

Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (MACN) courses in the medial arm to provide sensory innervation to the medial forearm. Its anatomy has been partly described since data regarding its branching pattern and distances to adjacent landmarks are still lacking. The purpose of this study was to provide morphometric anatomy of the MACN with comparisons between sides and sexes. Ninety-six upper extremities from 26 males and 22 females were dissected. We found that up to 5 branches of MACN pierced the deep fascia with the maximum of 4 reaching the interepicondylar line (IEL). Presence of 2 and 3 branches was found in the majority of cases (> 80%). The distances from these branches to the landmarks varied considerably. In case of no branch, the mean distances to the medial epicondyle (ME) and brachial artery (BA) were approximately 1.5 cm while those to the basilic vein (BV) were 0.7 cm in both sexes. Regardless of the branching pattern, the MACN could pass over or close (within 0.5 cm) to the ME, BV and BA. Asymmetry in the branching pattern was found in 50% of specimens. Sex but not side differences were observed in some measurement parameters. These data are crucial for not only localizing the MACN during nerve block and graft harvest but also avoiding the nerve injury during surgical procedures.


El recorrido del nervio cutáneo antebraquial medial (NCAM) proporciona la inervación sensorial medial del antebrazo. Su anatomía se ha descrito en parte, porque los datos relativos a su patrón de ramificación y distancias a puntos de referencia adyacentes son insuficientes. El propósito de este estudio fue proporcionar datos morfométricos sobre la anatomía del NCAM, comparando entre lados y sexos. Se disecaron 96 miembros superiores de 26 hombres y 22 mujeres. Se encontró que 5 ramos del NCAM traspasaron la fascia profunda y llegaron 4 hasta la línea interepicondilar (LIE). Presencia de 2 y 3 ramos se encontró en la mayoría de los casos (>80%). Las distancias de estos ramos a los puntos anatómicos variaron considerablemente. En caso de ausencia de ramos, la distancia medial al epicóndilo medial (EM) y arteria braquial (AB) fueron de aproximadamente 1,5 cm, mientras que a la vena basílica (VB) fueron 0,7 cm en ambos sexos. Independientemente del patrón de ramificación, el NCAM podría pasar sobre o cerca (a menos de 0,5 cm ) del EM, VB y AB. Asimetría en el patrón de ramificación se encontró en 50% de las muestras. Diferencias en algunos de los parámetros de medición se observaron según sexo, pero no por lado. Estos datos son relevantes para localizar el NCAM durante el bloqueo del nervio y la toma de injertos, sino también para evitar la lesión del nervio durante los procedimientos quirúrgicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Brachial Plexus/anatomy & histology , Elbow/innervation , Forearm/innervation , Veins/anatomy & histology , Brachial Artery/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Sex Characteristics , Elbow/blood supply , Forearm/blood supply
4.
Rev. chil. reumatol ; 27(1): 31-37, 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-609903

ABSTRACT

La ultrasonografía es una herramienta útil para la evaluación de las anormalidades del codo, especialmente aquellas relacionadas con artropatías inflamatorias, mecánicas y degenerativas, al deporte, con actividades repetitivas o con entesitis. Es una herramienta dinámica que permite evaluar tanto estructuras extraarticulares como los ligamentos, tendones, músculos, bursas, entesis, nervios y vasos, así como las estructuras intraarticulares como los recesos articulares, cartílagos y superficies óseas articuladas. El objetivo de esta revision es brindar una actualizacion del uso de este método de imagen en las patologías más frecuentes que afectan el codo.


Ultrasonography is a useful tool for evaluation of abnormalities of the elbow, especially those related to inflammatory arthritis, mechanical and degenerative diseases, sports with repetitive activities or enthesitis. It is a dynamic tool that provides an evaluation of extra-articular structures such as ligaments, tendons, muscles, bursas, enthesis, nerves and vessels, as well as intra-articular structures such as joint recess, cartilage and bone surfaces articulated. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the use of this method of image in the most common diseases that affect the elbow.


