Ultrasonographic aspects of the gallbladder mucocele in 30 dogs: retrospective study / Aspectos ultrassonográficos da mucocele biliar em 30 cães: estudo retrospectivo

Gallbladder mucocele is characterized by hyperplasia of the gallbladder epithelium, increased mucus production, accumulation, and densification of the bile content, which can lead to biliary obstruction, necrosis, and rupture of the gallbladder wall. Its finding may be accidental or related to symptoms. A retrospective study (2016-2019) was carried out based on abdominal ultrasound examinations in dogs, correlating aspects of the gallbladder and biliary system in the mucocele with existing comorbidities. Thirty dogs diagnosed with biliary mucocele were evaluated, of which 46.66% had the disease at an early stage, and 53.33% showed a more advanced stage. Of these, 66.66% were related to endocrinopathies and hyperadrenocorticism. Signs of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction and biliary peritonitis were observed in two animals. Due to their potential risk of complications, follow-up ultrasound assessments are indicated in cases that opt for clinical treatment, not excluding the need for surgical intervention.(AU)

A mucocele biliar caracteriza-se pela hiperplasia do epitélio da vesícula biliar, aumento da produção de muco, acúmulo e densificação do conteúdo biliar, podendo levar à obstrução, necrose e ruptura da parede da vesícula biliar. Seu achado pode ser acidental ou estar relacionado à sintomatologia. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo (2016-2019) a partir de exames ultrassonográficos abdominais em cães, correlacionando os aspectos da vesícula biliar na mucocele, com comorbidades existentes. Foram avaliados 30 cães com diagnóstico de mucocele biliar, dos quais 46,66% apresentaram a doença em estágio inicial e 53,33% demonstraram estágio mais avançado. Destes, 66,66% tinham endocrinopatias, principalmente hiperadrenocorticismo. Sinais de obstrução de vias biliares extra-hepáticas e peritonite biliar foram observados em dois animais. Por seu potencial risco de complicação, avaliações ultrassonográficas de seguimento são indicadas nos casos de tratamento clínico, não se descartando a necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica.(AU)

Aplicaciones actuales de las técnicas radioisotópicas en la patología endocrinológica / Current applications of radioisotopic techniques in endocrinological pathology

Nuclear Endocrinology was the first clinical use of radionuclides, five decades ago. From those days to the present, nuclear medicine has a definitive role in the diagnosis of a great variety of clinical situations, from the very frequent thyroid nodule to the unusual neuroendocrine tumors, including parathyroid hyperfunctioning tissue. Radioiodine I131 still remains a very effective treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer and whole body scan with I131 in conjunction with seric Tyroglobulin level are the main follow-up strategies for these tumors. New techniques, like positron emission tomography (PET) and newer radiolabeled peptides, among others, will offer a molecular approach to the 21st century clinical nuclear medicine.

Se presentan las principales indicaciones actuales de los estudios radioisotópicos en endocrinología clínica, y su situación relativa con el resto de las técnicas de imagen no invasivas disponibles en nuestro medio. Se discuten brevemente las nuevas aplicaciones terapéuticas y su potencial desarrollo.