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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(4): 843-852, Jul.-Aug. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1285273

ABSTRACT

Maneuvers to activate the equine's core can make a difference in their physical and psychic health. Although these activities are recommended and practiced, there is little research proving their effectiveness. This article aims to describe, through surface electromyography, the occurrences, durations and sequences activity of longissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis and gluteus medius during thoracolumbar flexion (TLF), lumbar and lumbosacral flexion (LLSF), global flexion (GF), which is the combination of TLF and LLSF, and tail traction (TT). Seven healthy adult horses of three different breeds performed five repetitions of these movements for five seconds (sec). Electromyographic activity was captured with non-invasive superficial sensors positioned in the skin regions covering these muscles. The sequence was performed once per animal, muscle activity captured by surface electromyography, data from two replicates of each animal were selected, analyzed on matLab software and data tabulation were described during each maneuver. These maneuvers provoked punctual and transient activation of muscles mentioned above, confirming the ability to activate equine core muscles. However, responses were not standardized, which means there were variations of occurrence, duration and sequence, suggesting that for practical application of those maneuvers it is necessary to perform more repetitions with longer durations to activate more muscles.(AU)


Manobras para ativação da musculatura do core equino podem ser diferenciais para saúde física e psíquica dos animais, sendo recomendadas e praticadas, mas existem poucas pesquisas comprovando a eficácia delas. Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever, por meio da eletromiografia de superfície, as ocorrências, as durações e as sequências temporais da atividade muscular do longuíssimo dorsal, do reto abdominal e do glúteo médio durante a realização das manobras de flexão toracolombar, flexão lombar e lombossacra, flexão global (toracolombar e lombossacra) e tração de cauda. Para isso, sete equinos adultos e hígidos de três raças realizaram esses quatro movimentos clássicos para ativar o core equino, com cinco repetições e manutenção do estímulo reflexivo por cinco segundos. Durante a realização, a atividade eletromiográfica foi capturada com a utilização de sensores superficiais posicionados de forma não invasiva em regiões cutâneas referentes a cada músculo. O protocolo completo de manobras foi realizado uma vez por cada animal enquanto a atividade muscular era capturada. Posteriormente, duas repetições de cada animal foram triadas e submetidas ao software matLab para análise. Com base na tabulação dos dados, foram descritas as variáveis eletromiográficas de presença ou ausência de ativação muscular, a duração média dos picos eletromiográficos superiores ao RMS (root mean square) e a sequência da atividade muscular observada durante cada manobra. Essas manobras provocaram ativações pontuais e transitórias nos três músculos, o que confirma a capacidade de excitar músculos do core equino. Contudo, as respostas não foram padronizadas, sugerindo que, na prática dessa atividade, devem-se realizar mais repetições com durações superiores a cinco segundos, a fim de se buscarem maiores ativações.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Exercise Movement Techniques/veterinary , Muscle Stretching Exercises , Horses/physiology , Musculoskeletal System/anatomy & histology , Electromyography/veterinary , Warm-Up Exercise
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online);68(4): 931-937, jul.-ago. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-792475

ABSTRACT

Systematic studies involving technologies such as surface electromyography (sEMG) may provide important data that enable veterinarians to recognize musculoskeletal, ligamentous, and neurological alterations. The aim of this study was to describe the gait cycle phases and the timing of muscle activation in healthy Boxer dogs during gait by means of sEMG. The gait cycle of seven Boxer dogs was evaluated and sEMG was recorded from the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, brachiocephalic, rectus femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and superficial gluteal muscles of the right hemibody. Circular monopolar Ag/AgCl electrodes were attached to the mean point between the motor point and the muscle insertion. The electromyographic signals were collected by an active interface with 20-fold gain in a bipolar differential configuration using a 16-channel signal conditioner (EMG Systems Brasil), while the dogs walked on a treadmill at a speed of 2m/s. Pearson's correlation was used for the statistical analysis. A positive correlation was found between the rectus femoris and biceps brachii (r= 0.81); superficial gluteal and triceps brachii (r= 0.69); semitendinosus-semimembranosus and biceps brachii (r= 0.76); and rectus femoris and semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscle groups (r=0.99). The biceps brachii and brachiocephalic muscles work in tandem to position the thoracic limb during the gait cycle, while the semitendinosus-semimembranosus group flexes the knee and, simultaneously with the quadriceps that flexes the hip, prevents the contact of the pelvic limb with the ground during the swing phase. The body is propelled forward by the triceps brachii muscle, which extends the elbow and flexes the shoulder at the final contact, while the superficial gluteal muscle extends the hip.(AU)


