Perfil dos atendimentos realizados pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência no município de Colombo (PR) / Profile of care provided by the Mobile Emergency Care service of the city of Colombo-PR

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil dos atendimentos realizados pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) do município de Colombo (PR). Método: Estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando as informações contidas nas fichas de atendimentos do SAMU do município de Colombo (PR) para a coleta dos dados no período de dezembro de 2016 a agosto de 2017. Resultados: Foram analisados 2.784 fichas e os resultados mostram predominância do sexo masculino com 1.441 (51,76%), faixa etária de 19-59 anos com 1.531 (54,99%), ocorrências de perfil clínico com 1.715 (61,60%) e, tendo como destino final a UPA do município 1.377 casos (63,75%). Conclusões: O estudo contribui na quantificação de informações de atendimento do SAMU realizados no município de Colombo, a fim de qualificar a organização das demandas de atendimento pela rede de Urgência e Emergência no município

Epidemiología del trauma maxilofacial, tratado quirúrgicamente en el Hospital de Urgencia Asistencia Pública: 3 años de revisión / Epidemiology of maxillofacial trauma, surgically treated in the Emergency Hospital Public Assistance: 3 years of revision

Resumen Introducción: El trauma maxilofacial (TMF) constituye un problema de relevancia en los centros hospitalarios de alta complejidad. Objetivo: Evidenciar y actualizar la epidemiología del trauma maxilofacial de resolución quirúrgica bajo anestesia general, en pabellón central tratado en el Hospital de Urgencia Asistencia Pública durante el período comprendido entre diciembre de 2014 a diciembre de 2017 y compararla con la realidad epidemiológica de otros centros hospitalarios de alta complejidad en Chile y en el extranjero. Materiales y Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en el que se analizaron los protocolos operatorios de los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por trauma maxilofacial, en pabellón central, bajo anestesia general, en un período de 37 meses. Las variables analizadas fueron diagnóstico, edad, género, tercio facial y zona anatómica afectada. Resultados: Se realizaron 127 procedimientos quirúrgicos, para resolver 259 fracturas. La edad promedio de los pacientes intervenidos fue de 33 años, con predominio del género masculino (85,8%); el tercio inferior fue el más afectado (77,2%), específicamente en la zona parasinfisiaria mandibular (22,4%). Discusión: Los resultados expuestos concuerdan con estudios realizados internacionalmente, pero tiene discordancia en relación a la zona anatómica más afectada al comparalo con los otros centros que analizaron su epidemiología. Conclusión: Resulta necesario continuar la investigación epidemiológica de estas patologías y unificar criterios de diagnóstico y tratamiento para poder establecer políticas de prevención y tratamiento eficientes en relación a cada servicio y en conjunto a nivel de salud pública.

Introduction: Maxillofacial trauma (MFT) is a relevant problem in highly complex hospital centers. Aim: To show and update the epidemiology of the maxillofacial trauma of surgical resolution under general anesthesia, in a major operating room, treated in the Emergency Hospital Public Assistance during the period from December 2014 to December 2017 and to compare it with the epidemiological reality of other high complexity hospital centers in Chile and abroad. Materials and Method: A retrospective study was carried out and the surgical protocols of the patients operated for maxillofacial trauma, in a major operating room, under general anesthesia, in a period of 37 months, were analyzed. The variables considered were diagnosis, age, gender, facial third and affected anatomic area. Results: 127 surgical procedures were performed, for the resolution of 259 fractures. The average age of the operated patients was 33 years, with predominance of the male gender (85.8%), the lower third was the most affected (77.2%), specifically in the parasymphysis area (22.4%). Discussion: The exposed results agree with studies carried out internationally, but it has discordance in relation to the most affected anatomical area at national level comparing it with the other hospitals that analyzed its epidemiology. Conclusion: It is necessary to continue the epidemiological investigation of these pathologies and to unify diagnostic and treatment criteria in order to establish efficient prevention and treatment policies in relation to each service and jointly at the level of public health.

