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1.
Cir. & cir ; 78(1): 15-24, ene.-feb. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-565713

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El papel de la estimulación crónica intermitente del nervio vago (ECINV) en el tratamiento de la epilepsia refractaria está evolucionando y requiere precisarse mediante la descripción de resultados, efectos adversos y complicaciones en poblaciones específicas. Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron los pacientes con epilepsia refractaria sometidos a ECINV con mínimo 12 meses de seguimiento, utilizando estadística descriptiva e inferencial para valorar el efecto sobre la frecuencia e intensidad de las crisis, memoria, ánimo, estado de alerta, recuperación postictal y calidad de vida (escala subjetiva, cuestionario QoLIE-31), y los factores (sexo, edad, tiempo de evolución, número/tipo crisis, parámetros de estimulación) asociados a la respuesta clínica. Se describen los parámetros de estimulación usados, empleo del magneto, complicaciones y efectos adversos. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 35 pacientes, edad de cinco a 48 años, 18 con epilepsia parcial, 17 con generalizada. No hubo complicaciones, infección o alteración de la cicatrización en los procedimientos quirúrgicos. La reducción promedio en crisis fue de 55.65 % (p < 0.001). En epilepsias generalizadas hubo 58.8 % de respondedores y 88.9 % en parciales. Cuatro sujetos presentaron mejoría > 90 %, con control total; en dos pacientes aumentó la frecuencia de las crisis. La respuesta al tratamiento fue buena subjetivamente en 33 pacientes. La calificación global de QoLIE-31 aumentó 12.6 puntos (p = 0.020). Solo el tipo de crisis se asoció con la respuesta clínica. Los efectos adversos fueron transitorios y respondieron al cambio de parámetros de estimulación. Conclusiones: la ECINV es segura, bien tolerada y eficaz para el tratamiento paliativo en casos seleccionados de crisis parciales y generalizadas multifocales refractarias.


BACKGROUND: The role of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) in the treatment of refractory epilepsy is still evolving and requires precision through extensive description of acute and chronic results, adverse effects and complications in specific populations. METHODS: We selected patients with refractory epilepsy subjected to VNS who had completed at least a 12-month followup. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to review and assess the effects of VNS on seizure frequency/intensity, memory, alertness, mood, postictal recovery, and quality of life (subjective scale, QoL IE-31 inventory) as well as factors (gender, age, age of onset, time of surgery, stimulation parameters, seizure frequency and type) associated with clinical response. We describe stimulation parameters, complications and adverse effects compared to other series. RESULTS: We selected 35 patients with an age range of 5-48 years; 18 patients presented partial epilepsy and 17 generalized epilepsy. All procedures and wound healing were uneventful, and no infections were reported. Median reduction in seizure frequency was 55.65% (p <0.001). Four patients showed improvement of >90%. Two patients became seizure free, whereas seizure frequency increased in two patients. The subjectively qualified response to treatment was good in 33 patients. The mean global increase in the QoLIE-31 Scale was 12.6 (p = 0.020). Improvements in memory, mood, alertness and postictal recovery period were documented. Only seizure type showed statistically significant association with clinical response. Adverse effects were transitory and responded to changes in stimulation parameters. CONCLUSIONS: VNS is a safe, feasible, well-tolerated and effective palliative treatment in appropriately selected cases of refractory partial and multifocal generalized seizures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Epilepsy/therapy , Vagus Nerve Stimulation/methods , Affect , Awareness , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Palliative Care , Combined Modality Therapy , Electrodes, Implanted , Epilepsy, Generalized/drug therapy , Epilepsy, Generalized/epidemiology , Epilepsy, Generalized/therapy , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Epilepsies, Partial/drug therapy , Epilepsies, Partial/epidemiology , Epilepsies, Partial/therapy , Vagus Nerve Stimulation/adverse effects , Vagus Nerve Stimulation/instrumentation , Memory , Mexico/epidemiology , Quality of Life , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
2.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 81(2)abr.-jun. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-576544