Subject(s)
Humans , Elbow/injuries , Elbow , Pain/etiology , Ultrasonography , Bursitis/complications , Bursitis , Tennis Elbow/complications , Tennis Elbow , Elbow/innervation , Collateral Ligaments/injuries , Collateral Ligaments , Cubital Tunnel Syndrome/complications , Cubital Tunnel Syndrome , Synovitis/complications , Synovitis , Tendinopathy/complications , Tendinopathy
5.
Acta ortop. bras ; 19(3): 154-158, 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-595612

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar ganho de força e amplitude de movimento do cotovelo após cirurgia de Steindler Modificada em pacientes com lesão do tronco superior do plexo braquial. MÉTODO: Foram acompanhados de 1998 a 2007 onze pacientes com lesão traumática fechada do tronco superior do plexo braquial. Todos apresentavam evolução de pelo menos 1 ano da lesão e grau de força de flexão do cotovelo que variou de M1 a M3. Os pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia de Steindler modificada e seguidos por período mínimo de 6 meses. Realizadas avaliações pré e pós-operatórias do ganho de força muscular, amplitude de movimento do cotovelo e pontuação conforme escala DASH. RESULTADOS: Dos onze pacientes analisados, nove (82 por cento) atingiram nível de força igual ou maior a M3 (MRC). Dois (18 por cento) chegaram ao nível de força M2(MRC). Observamos que os pacientes apresentaram ganho médio de amplitude de movimento do cotovelo pós-operatória de 43,45 graus. A média de flexão do cotovelo pós-operatória foi de 88 graus. Houve melhora da função do cotovelo demonstrada na Escala DASH em 81 por cento dos pacientes do estudo. CONCLUSÃO: A cirurgia de Steindler Modificada mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento dos pacientes com lesão de tronco superior de plexo braquial, com ganho estatisticamente significativo de amplitude de movimento. Em todos os casos algum grau de ganho de força e amplitude de flexão do cotovelo, sendo tanto maior quanto maior a força muscular inicial. Nível de Evidência: Nível II, ensaio clínico prospective.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the gain in strength and range of motion after modified Steindler surgery of the elbow in patients with lesions of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. METHOD: From 1998 to 2007, eleven patients with traumatic closed upper trunk lesion of the brachial plexus were studied. All the patients had development of at least 1 year of injury and degree of strength of elbow flexion ranging from M1 to M3. The patients underwent Steindler surgery with at least 6 months of follow-up. Pre- and post-operative assessments were carried out to determine gain in muscle strength, range of motion of the elbow, and DASH scale score. RESULTS: Of the eleven patients studied, nine (82 percent) achieved a level of strength equal to or greater than M3 (MRC) with good functional recovery. Two (18 percent) reached strength level M2 (MRC). We observed that the patients had an average postoperative gain in range of motion of the elbow of 43.45 degrees. The average elbow flexion after surgery was 88 degrees. There was an improvement in elbow function, as demonstrated in the DASH Scale, in 81 percent of the patients studied. CONCLUSION: Modified Steindler surgery was effective in the treatment of patients with injuries of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, with statistically significant gains in range of motion. In all the cases studied, there was some degree of gain in strength and range of elbow flexion, the gain being correlated with the initial muscle strength. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective clinical trial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Elbow/innervation , Forelimb , Brachial Plexus/injuries , Brachial Plexus/pathology , Plastic Surgery Procedures/rehabilitation , Elbow/physiopathology , Elbow Joint , Rehabilitation
6.
Int. j. morphol ; 28(4): 1011-1018, dic. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-582882

