Gastritis enfisematosa. Reporte de un caso en el adulto mayor / Emphysematous gastritis. Report of a case in the elderly

Introducción: la gastritis enfisematosa es una patología poco común pero con alta mortalidad, su presentación clínica es insidiosa, la imagen por tomografía se distingue por un patrón de burbujas lineales con engrosamiento de la pared gástrica. Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 78 años, previamente sano, funcional, que fue ingresado por fractura pertrocantérica de cadera izquierda, quien durante la hospitalización presenta delirium hiperactivo, distención abdominal con disminución de perístalsis además de hipotensión arterial, se realiza tomografía abdominal con evidencia de dilatación gástrica y múltiples burbujas de aire en pared. Es manejado con antibiótico de amplio espectro, fluidoterapia y nutrición parenteral, con respuesta favorable.Conclusiones: la edad avanzada no conlleva por sí misma un peor pronóstico de la enfermedad, la evidencia apoya que un diagnóstico precoz y la intervención terapéutica temprana, son las medidas que han demostrado ser efectivas para la disminución de la mortalidad en pacientes con gastritis enfisematosa

Introduction: Emphysematous gastritis is an uncommon pathology but with high mortality, its clinical presentation is insidious, the tomography image is distinguished by a pattern of linear bubbles with thickening of the gastric wall.Background: This is a 78-year-old male, previously healthy, functional, who was admitted for pertrochanteric fracture of the left hip, who during hospitalization presented hyperactive delirium, abdominal distention with decreased perstalsis in addition to arterial hypotension, an abdominal tomography with evidence of gastric dilation and multiple air bubbles in the wall. He is managed with a broad spectrum antibiotic, fluid therapy and parenteral nutrition, with a favorable response.Conclusions: Advanced age does not in itself lead to a worse disease prognosis, the evidence supports that early diagnosis and early therapeutic intervention are the easures that have proven to be more effective in reducing mortality in patients with emphysematous gastritis.

Diagnosis and treatment for emphysematous pyelonephritis: analysis of 14 cases from a single centre / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To examine the modalities of treatment and clinical outcomes of emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN), in order to improve the survival rate of EPN patients. Methods: Totally 14 patients diagnosed as EPN between October 2011 and November 2020 at Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine were included in this article. Data collection including patient demographics, clinical manifestations, management and clinical outcomes were conducted by retrospective charts review, after receiving the institutional review board's approval. There were 11 females and 3 males with a median age of 59 years (range: 52 to 73 years). The lesions were located on the left side in 10 patients and right side in 4 patients. All the 14 patients suffered from fever, and present with severe sepsis or septic shock. The median time from symptom onset to admission to hospital was 3 days(range: 2 to 5 days). All cases had diabetes mellitus. Escherichia coli was the most common organism been cultured (11 cases), while Klebsiella pneumonia was the second (3 cases). CT scan showed bubbly or located gas in the renal parenchyma in 5 cases and presence of steaky or mottled gas in the renal parenchyma in 9 cases. All patients had been admitted to ICU for anti-septic shock therapy. Three patients had undergone percutaneous catheter drainage along with broad-spectrum antibiotics therapy while 3 patients had immediate nephrectomy, the other 8 cases had a combination of an initial percutaneous catheter drainage and second stage nephrectomy. Results: In this case series, 3 patients were died from EPN while the other 11 were survived. The median ICU stay time was 6 days (range: 3 to 11 days). Of the 3 patients died from EPN, 2 had undergone percutaneous catheter drainage along and 1 had received immediate nephrectomy. Among the 11 patients who were survived, only 1 had received percutaneous catheter drainage while the other 10 received nephrectomy (8 patients had staged nephrectomy). Follow-up was performed 6 months after discharge. Of the 11 surviving patients, 2 were lost to follow-up, and the remaining 9 patients had an creatine level of (118.4±29.4) μmol/L (range: 89 to 176 μmol/L). Conclusions: For patients coupled with diabetes who were initially diagnosed as acute pyelonephritis, the possibility of EPN should be considered when the disease progressed rapidly especially septic shock occurred. On the basis of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics therapy and standardized anti-septic shock treatment, a combination of an initial percutaneous catheter drainage and second stage nephrectomy could be efficacious.

