Caracterización de la infestación de viviendas por Aedes aegypti en el área metropolitana de Cochabamba, Bolivia: nuevos registros altitudinales / Characterization of dwellings' infestation by Aedes aegypti in the metropolitan area of Cochabamba, Bolivia: new altitudinal records

La rápida proliferación del vector en áreas de clima cálido y baja altitud, como el oriente y la amazonia boliviana, generó la necesidad de analizar la adaptabilidad del A. aegypti en zonas templadas, tal es el caso de los valles mesotérmicos de la ciudad metropolitana de Cochabamba. La evaluación entomológica se realizó en una muestra de 264 viviendas seleccionadas al azar en Abril del 2016. El área de estudio abarca zonas urbanas de seis municipios (Cercado, Sacaba, Colcapirhua, Tiquipaya, Quillacollo y Vinto) del departamento de Cochabamba. El diseño para el estudio fue epidemiológico, transversal de diagnóstico comunitario. De la muestra referida, 100 viviendas se encontraron larvas de A. aegypti , que corresponde a un 38% de infestación larvaria y un Índice Breteau de 1,0. Las llantas, turriles y recipientes desechables son un factor de riesgo para la propagación y adaptación del vector en nuestra región. Los hallazgos confirman la dispersión del A. aegypti con algunas regiones con mayor prevalencia (zona sud de cercado urbano, Colcapirhua y Quillacollo en el valle bajo). También se evidenció por primera vez que la dispersión y colonización de larvas de A. aegypti en el área de estudio alcanzó una altura mínima de 2 538 m/s/n/m. y una altura máxima de 2 623 m.s.n.m. La prevención y el control de A. aegypti , en la metrópoli de Cochabamba va a requerir un trabajo mancomunado integral e intersectorial enfocados en una estrategia de intervención de gestión socioambiental de corresponsabilidad y participación comunitaria, generando como resultado un Manejo Integrado del Vector.

The fast proliferation of the vector at warm weather and low altitude over the sea level, such as the Bolivian valleys (as Cochabamba city), generates the need to analyze the adaptability of A. aegypti . This study of comunitary diagnosis, was developed at the metropolitan area of Cochabamba city, it confirms an spread A. aegypti , shown by georeferences of identified focus of high prevalence (sud of the city, Colcapirhua and Quillacollo as a low valley). For the first time this vector spread, reached between 2 538 to 2 623 meters over sea level. From 264 inspected houses over the city, 100 cases were found positive for A. aegypti (38%) (Breteau Index: 1,0). According to the study, tires, barrels and small containers are a risk factor for the spread and adaptation of the vector in our region. Prevention and control of A. aegypti in the metropolis of Cochabamba will require an integrated and intersectoral joint work, focused on a strategy of intervention socio-environmental and community participation, generating results in an Integrated Vector Management.

Mapping of courses on vector biology and vector-borne diseases systems: time for a worldwide effort

Major emergency efforts are being mounted for each vector-borne disease epidemiological crisis anew, while knowledge about the biology of arthropods vectors is dwindling slowly but continuously, as is the number of field entomologists. The discrepancy between the rates of production of knowledge and its use and need for solving crises is widening, in particular due to the highly differing time spans of the two concurrent processes. A worldwide web based search using multiple key words and search engines of onsite and online courses in English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian and German concerned with the biology of vectors identified over 140 courses. They are geographically and thematically scattered, the vast majority of them are on-site, with very few courses using the latest massive open online course (MOOC) powerfulness. Over two third of them is given in English and Western Africa is particularity poorly represented. The taxonomic groups covered are highly unbalanced towards mosquitoes. A worldwide unique portal to guide students of all grades and levels of expertise, in particular those in remote locations, is badly needed. This is the objective a new activity supported by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR).

Perfil entomológico e epidemiológico da malária em região garimpeira no norte do Mato Grosso, 2011 / Entomological and epidemiological profile of malaria in a gold mining region in northern Mato Grosso, Brazil, 2011

Objetivo: descrever o perfil entomológico e epidemiológico da malária em área de garimpo do município de Nova Guarita, estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Métodos: estudo descritivo com dados entomológicos e epidemiológicos da localidade Garimpo Grota da Lagoa, registrados no sistema de informação de vigilância epidemiológica da malária (SIVEP-malária) em 2011. Resultados: foram identificados 481 exemplares de vetores do gênero Anopheles; houve predominância de Anopheles darlingi nos ambientes pesquisados (42,6 por cento); entre as fêmeas, 83 por cento eram oníparas; o pico de maior atividade dos vetores ocorreu entre as 18 e as 21 horas; das 50 notificações de casos humanos, duas tiveram diagnóstico laboratorial positivo para Plasmodium vivax. Conclusão: os dados entomológicos e epidemiológicos da região estudada caracterizam os casos notificados como de transmissão autóctone e o município de Nova Guarita-MT com evidências de grande receptividade e possível vulnerabilidade para a transmissão de malária.

Objective: to describe the entomological and epidemiological profile of malaria in mining areas of Nova Guarita, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Methods: this is an entomological and epidemiological descriptive study of malaria cases in Nova Guarita recorded on the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance System (SIVEP-malária) and municipal entomological notification data in 2011. Results: 481 specimens of the genus Anopheles were identified. An. darlingi (42.6 per cent), was the predominant species in the environments surveyed and 83 per cent of females were omniparous. Highest vector activity was between 6:00 pm and 9:00 pm. Two of the 50 human cases reported had positive results for P vivax. Conclusion: entomological and epidemiological data for the region studied characterize the cases reported as having autochthonous transmission and the municipality of Nova Guarita as having evidence of high receptivity and possible vulnerability to malaria transmission.

Presence of triatoma tiblamaculata (pinto) nymphs in peridomiciles, in Salvador, Bahia

Chagas disease is associated with the domiciliation of infected vectors migrating from their natural ecotopes. The appearance of nymphs in the peridomicile, in Salvador, Bahia, confirms the need for epidemiological surveillance. The vectors were captured from 2006 to 2009, by the population and by epidemiological field agents with the Chagas Disease Control Program. Three hundred and sixty two nymphs of the species Triatoma tibiamaculata (Pinto, 1926) were captured in the peridomicile and 13.5 por cento of these nymphs were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909). Nymphs were near the houses, a possible risk for colonization. Surveillance of the peridomicile is an important element to prevent colonization by disease vectors...

A doença de Chagas está associada à domiciliação de vetores infectados provenientes dos ecótopos naturais. O surgimento de ninfas no peridomicílio em Salvador, Bahia, reafirma a necessidade de vigilância epidemiológica. Os vetores foram capturados de 2006 a 2009 pela população e por agentes de endemias no contexto do Programa de Controle da Doença de Chagas. Foram capturadas 362 ninfas da espécie Triatoma tibiamaculata (Pinto, 1926) no peridomicílio, 13,5 porcento das quais estavam infectadas com T. cruzi (Chagas, 1909). As ninfas estão próximas aos domicílios, o que representa um possível risco de colonização. A vigilância no peridomicílio constitui importante fator de prevenção da colonização de vetores da doença...