ABSTRACT

El uso racional del acceso a las venas superficiales en la fosa cubital es de especial relevancia en pacientes pediátricos, con fístulas para diálisis, en quimioterapia, o como vías para acceso venoso central. Se han descrito varios patrones venosos con sus beneficios o riesgos. Se determinó la frecuencia de los patrones venosos en una población de ambos sexos nacida en Bucaramanga, Colombia, en 800 miembros superiores (200 hombres y 200 mujeres), conforme a la clasificación propuesta por del Sol et al. (1988, 2007). El análisis descriptivo para variables cualitativas nominales y ordinales mediante porcentajes, las cuantitativas con media y desviación estándar en el caso de variables con distribución normal y las no paramétricas identificadas con número mediante mediana y rango intercuartil. Se comparó género y patrón venoso mediante la prueba de Kwallis y chi cuadrado. El patrón predominante fue el III, 297 casos (37 por ciento) determinado por una alta frecuencia en mujeres (54 por ciento), seguido del II 190 casos (24 por ciento). En el lado derecho para ambos géneros el patrón más frecuente fue el III, 141 casos (35 por ciento), seguidos del II, 89 casos (22 por ciento). En el lado izquierdo para ambos géneros predominó el patrón III, 156 casos (39 por ciento), seguido por el II con 101 casos (25 por ciento). El patrón II fue el mayor en hombres (28 por ciento), seguido del III (21 por ciento). En mujeres predominó el patrón III, seguido del II (19 por ciento). En el lado derecho en hombres, predominó el II (24 por ciento) seguido del IV (23 por ciento). En el lado derecho en mujeres predominó el III (51 por ciento) seguido del II (20 por ciento). En el lado izquierdo en hombres, predominó el patrón II (32 por ciento) seguido del III (21 por ciento). En el lado izquierdo en mujeres predominó III (57 por ciento) seguido del II (18 por ciento). El patrón que en más ocasiones se presentó al mismo tiempo en ambos lados en la misma persona...


The rational use of access to the superficial veins in the cubital fossa is particularly important in pediatric patients, with fistulas for dialysis, chemotherapy, or central venous access routes. Several venous patterns have been described for their benefits or risks. The prevalence of venous patterns in a population of both sexes born in Bucaramanga, Colombia, in 800 upper limbs (200 men and 200 women), according to the classification proposed by del Sol et al. (1988, 2007). The descriptive analysis for nominal and ordinal qualitative variables with percentages, the quantitative mean and standard deviation for normally distributed variables and nonparametric identified by number using median and interquartile range, was compared by gender and venous pattern through test and chi square Kwallis. The predominant pattern was III, 297 cases (37 percent) determined by a high frequency in women (54 percent), followed by II 190 cases (24 percent). On the right side for both sexes the most common pattern was III, 141 cases (35 percent), followed by II, 89 cases (22 percent). On the left side for both genders predominant pattern III, 156 cases (39 percent), followed by the second with 101 cases (25 percent). Pattern II was greater in men (28 percent), followed by III (21 percent). In women the pattern III predominated, followed by II (19 percent). On the right side in men, II predominated (24 percent) followed by IV (23 percent). On the right side III predominated in women (51 percent) followed by II (20 percent). On the left side in men, the predominant pattern II (32 percent) followed by III (21 percent). On the left side in women predominated III (57 percent) followed by II (18 percent). The pattern appeared more often at the same time on both sides in the same person was III (16.6 percent).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Arm/innervation , Elbow/innervation , Veins/anatomy & histology , Colombia
7.
Rev. chil. ortop. traumatol ; 49(1): 23-30, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-559455

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to assess the simple decompression as surgical treatment for ulnar tunnel syndrome at elbow. The review was in eight patients with a total of ten cases. The electromyography and neuroconduction study was altered in all cases. The classification according McGowan was: 40 percent of cases in grade I, 40 percent grade IIA and 20 percent grade IIB. In the 63 percent of cases a concomitant carpal tunnel syndrome was treated surgically. In all cases, a compressive Osborne’s arcade was observed. The follow up are 3,8 months with an 100 percent of excellent (complete relief of symptoms) and good (minimal residual symptoms) results. This review shows that the simple decompression is a proved and reproducible surgical technique. This technique can be the first option for the surgical treatment of the ulnar tunnel syndrome.