Satisfaction of Emergency Physicians with the Care Provided to Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases in the Northern Region of Minas Gerais / Satisfação de Médicos dos Serviços de Urgência com o Cuidado às Doenças Cardiovasculares na Região Ampliada Norte de Minas Gerais

Abstract Background: The dissatisfaction of health professionals in emergency services has a negative influence on both the quality of care provided for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and the retention of those professionals. Objective: To assess physicians' satisfaction with the structure of care and diagnosis at the emergency services in the Northern Region of Minas Gerais before the implementation of the AMI system of care. Methods: This cross-sectional study included physicians from the emergency units of the ambulance service (SAMU) and level II, III and IV regional hospitals. Satisfaction was assessed by using the CARDIOSATIS-Team scale. The median score for each item, the overall scale and the domains were calculated and then compared by groups using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. Correlation between time since graduation and satisfaction level was assessed using Spearman correlation. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 137 physicians included in the study, 46% worked at SAMU. Most of the interviewees showed overall dissatisfaction with the structure of care, and the median score for the overall scale was 2.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 2.0-4.0]. Most SAMU physicians expressed their dissatisfaction with the care provided (54%), the structure for managing cardiovascular diseases (52%), and the technology available for diagnosis (54%). The evaluation of the overall satisfaction evidenced that the dissatisfaction of SAMU physicians was lower when compared to that of hospital emergency physicians. Level III/IV hospital physicians expressed greater overall satisfaction when compared to level II hospital physicians. Conclusion: This study showed the overall dissatisfaction of the emergency physicians in the region assessed with the structure of care for cardiovascular emergencies.

Resumo Fundamentos: A insatisfação dos profissionais de saúde dos serviços de urgência tem influência negativa na qualidade do cuidado ao infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e na fixação desses profissionais. Objetivo: Avaliar a satisfação de médicos com a estrutura de atendimento e diagnóstico de serviços públicos de urgência na Região Ampliada Norte de Minas Gerais, previamente à implantação da linha de cuidado ao IAM. Métodos: Estudo transversal, que incluiu médicos das unidades de emergência do SAMU e de hospitais regionais nível II, III e IV. Foi avaliada a satisfação usando a escala CARDIOSATIS-Team. O escore mediano para cada item, a escala global e os domínios foram calculados e então comparados por grupos, utilizando o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Foi avaliada a correlação entre tempo de formação e nível de satisfação com o método de Spearman. Um valor-p < 0,05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: De 137 médicos incluídos, 46% trabalhavam no SAMU. A maior parte dos entrevistados demonstrou insatisfação geral com a estrutura de atendimento, cuja mediana da escala global foi 2,0 (intervalo interquartil [IQ] 2,0-4,0). A maioria dos médicos do SAMU demonstrou-se insatisfeita quanto a atendimento prestado (54%), estrutura para condução das doenças cardiovasculares (52%) e tecnologia disponível para diagnóstico (54%). Na avaliação da satisfação global, evidenciou-se que a insatisfação dos médicos do SAMU foi menor quando comparada à dos médicos de urgência hospitalar. Os médicos de hospitais nível III/IV demonstraram maior satisfação global quando comparados aos de hospitais nível II. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou insatisfação geral dos médicos dos serviços de urgência na região em relação à estrutura de atendimento às emergências cardiovasculares.

The status of emergency medicine in Ethiopia, challenges and opportunities

Back ground: Emergency medicine(EM) is one of the most rapidly developing medical specialties in Africa. After just 8 years since its introduction in Ethiopia, there were 22 qualified emergency medicine specialists and 2 pediatric emergency specialists in the country. The aim of this study was to qualitatively assess the status of emergency medicine and the challenges and opportunities of working as an emergency physician in Ethiopia.Methodology: An interview and a videotaped focus group discussion involving 17 selected participants were done in December of 2016. The data was transcribed, translated and analyzed by identifying the most common themes that emerged.Result: All the participants agreed the field of emergency medicine is rapidly expanding in Ethiopia. Six themes were identified as challenges: The undeveloped state of the emergency medical system, the disorganization prevalent in emergency rooms, an undefined scope of practice, problems with acceptance of the specialty, poor continuity of care, and an unsatisfactory remuneration. Meanwhile, the increasing attention given by the government and the demand for pre-hospital and in hospital emergency care were identified as future opportunities for growth of the specialty. Conclusion: Emergency medicine in Ethiopia faces multiple challenges as it is a new field in a resource limited setting. The challenges range from problems with acceptance to difficulties of patient disposition. In order to overcome these challenges, government level support and advocacy work among health sectors, physicians, and medical associations is imperative