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar un grupo de pacientes con epilepsias focales, según aspectos clínicos y electroencefalográficos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo de 185 niños con diagnóstico de epilepsia focal (2 o más crisis epilépticas no provocadas), con edades entre un mes y 14 años, que fueron hospitalizados en el Departamento de Neuropediatría del Hospital William Soler entre diciembre de 2001 y diciembre de 2003. La edad media de inicio de la primera crisis epiléptica fue de 5 años. El tipo de crisis epiléptica focal más frecuente fue la simple (49,2 por ciento). El 48,6 por ciento de los niños presentó etiología idiopática y el 33,0 por ciento sintomática. Los factores de la etiología sintomática más frecuentes fueron los prenatales (56,2 por ciento). El 91,4 por ciento de los pacientes presentó electroencefalogramas iniciales interictales anormales. El electroencefalograma focal se observó en el 37,3 por ciento de los niños y el multifocal en el 24,9 por ciento. El síndrome epiléptico más frecuente fue la epilepsia benigna con puntas centrotemporales (5,9 por ciento). Los niños con epilepsia focal tienen variadas manifestaciones clínicas y electroencefalográficas, y en la mayoría de los pacientes no es posible identificar un síndrome epiléptico.


The aim of present paper was to characterize a group of patients presenting with focal epilepsies by clinical and electroencephalographic features. Authors made a descriptive and cross-sectional study in 185 children diagnosed with focal epilepsy (two or more non-provoked epilepsy crises), aged from one month to 14, admitted in Neurology Department of William Soler Children Hospital between December 2001 to December 2003. Mean age of the first epilepsy crisis was at 5 years. The more frequent type of focal epilepsy crisis was the simple one (49, 2 percent). The 48, 6 percent of children presented with a idiopathic origin, and the 33, 0 percent if symptomatic one. The more frequent factors of symptomatic origin were the prenatal ones (56, 2 percent). The 91, 4 percent of patients had abnormal interictal initial electroencephalograms. The focal electroencephalogram was observed in the 37, 3 percent of children, and the multifocal one in the 24, 9 percent. The more frequent epileptic syndrome was the benign epilepsy with central-temporal waves (5, 9 percent). Children presenting with epilepsy have many clinical and electroencephalographic manifestations and in most of patients it is not possible to identify an epilepsy syndrome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Electroencephalography/methods , Epilepsies, Partial/epidemiology , Epilepsies, Partial/pathology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies
3.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-46289

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relative frequencies of various epileptic seizures and to study the age at onset of different seizure types in Nepalese children. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Hospital outpatient based in Kathmandu, Nepal, between November 2001 to October 2002. PARTICIPANTS: 50 children diagnosed as epilepsy excluding neonatal and febrile seizures. Main outcome measure: Diagnosis and classification of cases according to the International Classification of Epilepsy of the International League Against Epilepsy [ILAE] and number of patients in each category with various ages at first seizure. RESULT: Generalized seizures (78%) were 3.54 times commoner than partial seizures (22%). Most frequent seizure types were generalized tonic clonic (36%), tonic (16%), complex partial (14%), atonic (12%) and absence (10%). Generalized clonic, simple partial and partial with secondary generalization, each had less than 5% frequencies. In 40% cases the first seizure occurred when aged between 2-5 years. In partial seizures the peak age at onset was observed below 6 years while primary generalized seizure was more frequently seen in age group 2-10 years. CONCLUSION: More paediatric patients with primary generalized seizures (78%) were observed than with partial seizures (22%). In this age group, the most frequent seizure type was generalized tonic clonic (36%) with the peak frequency of age at onset of seizures in 2-5 years.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Age of Onset , Child , Child, Preschool , Epilepsies, Partial/epidemiology , Epilepsy/epidemiology , Epilepsy, Generalized/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Nepal/epidemiology , Prospective Studies
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