Estudos sistemáticos que envolvem uso de tecnologias, como a eletromiografia de superfície (EMGs), podem fornecer dados importantes que capacitam os clínicos a diferenciar as alterações musculoesqueléticas, ligamentares ou neurológicas. Objetiva-se com este trabalho descrever as fases da marcha canina e o momento de ativação dos músculos de cães saudáveis da raça Boxer durante a marcha, por meio da eletromiografia de superfície. Avaliou-se a marcha de sete cães da raça Boxer, e o sinal elétrico da eletromiografia de superfície foi coletado do bíceps braquial, do tríceps braquial, do braquiocefálico, do reto femoral, do semitendinoso/semimembranoso e do glúteo superficial do hemicorpo direito. Os eletrodos monopolares circulares de prata com cloreto de prata (Ag/AgCl) foram posicionados no ponto médio entre a placa motora e a inserção desses músculos. Os sinais eletromiográficos foram capturados e adquiridos por uma interface ativa com ganho de 20x em configuração diferencial bipolar e por um condicionador de sinais (EMG Systems Brasil) de 16 canais, enquanto os cães caminharam em esteira com velocidade de 2m/s. Para análise estatística, foi aplicado teste de correlação de Pearson. Verificou-se correlação positiva entre os músculos retofemoral e bíceps braquial (r= 0,81); glúteo superficial e tríceps braquial (r= 0,69); semitendinoso/semimembranoso e bíceps braquial (r= 0,76); e entre o músculo reto femoral e o grupo muscular semitendinoso e semimembranoso (r=0,99). Os músculos bíceps braquial e braquiocefálico do mesmo membro trabalham em sinergia para posicionar o membro torácico durante o ciclo de marcha, enquanto o grupo muscular semitendinoso/semimembranoso flexiona o joelho e, simultaneamente com o quadríceps, que flexiona o quadril, impede que o membro pélvico entre em contato com o solo no balanço. Para impulsionar o corpo à frente, o músculo tríceps braquial estende o cotovelo e flexiona o ombro no contato final e o glúteo superficial estende o quadril.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Electromyography/veterinary , Gait , Muscles/physiology , Biomechanical Phenomena , Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; Arq. neuropsiquiatr;73(2): 104-110, 02/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741183

ABSTRACT

Objective To evaluate the effect of waiting time (WT) to radiotherapy (RT) on overall survival (OS) of glioblastoma (GBM) patients as a reliable prognostic variable in Brazil, a scenario of medical disparities. Method Retrospective study of 115 GBM patients from two different health-care institutions (one public and one private) in Brazil who underwent post-operative RT. Results Median WT to RT was 6 weeks (range, 1.3-17.6). The median OS for WT ≤ 6 weeks was 13.5 months (95%CI , 9.1-17.9) and for WT > 6 weeks was 14.2 months (95%CI, 11.2-17.2) (HR 1.165, 95%CI 0.770-1.762; p = 0.470). In the multivariate analysis, the variables associated with survival were KPS (p < 0.001), extent of resection (p = 0.009) and the adjuvant treatment (p = 0.001). The KPS interacted with WT to RT (HR 0.128, 95%CI 0.034-0.476; p = 0.002), showing that the benefit of KPS on OS depends on the WT to RT. Conclusion No prognostic impact of WT to RT could be detected on the OS. Although there are no data to ensure that delays to RT are tolerable, we may reassure patients that the time-length to initiate treatment does not seem to influence the control of the disease, particularly in face of other prognostic factors. .


Objetivo Avaliar o efeito do tempo de espera (TE) até radioterapia na sobrevida global de pacientes com glioblastoma como um fator prognóstico confiável. Método Estudo retrospectivo de 115 pacientes com glioblastoma, que foram submetidos à radioterapia pós-operatória, em dois serviços diferentes no Brasil (um público e outro privado). Resultados Mediana de TE para radioterapia foi de 6 semanas (variação, 1,3-17,6). A mediana de sobrevida para TE ≤ 6 semanas foi de 13,5 meses (IC95%, 9,1-17,9) e para TE > 6 semanas foi de 14,2 meses (IC95%, 11,2-17,2) (HR 1,165, 0,770-1,762; p = 0,470). Na análise multivariada, as variáveis associadas à sobrevida foram perfomance status (p < 0,001), extensão da ressecção (p = 0,009) e tratamento adjuvante (p = 0,001). Conclusão Não se observou impacto prognóstico para TE até a radioterapia na sobrevida. Diante de outros fatores prognósticos, é possível assegurar de que o espaço de tempo até a radioterapia não parece influenciar o controle da doença. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Papio/physiology , Pregnancy, Animal/physiology , Uterine Contraction/physiology , Electromyography/veterinary , Laparotomy/veterinary , Photoperiod , Papio/surgery
4.
Acta cir. bras ; Acta cir. bras;25(2): 181-189, Mar.-Apr. 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-540495