Se presenta trabajo prospectivo sobre la descompresión simple como tratamiento quirúrgico del síndrome de compresión del nervio ulnar en el codo. Se revisa una serie de 8 pacientes y 10 codos operados. Hubo electromiografía alterada en todos los casos. Se clasificó preoperatoriamente según McGowan(40 por ciento grado I, 40 por ciento grado IIA y 20 por ciento grado IIB). En el 63 por ciento de los casos hubo un síndrome de túnel del carpo asociado que también se trató. En todos los casos se observó una fascia de Osborne tensa y compresiva sobre el nervio ulnar. El seguimiento promedio fue de 3,8 meses y se obtuvo un 100 por ciento de resultados buenos y excelentes. En este trabajo se confirma que ésta es una técnica quirúrgica reproducible y basada en la simplicidad. Se le puede considerar como primera opción para el tratamiento quirúrgico del síndrome de compresión del nervio ulnar en el codo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Elbow/innervation , Cubital Tunnel Syndrome/surgery , Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes/surgery , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Cubital Tunnel Syndrome/pathology , Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes/pathology , Treatment Outcome
8.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 32(8): 665-8, ago. 1997. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-196874

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam um caso de compressäo do nervo ulnar ao nível do cotovelo, tendo como etiologia o ramo posterior do nervo medial do antebraço. Trata-se de forma rara de compressäo do nervo ulnar, näo tendo sido encontrado na bibliografia relato semelhante. É feita revisäo da literatura quanto à etiologia da compressäo do nervo ulnar e descriçäo da anatomia do nervo cutâneo medial do antebraço


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Forearm/innervation , Elbow/innervation , Median Nerve , Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes/etiology , Median Nerve/anatomy & histology , Median Nerve/surgery , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases , Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes/surgery
9.
Rev. cuba. ortop. traumatol ; 11(1/2): 41-5, 1997. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-248988

ABSTRACT

Se reporta la experiencia en el tratamiento de un grupo de 19 pacientes con lesiones avulsivas radiculares del plexo braquial entre 1990 y 1993, con un seguimiento de más de 24 meses. La neurotización del nervio musculocutáneo con los nervios frénico e intercostales resultó en una flexión activa del codo en 9 pacientes (49,9 porciento)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Adolescent , Accessory Nerve/surgery , Brachial Plexus/injuries , Elbow/innervation , Nerve Transfer , Phrenic Nerve/surgery
10.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-25646

ABSTRACT

Unilateral ulnar neuropathy at the elbow was detected in 12 men employed as diamond assorters. Asymptomatic diamond assorters were studied as controls. In the symptomatics, the ulnar neuropathy was restricted to the hand which held the eye-glass used for inspecting the diamonds. Electrophysiological studies using several parameters revealed neurapraxia sometimes combined with axonal degeneration in the ulnar nerve at the elbow, compatible with compression at that site. The most sensitive parameters of abnormality in the symptomatic subjects were segmental slowing of motor nerve conduction velocity across the elbow (P less than 0.001) and the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential obtained on stimulating the nerve above the elbow (P less than 0.001). In the 18 asymptomatic diamond assorters, electrophysiological studies revealed an ulnar neuropathy in two (again in the hand used for holding the eye-glass). Ulnar mononeuropathy at the elbow thus seems to be an occupational hazard for diamond assorters and it is worthwhile to elicit occupational history from patients presenting with an ulnar mononeuropathy, especially in Bombay and Gujarat where diamond industry is concentrated.


Subject(s)
Adult , Elbow/innervation , Electrophysiology , Humans , Male , Occupational Diseases , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Pressure , Ulnar Nerve/physiopathology
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