Acidentes de transporte terrestre entre crianças, adolescentes e jovens: estudo epidemiológico / Transporte de accidente entre los niños, adolescentes y young: estudio epidemiológicos / Transportation accidents among children, adolescents and young people: epidemiological study

Objetivo: analisar acidentes de trânsito ocorridos com pessoas na faixa etária de 0 a 24 anos, atendidas no Pronto Socorro Municipal de Cuiabá em 2013. Método: Estudo transversal com dados capturados por meio de um formulário fechado. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio do Epi Info. Resultados: Dos 2.122 atendimentos, 67,9% foram do sexo masculino, com idade entre 15 e 24 anos (82,1%), e 49,7% ocorreram nos finais de semana, sendo que 9,6% ocorreram em dezembro, destacando-se os acidentes com motocicleta/triciclo (71,0%), prevalecendo trauma de membros superiores (30,4%) com sequela física imediata em 0,5% das vítimas. Em relação ao desfecho (95,7%), recebeu alta após o atendimento, e houve sete óbitos (0,3%). Conclusão: A ocorrência significativa de acidentes de trânsito atendidos pelo serviço de urgência e emergência em pauta, envolvendo a população do estudo, evidencia a necessidade de políticas e estratégias de prevenção específicas.

Objective: to analyze traffic accidents occurred in the age group 0-24 years treated at the Emergency Room of City Cuiabá in 2013. Method: Cross-sectional study with data captured through a closed form. Data analysis was done using Epi Info. Results: Of the 2,122 calls, 67.9% were males aged 15-24 years (82.1%) and 49.7% occurred on weekends, and 9.6% occurred in December, highlighting the accidents with motorcycle/tricycle (71.0%), prevailing trauma of the upper limbs (30.4%) with immediate physical sequelae in 0.5% of the victims. Regarding the outcome, (95.7%) were discharged after treatment, and there were 7 deaths (0.3%). Conclusion: The significant occurrence of traffic accidents attended by the emergency service and emergency at hand, involving the study population, highlights the need for specific policies and prevention strategies.

Objetivo: analizar los accidentes de tráfico se produjo en el grupo de edad de 0-24 años atendidos en la sala de emergencias de la ciudad de Cuiabá, en El año 2013. Método: Estudio transversal con datos capturados a través de una forma cerrada. El análisis de datos se realizó usando Epi Info. Resultados: De las 2.122 llamadas, el 67,9% fueron varones de 15-24 años (82,1%) y el 49,7% se produjeron los fines de semana, y corrieron 9,6% en diciembre, destacando- si los accidentes con motocicleta / triciclo (71,0%), predominando el trauma de las extremidades superiores (30,4%) con secuelas físicas inmediata en El 0,5% de las víctimas. En cuanto a los resultados (95,7%) fueron dados de alta después del tratamiento, y no hubo 7 muertes (0,3%). Conclusión: La presencia significativa de los accidentes de tráfico atendidos por el servicio de emergencia y de emergencia a la mano, con la participación de la población de estudio, pone de relieve la necesidad de políticas específicas y estrategias de prevención.

Characteristics of training and motivation of physicians working in emergency medicine

Summary Introduction: Emergency medicine is an area in which correct decisions often need to be made fast, thus requiring a well-prepared medical team. There is little information regarding the profile of physicians working at emergency departments in Brazil. Objective: To describe general characteristics of training and motivation of physicians working in the emergency departments of medium and large hospitals in Salvador, Brazil. Method: A cross-sectional study with standardized interviews applied to physicians who work in emergency units in 25 medium and large hospitals in Salvador. At least 75% of the professionals at each hospital were interviewed. One hospital refused to participate in the study. Results: A total of 659 physicians were interviewed, with a median age of 34 years (interquartile interval: 29-44 years), 329 (49.9%) were female and 96 (14.6%) were medical residents working at off hours. The percentage of physicians who had been trained with Basic Life Support, Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support and Advanced Trauma Life Support courses was 5.2, 18.4 and 11.0%, respectively, with a greater frequency of Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support training among younger individuals (23.6% versus 13.9%; p<0.001). Thirteen percent said they were completely satisfied with the activity, while 81.3% expressed a desire to stop working in emergency units in the next 15 years, mentioning stress levels as the main reason. Conclusion: The physicians interviewed had taken few emergency immersion courses. A low motivational level was registered in physicians who work in the emergency departments of medium and large hospitals in Salvador.