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To evaluate hemodynamics and bispectral index (BIS) in bitches anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam in combination with dexmedetomidine or medetomidine and submitted to ovariohysterectomy. Methods: Twenty bitches pretreated with levomedetomidine and buprenorphine were anesthetized with 5 mg.kg-1 ketamine and 0.2 mg.kg-1 midazolam i.v. Continuous infusion of 0.4 mg.kg-1.h-1 midazolam and 20 mg.kg-1.h-1 ketamine was initiated in combination with DEX (n=10): 20 µg.kg-1.h-1 dexmedetomidine or MED (n=10): 30 µg.kg-1.h-1 medetomidine over 30 minutes. A pharmacokinetic study provided dexmedetomidine plasma concentration, set to be 3.0 ng.mL-1. Results: BIS decreased in both groups (P<0.05), but it was lower in DEX (P<0.05) as compared to MED. No differences were found in hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure) between groups (P>0.05), but heart rate decreased in both groups, as compared to control values (P<0.05). Respiratory rate decreased (P<0.05) and expired end tidal CO2 increased progressively (P<0.05) and similarly in both groups. Anesthetic recovery period was similar between groups (P<0.05) with no adverse effects. Conclusion: Continuous administration of dexmedetomidine with calculated plasma concentration equal to 3 ng.mL-1 in combination with midazolam and ketamine provides suitable anesthesia for spay surgery in bitches, hemodynamic stability and calm awakening with no adverse effects.


Objetivo: Verificar o comportamento hemodinâmico e o índice bispectral de cadelas anestesiadas com cetamina e midazolam associados à dexmedetomidina ou medetomidina. Métodos: Vinte cadelas receberam pré-tratamento com levomepromazina e buprenorfina e foram anestesiadas com cetamina, 5 mg.kg-1 i.v., e midazolam, 0,2 mg.kg-1 i.v., seguidos da administração contínua de midazolam, 0,4 mg.kg-1.h-1, e cetamina, 20 mg.kg-1.h-1, associados, conforme o grupo, à: DEX (n=10): dexmedetomidina 20 µg.kg-1.h-1 ou MED (n=10): medetomidina 30 µg.kg-1.h-1, mantidos por 30 minutos. A dose de dexmedetomidina foi obtida por meio de estudo farmacocinético planejando-se concentração plasmática de 3,0 ng.mL-1. Resultados: Os valores do BIS diminuíram em ambos os grupos (P<0,05), mas foram menores no grupo DEX (P<0,05), em comparação com o grupo MED. Não houve diferença significativa nos atributos hemodinâmicos (frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média) entre os grupos, mas a frequência cardíaca diminuiu em ambos os grupos em relação ao momento controle (P<0,05). A frequência respiratória diminuiu (P<0,05) e o CO2 expirado aumentou progressivamente em ambos os grupos (P<0,05). O tempo de recuperação anestésica foi semelhante entre os grupos (P>0,05), sem a presença de efeitos adversos. Conclusão: A administração contínua de dexmedetomidina em concentração plasmática calculada de 3 ng.mL-1, em combinação com midazolam e cetamina, resulta em plano anestésico adequado para castração de cadelas, estabilidade hemodinâmica e despertar tranquilo, sem efeitos adversos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Anesthetics, Combined/administration & dosage , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Hysterectomy/veterinary , Ovariectomy/veterinary , Anesthetics, Combined/adverse effects , Dexmedetomidine/administration & dosage , Dexmedetomidine/blood , Electromyography/veterinary , Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects , Hysterectomy/methods , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Medetomidine/administration & dosage , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Monitoring, Intraoperative/veterinary , Ovariectomy/methods
5.
J. vet. sci ; J. vet. sci;: 133-138, 2000.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-128394

ABSTRACT

In acupuncture practice of animals, preanesthetics sometimes are needed. The purpose of this study was to select the ideal chemical restraint at acupuncture for gastric motility. Nine healthy mixed breed dogs weighed 10-21 kg and aged 1-3 years old were used in this study. Two EMG surface electrodes were placed between the seromuscular and the mucosal layer of pylorus. Twenty minutes after feeding normal gastric motility was recorded for 60 minutes using physiograph (Narco-Biosystem). Then preanesthetic treated-gastric motility was observed for 30 minutes. Preanesthetics used were xylazine, diazepam, and acepromazine. Acupuncture needles were inserted to BL-21 (Wei-Yu) acupoint, and then changes of gastric motility were recorded for 60 minutes. The gastric motility following xylazine administration (1 mg/kg, IV) was markedly decreased. BL-21 (Wei-Yu) acupoints stimulation did not alter xylazine-induced depression of gastric motility. The diazepam (1 mg/kg IV) treated-gastric motility was increased mildly 20 minutes after drug administration. BL-21 (Wei-Yu) acupoint stimulation after diazepam administration enhanced gastric motility significantly. The gastric motility following acepromazine (0.3 mg/kg, IM) administration was not changed compared with normal gastric motility. Application of traditional acupuncture at BL-21 (Wei-Yu) significantly increased the gastric motility. Based on these results, acepromazine and diazepam could be acceptable chemical restraints for acupuncture therapy of gastric motility, but xylazine couldn't be.


Subject(s)
Animals , Acepromazine , Acupuncture/standards , Acupuncture Points , Adjuvants, Anesthesia , Adrenergic alpha-Agonists , Antipsychotic Agents , Atropine , Diazepam , Dogs/physiology , Dopamine Antagonists , Electromyography/veterinary , Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Metoclopramide , Parasympatholytics , Preanesthetic Medication/standards , Xylazine
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