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1.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2014 Dec ; 51(6): 467-475
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-156525

ABSTRACT

Guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins (G proteins) play a key role in the regulation of various signal transduction systems, including adenylyl cyclase/cAMP and phospholipase C (PLC)/phosphatidyl inositol (PI) turnover, which are implicated in the modulation of a variety of physiological functions, such as platelet functions, including platelet aggregation, secretion, and clot formation and cardiovascular functions, including arterial tone and reactivity. Several abnormalities in adenylyl cyclase activity, cAMP levels and G proteins have been shown to be responsible for the altered cardiac performance and vascular functions observed in cardiovascular disease states. The enhanced or unaltered levels of inhibitory G proteins (Giα) and mRNA have been reported in different models of hypertension, whereas Gsα levels are shown to be unaltered. The enhanced levels of Giα proteins precede the development of blood pressure and suggest that overexpression of Gi proteins may be one of the contributing factors for the pathogenesis of hypertension. The levels of vasoactive peptides including ET-1 and Ang II and growth factors are augmented in hypertension and contribute to the enhanced expression of Giα proteins in hypertension. In addition, oxidative stress due to enhanced levels of Ang II and ET-1 is enhanced in hypertension and may also be responsible for the enhanced expression of Giα proteins observed in hypertension. Furthermore, Ang II- and ET-1-induced transactivation of growth factor receptor through the activation of MAP kinase signaling is also shown to contribute to the augmented levels of Giα in hypertension. Thus, it appears that the enhanced levels of vasoactive peptides by increasing oxidative stress and transactivation growth factor receptors enhance MAP kinase activity that contribute to the enhanced expression of Giα proteins responsible for the pathogenesis of hypertension. In this review, we describe the role of vasoactive peptides and the signaling mechanisms responsible for the enhanced expression of Giα proteins in hypertension.


Subject(s)
Angiotensin II/immunology , Animals , Blood Pressure/immunology , Blood Vessels/immunology , Endothelin-1/immunology , GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits/immunology , /immunology , Humans , Hypertension/immunology , Models, Cardiovascular , Models, Immunological , Oxidative Stress/immunology , Signal Transduction/immunology , Vasomotor System/immunology
2.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 7(5): 394-403, oct. 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-293799

ABSTRACT

La reestenosis coronaria (RC) después de angiplastia en un problema de salud pública, que implica un altisimo costo. Los mecanismos son: a)trombosis. b)retroceso elástico, c)remodelación, d)hiperplasia intinal. Los tres primeros han sido contrarestados por el uso de stents, antiagregantes plaquetarios y de los inhibidores de la glucoproteina IIb/IIa, sin una disminución importante de la reestenosis coronaria. La hiperplasia intimal se ha atribuido a sustancias como los factores de crecimiento, la angiotensina II y la endotelina 1. Los 2 primeros han sido bloqueados en forma moderada sin impacto sobre la reestenosis coronaria. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó angioplastia coronaria (ACTP) a 2 grupos de cerdos: Grupo I: sometidos a la inyección intracoronaria de 1 mgr/kg de peso de anticuerpos policlonales contra la Endotelina 1 y Grupo II sometidos a la inyección intracoronaria de placebo. Se observaron durante 4 semans y luego se sacrificaron para obtener cortes de las arterias coronarias en segmentos traumatizados y no traumatizados con balón (proximal y distal); los cortes se sometieron a la evaluación del Score de Schwartz para trauma arterial y al análisis histomorfométrico de los diversos diámetros y áreas arteriales y las diversas capas vasculares. Se evaluaron 47 especímenes arteriales, 23 en el grupo I y 24 en el grupo II. Resultados: No hubo diferencia significativa entre los resultados en diámetro luminal, diámetro del vaso, área del lumén, área de la capa media, área de la adventicia entre ambos grupos. se encontró una disminución muy significativa del área de la neointima (ANI) entre ambos grupos, siendo menor en el grupo I (0.89 +/- 0.34 Vs 1.53+1.16 p<0.028) que se hace mayor al analizar los especímenes con Score II en ambos grupos (P<0.000001). Los índices de ANI/área lumén y ANI/área del vaso son también significativamente menores en el grupo I. Conclusión: El uso intracoronario de anticuerpos antiendotelina 1, inmediatamente antes de la angioplastia en cerdos, previene el crecimiento de la neointima como respuesta al trauma arterial, esto sugiere un papel patogénico de la Endotelina 1 en la reación arterial y probablemente en la reestenosis coronaria.


Subject(s)
Animals , Barotrauma/complications , Coronary Disease/drug therapy , Coronary Disease/rehabilitation , Endothelin-1/antagonists & inhibitors , Endothelin-1/immunology
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