Consultas de niños pasibles de cuidados paliativos al Departamento de Emergencia Pediátrica del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell 2014- 2015 / Consultation of children in need of palliative care to the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center's, Pediatric Emergency Department 2014-2015

Introducción: la asistencia de niños con condiciones de salud pasibles de Cuidados Paliativos (CP) en servicios de emergencia pediátrica constituye un desafío para los equipos de salud. Objetivo: describir la prevalencia de consultas, problemas de salud y características de niños pasibles de CP asistidos en el Departamento de Emergencia Pediátrica del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo entre el 20/06/2014 y el 19/06/2015. Variables: edad, condición de salud, requerimiento de prótesis, motivo de consulta, existencia de: consulta previa, pediatra tratante, vinculación con Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos Pediátricos (UCPP), directivas anticipadas y condición al egreso. Resultados: se incluyeron 175 niños pasibles de CP. Éstos significaron 0,7% (340/ 46.706) de las consultas en el período analizado. Mediana de edad: 5,7 años, (1 mes - 16 años). Presentaban afectación neurológica severa 65%; portaban prótesis o dispositivo de tecnología médica 50,3% (11% más de una); consultaron por infecciones 42% (respiratoria 81%), problemas neurológicos 20,3% (convulsiones 87%). Presentaban consulta previa por igual motivo 93%. Refirieron: contar con pediatra tratante 66,3%; estar vinculados con la UCPP 42,3%; contaban con directivas anticipadas 20%. Ingresaron a: cuidados moderados 39%; terapia intensiva 2%. No se registraron fallecimientos. Conclusiones: se constataron diversas situaciones y características de los pacientes incluidos que traducen la complejidad de su condición clínica y eventuales dificultades para el abordaje en el primer nivel de atención o en sus departamentos de procedencia.

Introduction: the assistance of children in need of Palliative Care (CP) in pediatric emergency services is a challenge for health teams. Objective: To describe the prevalence of consultations, health problems and characteristics of children in need of PC assisted in the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center Pediatric Emergency Department. Methodology: descriptive, retrospective study between 20/06/ 2014- 19/06/2015. Variables: age, health condition, prosthesis, previous consultation, attending pediatrician, relation with Pediatric Palliative Care Unit (UCPP), advanced care plan and condition at discharge. Results: 175 children in need of PC were included which represented 0.7% (340 / 46,706) of consultations in the period. Median age: 5.7 years (1 month - 16 years); 65% had severe neurological impairment; 50.3% carried prosthesis or medical technological devices (11% more than one); reason for consultation was: 42% infections, 42% (81% respiratory), 20. 3% neurological problems (87% seizures); 93% presented a previous consultation for the same reason; 66.3% reported having an attending pediatrician; 42.3% were under UCPP assistance; 20% had advanced care plan. At discharge: 39% were admitted in moderate care; 2% in intensive care. No deaths were recorded. Conclusion: the different situations and characteristics of the patients included represent the complexity of their clinical condition and may be related to possible difficulties in addressing their problems at the primary care level or their provinces of origin.

