ABSTRACT
To elucidate the local epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia; we characterised blood culture isolates using molecular methods and prospectively collected clinical data to determine the occurrence of community-acquired; methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Consecutive S. aureus blood culture isolates were collected over a one-year period from patients who were admitted to Tygerberg Academic Hospital in the Western Cape. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of spa; mecA and lukS/F-PV genes. Strain typing was performed using spa typing. Multiplex PCR for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing was also performed; as well as multilocus sequence typing (MLST) on selected isolates. Cases were categorised by clinical data as either hospital-acquired; healthcare-associated or community-acquired. One hundred and thirteen S. aureus isolates (30 MRSA) were collected from 104 cases of bacteraemia. According to clinical data; all community-acquired infections; 54 of hospital-acquired cases and the majority of healthcare-associated cases were due to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Furthermore; all Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive isolates (15.9 of all S. aureus) were MSSA. MRSA strains were isolated from hospital-acquired cases (with a minority of healthcare-associated cases) and clustered mainly in spa-CC701 and CC012. SCCmec type IV was predominant. MLST clones included ST239-MRSAIII; ST36-MRSA-II and ST612-MRSA-IV. The predominant source for S. aureus bacteraemia was catheter-related infection (39). Community-acquired S. aureus infections in our setting remain sensitive to methicillin and current treatment guidelines suffice. The majority of hospital-acquired and healthcare-associated infections were catheter-related. Prevention and treatment should be targeted accordingly
Subject(s)
Bacteremia , Community-Acquired Infections , Epidemiology/epidemiology , Inpatients , Molecular Typing , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
To examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cancer in an outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. This study was conducted between May 2006 and January 2007. The sample consisted of 60 diagnosed cancer patients [30 males/30 females]. DSM- IV criteria and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS] were used to diagnose and assess anxiety and depression. Fifty two percent [31 patients, 10 males/21 females] of the subjects reported having symptoms of anxiety, depression or both according to DSM IV Criteria, [anxiety =14, males six / females eight, depression=6, males two / females four, and depression + anxiety both=11, males two / females nine]. A total of 70% [21/30] of the entire female sample met the criteria for depression, anxiety or both. A total of 33% [10/30] of the entire male sample met the criteria for depression, anxiety or both. This study shows high prevalence rates of depression and anxiety in cancer patients in Pakistan. The oncologists and internists treating cancer patients should screen their patients for symptoms of depression and anxiety
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Depression , Anxiety , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital , Epidemiology/epidemiology , Developing CountriesABSTRACT
Foram estudados 123 doentes com RCUI no período de setembro/84 a abril/90, quanto a aspectos epidemiológicos. Verificamos que a doença coincide preferencialmente em brancos, com idade média de 31,6 anos. A maioria dos doentes é brasileira (99,19%), filhos (91,87%) e netos(82,33%) de brasileiros. Os doentes procedem de todos os estados brasileiros. O nível cultural dos doentes com RCUI é superior ao da populaçäo brasileira e dos controles. O número de operaçöes neste grupo de doentes é elevado, ou seja, 2,2 operaçöes/doente
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology , Epidemiology/epidemiology , BrazilABSTRACT
Foi realizado um amplo estudo epidemiológico do "stress" em 404 funcionários de uma grande indústria de papel e celulose brasileira. Detectou-se um elevado índice de prevalência de "stress" de 72,03%, sendo a maioria dos trabalhadores pesquisados portadores de "stress" leve (61,63%), seguidos por 27,97% sem "stress", 9,40% com "stress" intenso. Nos cargos operacionais houve predominancia do "stress" leve (69,05%); nos cargos administrativos predominou a ausência de "stress" (42,60% enos cargos de chefia, o "stress" leve (51,79%0. Quanto ao tempo de trabalho na empresa, predominou o "stress" leve, independente do tempo de serviço. Concluiu-se que o "stress" entre trabalhadores das indústrias papeleiras brasileiras merece uma maior atençäo e estudo por parte das areas de Medicina do Trabalho e Psicologia Organizacional, visando sua prevençäo ou detecçäo precoce e tratamento, evitando-se assim enormes prejuizos as empresas e diminuindo-se o sofrimento de inumeros trabalhadores e suas familias