Utilização de células-tronco derivadas da medula óssea: terapia viável para doenças pulmonares obstrutivas crônicas? / Use of bone marrow stem cells: feasible therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Doenças pulmonares obstrutivas crônicas acarretam em redução na qualidade de vida dos portadores e altos gastos ao sistema público de saúde. Na maioria dos casos, o tratamento destas enfermidades envolve apenas medidas paliativas, o que as tornam grandes alvos de pesquisa com terapia celular. As células-tronco têm capacidade de se diferenciar em todos os tecidos que compõem o organismo devido à plasticidade, e sua ação na regeneração tecidual é comprovada apesar do mecanismo não estar totalmente elucidado. Células-tronco foram, em princípio, pesquisadas como panacéias para doenças neurológicas, cardiovasculares e diabetes. Os resultados favoráveis à utilização dessa terapia nestes sistemas impulsionaram pesquisas em doenças pulmonares obstrutivas crônicas, como enfisema, fibrose cística e fibrose pulmonar idiopática.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been targets of cell therapy research, because they decrease life quality, cost a lot to the public health system and can only be treated with palliative protocols. The stem cells are capable of differentiating into all body tissues, according to their plasticity, and its action in tissue regeneration is established, although the mechanism is not fully elucidated. Stem cells were initially investigated as panaceas for diabetes as well as for neurological and cardiovascular diseases. The positive results obtained with stem cell therapy in these systems stimulated research about its use for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, such as emphysema, cystic fibrosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Enfisema orbitário compressivo após asseio nasal: relato de caso / Sight-threatening orbital emphysema after nose blowing: case report

O enfisema orbitário é caracterizado pela presença anormal de ar na órbita. Sua ocorrência espontânea não é frequente e a maioria dos casos está associada à fratura de órbita. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino de 40 anos com quadro de enfisema orbitário unilateral, secundário a asseio vigoroso do nariz. A paciente evoluiu com redução aguda da acuidade visual em decorrência de elevação da pressão intraocular, sendo indicado tratamento de urgência. Foi realizada punção orbitária com agulha 24-gauge próximo à região da incisura supraorbital, com melhora imediata do quadro clínico e recuperação da acuidade visual.

Orbital emphysema is the abnormal presence of air in the orbit. Occurrence in the absence of orbital fracture is rare. We report a case of a 40-year-old female presenting unilateral orbital emphysema after vigorous nose blowing. She developed sudden visual loss as a result of elevated intraocular pressure and urgent treatment was required. She underwent an orbital decompression, performed using a 24-gauge needle puncture adjacent to the supraorbital notch. After treatment, she reported considerable decrease of symptoms.

[Conservative treatment of emphysematous pyelonephritis. Case report]

We report the case of a 49-year-old diabetic patient with emphysematous pyelonephritis. Taking into consideration the patient's young age, renal failure and the absence of large parenchymatous lesions, we decided on conservative treatment consisting of percutaneous drainage and antibiotics. Based on our case and a review of the literature we discuss the various treatment modalities

Pneumotórax e enfisema intersticial pulmonar: tratamento com oclusäo brônquica seletiva e ventilaçäo de alta freqüência / Pneumothorax and pulmonary intersticial emphysema: treatment with selective bronchial occlusion and high frequency ventilation

Objetivo: Relatar o uso da técnica de oclusäo seletiva de brônquio fonte com um cateter baläo, associada à ventilaçäo de alta freqüência, para o tratamento bem sucedido de um pneumotórax hipertensivo persistente à esquerda e enfisema intersticial grave. Métodos: Um recém-nascido com 20 horas de vida foi encaminhado para nossa UTI para tratamento de desconforto respiratório gravae e falência hemodinâmica após ocorrência de pneumotórax hipertensivo espontâneo à esquerda. O paciente piorou, apesar de ter sido colocado em ventilaçäo mecânica convencional, recebido reposiçäo hídrica e infusäo de drogas vasoativas. Por esse motivo, ele foi submetido à oclusäo seletiva de brônquio fonte esquerdo, uma medida que pode ser efetiva para interrupçäo do fluxo de gás para o pulmäo afetado, em situaçöes de lesäo pulmonar e escape aéreo. Para evitar o agravamento do enfisema intersticial e do escape de ar, essa medida foi associada à ventilaçäo de alta freqüência, caracterizada pela utilizaçäo de volumes correntes muito reduzidos, abaixo da capacidade resudual funcinal, e indicada nos casos de insuficiência respiratória aguda, associada à síndrome do extravasamento do gás alveolar. Resultados: Após ser submetido à oclusäo seletiva do brônquio fonte esquerdo e à ventilaçäo de alta freqüência, a evoluçäo do paciente foi favorável, com recuperaçäo respiratória e hemodinâmica. Conclusäo: A oclusäo do brônquio fonte esquerdo permitiu a ventilaçäo seletiva do pulmäo contralateral, e a ventilaçäo de alta freqüência proporcionou a manutençäo de oxigenaçäo e ventilaçäo adequada, diminuindo o risco de lesäo pulmonar, proporcionando a recuperaçäo do enfisema.