An evaluation of the professional, social and demographic profile and quality of life of physicians working at the Prehospital Emergency Medical System (SAMU) in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of physicians working at the Prehospital Emergency Medical System (SAMU) in Brazil and to evaluate their quality of life. METHODS: Both a semi-structured questionnaire with 57 questions and the SF-36 questionnaire were sent to research departments within SAMU in the Brazilian state capitals, the Federal District and inland towns in Brazil. RESULTS: Of a total of 902 physicians, including 644 (71.4%) males, 533 (59.1%) were between 30 and 45 years of age and 562 (62.4%) worked in a state capital. Regarding education level, 45.1% had graduated less than five years before and only 43% were specialists recognized by the Brazilian Medical Association. Regarding training, 95% did not report any specific training for their work at SAMU. The main weaknesses identified were psychiatric care and surgical emergencies in 57.2 and 42.9% of cases, respectively; traumatic pediatric emergencies, 48.9%; and medical emergencies, 42.9%. As for procedure-related skills, the physicians reported difficulties in pediatric advanced support (62.4%), airway surgical access (45.6%), pericardiocentesis (64.4%) and thoracentesis (29.9%). Difficulties in using an artificial ventilator (43.3%) and in transcutaneous pacing (42.2%) were also reported. Higher percentages of young physicians, aged 25-30 years (26.7 vs 19.0%; p<0.01), worked exclusively in prehospital care (18.0 vs 7.7%; p<0.001), with workloads >48 h per week (12.8 vs 8.6%; p<0.001), and were non-specialists with the shortest length of service (<1 year) at SAMU (30.1 vs 18.2%; p<0.001) who were hired without having to pass public service exams* (i.e., for a temporary job) (61.8 vs 46.2%; p<0.001). Regarding quality of life, the pain domain yielded the worst result among physicians at SAMU. CONCLUSIONS: The doctors in this sample were young and within a few years of graduation, and they had no specific training in prehospital emergencies. Deficiencies ...

Conocimiento de escalas de evaluación inicial de accidente cerebrovascular por médicos de guardia en tres provincias argentinas / Awareness of initial stoke evaluation scales among emergency room physicians in three argentinian provinces

Introducción: las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyeron en 2004 la causa más frecuente de muerte en Argentina,duplicando a las neoplasias malignas en su conjunto. El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) representó el7,5% del total de muertes. La Asociación Americana del Corazón propone el empleo de la escala prehospitalaria delaccidente cerebrovascular de Cincinnati (CPSS) y la escala de evaluación prehospitalaria del ACV de Los Ángeles(LAPSS) para evaluar sujetos con posible ACV.Objetivos: evaluar el conocimiento de estas escalas por médicos de guardia, y su opinión respecto al valor que ellaspodrían tener sobre su práctica.Material y método: estudio prospectivo y observacional encuestando 569 médicos durante diciembre de 2008 amarzo 2009 en distintas ciudades de las provincias de Santa Fe, Entre Ríos y Chaco, Argentina.Resultados: un 32,3% manifestó conocer las escalas, pero solamente 8,4% de ellos pudo enumerar los puntos deCPSS, un 1,9% pudo hacerlo con LAPSS y el 0,7% ambas. Quienes recordaban una o ambas escalas manifestaronsentirse más seguros al evaluar un posible ACV (p= 0,02); ninguno de los que recordaban LAPSS manifestó sentirseinseguro. Quienes se sentían menos seguros fueron los que atribuyeron más beneficios a las escalas (p= 0,0003).Los no especialistas las consideraron más útiles (p= 0,005). El 89% refirió que las escalas beneficiarían su práctica.Conclusiones: ambas escalas fueron consideradas de valor por médicos de guardia para evaluar pacientes con posibleACV. Enfatizamos la necesidad de una mayor difusión de ellas a fin de mejorar el abordaje inicial de estos pacientes.

Introduction: In 2004, the most frequent cause of death in Argentina was cardiovascular disease, which almost duplicated all types of malignant neoplasm. Cerebrovascular disease caused 7.5% of total deaths. The American Heart Association proposes the use of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) and Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS) toevaluate patients with possible cerebrovascular disease. Objective: To evaluate the awareness of these scales knowledge among doctors working in emergency rooms and prehospitalconsultation, and what are their opinions about the usefulness of the scales.Material and method: Observational and prospective survey of 569 doctors from the Argentinian provinces of Santa Fe,Entre Rios, and Chaco from December 2008 to March 2009. Results: One third (32.3%) of doctors included in the mentioned survey declared to know the scales, although only 8.4% of them could enumerate CPSS points, 1.9% could enumerate LAPSS points and 0.7% remembered both CPSS andLAPSS points. Those who remembered either one or both scales felt safer evaluating a possible stroke (p= 0.02) while and no doctor who remembered LAPSS felt doubtful. Those who felt more hesitant where the doctors who adscribed more benefits to the scales (p= 0.0003). Non specialists considered scales more useful (p= 0.005). Overall, 89% of doctors admitted scales would benefit their practice. Conclusion: Both scales were highly valued by doctors on call in order to diagnose patients with possible stroke. We stress the need of a bigger widespread coverage of these scales in order to improve the initial approach for managing these patients.

