Clasificación morfológica de células endoteliales de venas del cordón umbilical humano en imágenes digitales de cultivos in vitro / Morphological classification of endothelial cells of veins from the human umbilical cord in digital images of in vitro cultures

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal desde julio hasta octubre de 2017, por especialistas de la Universidad de Oriente y de la Universidad de Sao Paulo, Brasil, para analizar desde el punto de vista morfológico células endoteliales de venas del cordón umbilical humano, presentes en imágenes digitales de cultivos in vitro 2D, tratadas con la ß2GPI. . Se propuso la clasificación supervisada celular considerando 3 clases: circulares, deformadas alargadas y deformadas poco alargadas, según los coeficientes de formas elíptico y circular, todo lo cual permitió identificar formas celulares relevantes. Para comparar los resultados de las muestras de control y las tratadas, se calcularon los intervalos de confianza para cada una de las clases, con un nivel de confianza de 95 por ciento. Se concluye que el análisis de las alteraciones morfológicas in vitro puede ser utilizada en cultivos 2D precoces (de 24 y 48 horas) para la cuantificación de la angiogénesis

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out from July to October, 2017, by specialists of the Oriente University and the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, to analyze from the morphological point of view endothelial cells of the human umbilical cord veins, which were present in digital images of 2D in vitro cultures, treated with the ß2GPI. The cellular supervised classification was proposed considering 3 classes: circular, distorted elongated and distorted not very elongated, according to the coefficients of elliptic and circular shapes, all that allowed to identify outstanding cellular forms. To compare the results of the control and treated samples, the intervals of confidence were calculated for each of the classes, with a 95 percent level of confidence. It was concluded that the analysis of the morphological disorders in vitro can be used in early 2D cultures (24 and 48 hours) for the quantification of the angiogenesis

Ultrastructure features of coronary artery endothelium in bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) / Características ultraestructurales del endotelio de las arterias coronarias en el camello bactriano (Camelus bactrianus)

Vascular endothelium play an essential role in regulating endothelial functions by maintaining normal vascular tone, modulating hemostasis, and preventing thromobogenesis. The aim of present study was to reveal ultrastructure features of coronary artery endothelium in Bactrian Camels by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) technology. The results showed that the endothelial cells distribute along the direction of blood flow. Their morphology and protuberant degree towards luminal surface vary for different parts of the coronary artery. The luminal surface of a.c oronaria sinistra and a. coronaria dextra was covered by impaired and intact endothelium, respectively. Platelets and leukocytes sticking to the endothelium were found.

Las células endoteliales de los vasos sanguíneos juegan un rol esencial en la regulación de las funciones endoteliales manteniendo el tono vascular, modulando la homeostasis y previniendo la trombogénesis. En la investigación se utilizó un microscopio electrónico de barrido, revelando las características estructurales de las células endoteliales de los vasos coronarios de los camellos bactrianos. Los resultados indican que las células endoteliales estaban distribuidas a lo largo de la dirección de flujo. En distintas partes de la arteria coronaria existen diferencias en el grado de proyección de la morfología y de la superficie de la cavidad de dichas células. La superficie luminal de la arteria coronaria izquierda y la arteria coronaria derecha estaban cubiertas por endotelio deteriorado e intacto, respectivamente. Se observó adhesión de leucocitos y plaquetas en la superficie de las células endoteliales.

Heterogeneidade da célula endotelial como provável explicação para a diversidade funcional e fisiopatológica da reatividade vascular / Heterogeneity of the endothelial cell as a probable explanation to the pathophysiological and functional diversity of the vascular reactivity

O endotélio é um órgão que está envolvido em vários processos fisiológicos, principalmente para manter o fluxo de sangue. Células endoteliais (CEs) não ativadas expressam atividades anticoagulantes, antiaderentes e vasodilatadoras, enquanto células endoteliais ativadas expressam atividades pró-adesivas, pró-coagulantes e vasoconstritoras. Estas características variam em diferentes áreas da árvore vascular, em diferentes espécies animais e se expressam em diferentes momentos. As CEs demonstraram notável heterogeneidade na estrutura e função, pois constantemente moldam-se às necessidades do tecido local, adaptando-se a vários microambientes diferentes. Portanto, devido ao endotélio ser um órgão tão ativo e complexo como qualquer outro órgão do corpo humano, é necessário estudar e caracterizar seus componentes isoladamente, pois a heterogeneidade das células endoteliais não é somente uma caracterização de fenótipos celulares existentes, mas sim uma importante propriedade. O objetivo desta revisão é atualizar os conceitos de heterogeneidade do endotélio, a sua influência na regulação da hemostasia e da fisiopatologia das doenças vasculares específicas de diferentes leitos vasculares.

The endothelium is an organ involved in several physiological processes, mainly to maintain the flow of blood. Activated endothelial cells express anticoagulant activity, non-adhesion, and vasodilators, while non-activated endothelial cells (ECs) express pro-adhesive activities, procoagulant and vasoconstrictor. These characteristics vary in different areas of the vascular tree in different animal species and are expressed at different times. The ECs demonstrate remarkable heterogeneity in structure and function, for they constantly shape themselves to the needs of the local tissue adapting themselves to many different microenvironments. Therefore, because the endothelium is an organ as active and complex as any other organ in the human body, it is necessary to study and characterize its components separately, since the heterogeneity of endothelial cells is not only a characterization of existing cellular phenotypes, but indeed an important property The aim of this review is to update the concepts of heterogeneity of the endothelium, its influence in the adjustment of hemostasis and the pathophysiology of specific vascular diseases of different vascular regions.

Ultrastructural evidences for endothelial cell - leukocytes interactions: margination and migration / Evidencias ultraestructurales de las interacciones células endoteliales - leucocitos: marginación y migración

Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions have a pivotal role in immune responses. In our study Ten adult Wistar albino rats weighing 180-200 g were used to obtain tissue samples. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation under ether anesthesia. The lymph nodes of the animals were then quickly removed. Specimens were immersed in the zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide (ZIO) solutation by Niebauer et al. (1969) and kept in the dark for 2 hours in this solution from temperature for fixation/staining. Samples were processed according to routine plastic embedding tecnique. Semi thin sections of 1µm thick were cut and stained with methilene blue-azure II for light microscopic examination. We used zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide staining technique to distinguish endothelial cell from leukocytes. Present data supports the understanding of this unique relationship as documented by figures.

Las interacciones entre células endoteliales y leucocitos tienen un papel fundamental en la respuesta inmune. Se utilizaron 10 ratas albinas Wistar, adultas, con peso entre 180-200 g, para obtener muestras de tejido. Los animales fueron sacrificados por decapitación bajo anestesia con éter. Inmediatamente, los nodos linfáticos de los animales fueron removidos. Las muestras se sumergieron en tetraóxido de osmio-yoduro de zinc (ZIO), solución de Niebauer et al. (1969), manteniéndose en oscuridad durante 2 horas, a temperatura de fijación/tinción. Las muestras fueron tratadas de cuerdo a la rutina de la técnica de inserción en plástico. Para el examen microscópico de luz, se tiñeron con Azur-II - Azul de metileno secciones de corte semifinos de 1µm de grosor. Se utilizó la técnica tinción tetraóxido de osmio-yoduro de zinc para distinguir las células endoteliales de los leucocitos. Los datos presentados apoyan la comprensión de esta relación única.