Características dos atendimentos realizados pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência no município de Catanduva, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, 2006 a 2012 / Characteristics of care provided by the Emergency Mobile Care Service in the municipality of Catanduva, São Paulo state, Brazil, 2006-2012

Objetivo: descrever o perfil dos atendimentos realizados pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) no município de Catanduva, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: estudo descritivo utilizando o banco de dados da regulação médica do SAMU de Catanduva-SP, referente aos atendimentos realizados entre janeiro de 2006 e agosto de 2012. Resultados: foram estudadas 76.296 ocorrências, a maior parte de indivíduos do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 46,9 anos (desvio padrão = 25,3 anos); os tipos de ocorrência mais frequentes foram os agravos clínicos (50,7 por cento), seguidos pelos cirúrgicos e causas externas (26,8 por cento); a Unidade de Suporte Avançado de Vida (USA) foi utilizada em 11 por cento das ocorrências, nas quais, em sua maioria, os usuários foram removidos para hospital terciário (64,3 por cento). Conclusão: os atendimentos revelam tendência hospitalocêntrica e regulação médica falha, com predomínio de encaminhamento a hospital terciário.

Objective: to describe the profile of care provided by the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) of the municipality of Catanduva, São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: a descriptive study of the Catanduva SAMU medical case urgency screening database of call-outs made between January 2006 and August 2012. Results: 76,296 occurrences were studied. The predominant sex was male (49.9 per cent) with average age of 46.9 years. Clinical disorders were the most frequent type of occurrence (50.7 per cent) followed by surgery and external causes (26.8 per cent). The Advanced Life Support Unit was used in 11 per cent of cases. Most patients were admitted to tertiary hospitals (64.3 per cent). Conclusion: The care provided by Catanduva SAMU has a high tendency of referring patients to tertiary hospitals. Medical case urgency screening therefore has shortcomings.

Ultrasonografía de urgencia: informe epidemiológico / Ultrasonography in emergency medicine: an epidemiologic trial

La evaluación ultrasonográfica en situaciones de dolor abdominal agudo, no traumático permite una apreciación rápida y precisa, diferencia aquéllas situaciones que ameritan cirugía inmediata de aquellas que no y pueden manejarse con tratamiento médico. La USG está indicada específicamente para la evaluación de pacientes con sospecha de apendicitis aguda, colecistitis aguda, colangitis ascendente y abscesos hepáticos. Es necesario establecer con precisión cuándo y a quién realizar dicho método de imagenes sin dejar de lado a la información clínica

Análisis de factores de riesgo para morbi mortalidad en pacientes mayores de 80 años de edad tratados por patología quirúrgica electiva o de urgencia / Analysis of risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients aged over 80 years coursing with pathologies secondary to elective or emergency surgery

Objetivo. Evaluar en un grupo de pacientes de más de 80 años de edad, sometidos a cirugía mayor, los factores de riesgo que pudieran incidir en la morbimortalidad. Diseño. Estudio prospectivo, observacional, longitudinal y descriptivo inferencial conducido entre septiembre de 1995 y septiembre de 1996. Sede. Hospital de tercer nivel de atención (especialidades). Pacientes y métodos. El grupo 1 estuvo constituido por 20 pacientes sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos electivos, el grupo 2 estuvo conformado por 60 pacientes sometidos a cirugía de urgencia. Evaluamos las siguientes variables: Edad, sexo, tipo de cirugía, condición física (clasificación de ASA), estimación general del índice de riesgo cardiaco (Clasificación Goldman), condición nutricional, problemas clínicos asociados, condiciones hemodinámicas preoperatorias, complicaciones postoperatorias (médicas y quirúrgicas) y mortalidad. Análisis estadístico. Prueba de chi cuadrada, prueba exacta de Fisher y se estimaron el riesgo relativo (RR) e intervalos de confianza (IC) al 95 por ciento. La mortalidad fue del 20 y 48 por ciento en los grupos 1 y 2 respectivamente. Las causas más frecuentes de muerte fueron falla orgánica múltiple e insuficiencia respiratoria. Conclusiones. Los pacientes más ancianos tienen múltiples factores en su contra, no sólo por la edad, los pacientes del sexo masculino tuvieron más tendencia a la morbi-mortalidad, los problemas clínicos asociados reducen las condiciones generales de salud y la reserva cardiopulmonar. La cirugía de urgencia, la presencia de hipoalbuminemia y la hipotensión transoperatoria también inducen mayor morbi-mortalidad. Es necesario identificar aquellos pacientes con factores de riesgo que puedan ser corregidos antes de la cirugía, aquellos pacientes con cuadros agudos se lese debe dar consideraciones especiales y evitar la hipotensión transoperatoria

Insuficiencia renal aguda en pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente / Acute renal failure in surgical patients

Antecedentes: La insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA) suele ser una complicación en los pacientes sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico, misma que puede presentarse en un paciente con función renal normal o en aquel con daño renal estable. Se conoce que aproximadamente entre el 2 y 5 por ciento de los pacientes hospitalizados desarrollan IRA. Se han reportado varios factores de riesgo, entre los cuales tenemos: edad avanzada, daño renal previo, sexo masculino, enfermedades crónico-degenerativas, y uso de fármacos nefrotóxicos, entre otros. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de IRA en pacientes sometidos a cirugía, en el Hospital Regional 1o. de Octubre, ISSSTE, México, DF. Metodología: Se incluyeron en el estudio 460 pacientes, 142 hombres y 318 mujeres, con edades entre 15 y 90 años, de los servicios de cirugía general, ginecoobstetricia, traumatología y ortopedia, unidad de cuidados intensivos y unidad de cuidados coronarios. Se distribuyeron en 13 grupos que comprendieron: cirugía electiva, cirugía de urgencia, asociados o no a diabetes mellitus (DM), hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS) y embarazo. A todos se les realizó perfil básico de laboratorio preoperatorio y determinación de azoados en el posquirúrgico mediato. A quienes desarrollaron IRA se les realizó depuración de creatinina y seguimiento del caso. Resultados: Del total de la población el 2.6 por ciento desarrollaron IRA. De ellos, 58.3 por ciento eran el sexo femenino y 41.6 por ciento del sexo masculino. El 91.6 por ciento eran mayores de 60 años. Al 50 por ciento se les realizó cirugía de urgencia. El 41.6 por ciento tenían el trastorno asociado a enfermedades crónico-degenerativas. El 91.7 por ciento presentaron hemorragia transoperatoria mayor o igual a 500 ml, y el 25 por ciento tenían daño renal previo. El 58.3 por ciento fueron sometidos a cirugía ortopédica, 41.6 por ciento abdominal y 16.6 por ciento cardiovascular. Conclusiones: Por los resultados anteriores concluimos que debe evaluarse el riesgo-beneficio del tratamiento quirúrgico en el paciente de edad avanzada que tiene deterioro fisiológico en su función renal y que es sometido a cirugía ortopédica, la cual se caracteriza por tener un tiempo quirúrgico y anestésico prolongados, y cursar con hemorragia transoperatoria considrable...

Abdomen agudo traumático en el niño: presentación de 50 casos / Acute abdominal injury in children: report of 50 cases

Las lesiones traumáticas en menores de 15 años han aumentado en la última década; en los países desarrollados con la primera causa de muerte accidental; el traumatismo abdominal sólo es precedido por las quemaduras y los traumatismos craneoencefálicos: Revisamos los expedientes de 50 años admitidos en el servicio de Cirugía pediátrica del Hospital Regional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, con diagnóstico de traumatismo abdominal en los últimos 12 años. Se analizaron: edad, sexo, causa de traumatismo, amnifestaciones clínicas, sitio u órgano lesionado, procedimientos quirúrgicos empleados, clasificación del traumatismo, lesiones asociadas, paracentesis diagnóstica, estudios radiológicos y morbiletalidad. Se hicieron dos grupos con base en su manejo: los sometidos a una operación de urgencia y los que respondieron a tratamiento médico