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1.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 49(1)jan.-mar. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-676570

ABSTRACT

A Síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut (SLG) é uma encefalopatia epiléptica grave da infância caracterizada por múltiplos tipos de crises intratáveis, anormalidades cognitivas e comportamentais e alterações eletroencefalográficas características. Na grande maioria dos casos as crises se tornam refratárias mesmo com politerapia, sendo indicado tratamentos alternativos. O uso de calosotomia é descrito para ajudar no controle das crises, entretanto novas terapias como o estimulador de nervo vago (ENV) começaram a ser utilizadas. Neste caso, relatamos um paciente com SLG, que apesar das drogas antiepilépticas apresentava crises diárias, que foi submetido a ENV, com redução das crises. Discutimos o tratamento não farmacológico da SLG, comparando a calosotomia com ENV...


The Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) is a severe childhood epileptic encephalopathy characterized by multiple types of intractable seizures, cognitive and behavioral abnormalities and specific electroencephalographic features. Most patients are refractory even with polytherapy, so alternative treatment is indicated. Callosotomy is indicated in these cases, however vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) is a less invasive option. This is a case report of a patient with LGS, which despite antiepileptic drugs had daily seizures, who underwent VNS, with reduction of seizures. We discuss the nonpharmacological treatment of LGS, comparing the callosotomy with VNS...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Epilepsy, Absence/diagnosis , Epilepsy, Absence/drug therapy , Epilepsy/surgery , Epilepsy/complications , Vagus Nerve Stimulation/methods , Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 67(4): 986-994, Dec. 2009. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-536003

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Epileptic syndromes with absence seizures (AS) possess unique clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics. In typical or atypical AS, ictal phenomenology may include various characteristics. Vídeo-EEG monitoring enables findings to be correlated with ictal phenomenology. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the different AS in a cohort of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) based on the International League against Epilepsy (ILAE)'s 2006 classification, to correlate with ictal phenomenology recorded and to apply the Panayiotopoulos criteria. METHOD: This study included patients with criteria of AS followed up at the Epilepsy Clinic. A dual, cross-sectional cohort study was carried out between 2005 and 2008. Patients receiving care in the Epilepsy Program of the HUCFF-UFRJ, who had been investigated by video-EEG and who presented clinical and EEG criteria for absence seizures, typical or atypical, according to the criteria defined by the ILAE, were included in the study, independent of age onset, the review of clinical history, age onset, family history, epilepsy onset and evolution, seizures phenomenology, antiepileptic drugs response and neuroimaging studies were used to classify the patients among the different epileptic syndrome associated to absence seizures. RESULTS: Typical absences were more frequent (71.4 percent) than atypical absences. Cases of juvenile absence epilepsy were the most frequent (19 percent) in this series, followed by childhood absence epilepsy (14.4 percent) and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (4.8 percent). In 14 patients (66.67 percent), diagnosis was modified from focal epilepsy to primary generalized epilepsy. Clinical and EEG diagnosis of absence epilepsy resulted in a dramatic improvement in the control of seizures following modification of diagnosis and indication of an appropriate antiepileptic drug. CONCLUSION: Our results show that typical AS are more frequent than atypical. AS was ...


Síndromes epilépticas com crises de ausência (CA) possuem características clínicas e eletroencefalográficas (EEG) únicas. Nas crises de ausência típica ou atípica, a fenomenologia ictal pode incluir características que podem levar ao erro diagnóstico e à indicação de drogas antiepilépticas que pioraram o quadro. Quando esses pacientes são referidos a um Programa de Epilepsias para investigação, a monitorização por vídeo-EEG permite correlacionar os achados eletrográficos com a fenomenologia ictal. OBJETIVO: Identificar em uma coorte de pacientes com epilepsia fármaco-resistente (EFR), pacientes com CA segundo critérios propostos pela Liga Internacional contra a Epilepsia (ILAE) de 2006, correlacionar a fenomenologia ictal ao EEG e aplicar os de critérios Panayiotopoulos neste grupo. MÉTODO: Estudo de corte transversal incluiu doentes encaminhados ao Programa de Epilepsia do HUCFF-UFRJ entre 2005 e 2008, investigados por vídeo-EEG e que apresentavam os critérios clínicos e EEG para CA típicas ou atípica; a revisão da história clínica, idade início, história familiar de epilepsia, evolução, a fenomenologia ictal, resposta a drogas antiepilépticas e estudos de neuroimagem foram utilizados para classificar os pacientes entre as diferentes síndromes epilépticas associadas a CA. RESULTADOS: As CA típicas foram mais freqüentes (71,4 por cento) do que as atípicas. Casos de epilepsia ausência juvenil ocorreram em 19 por cento desta série, seguido por epilepsia ausência infantil (14,4 por cento) e epilepsia mioclônica juvenil (4,8 por cento). Em 14 pacientes (66,67 por cento), o diagnóstico de epilepsia focal epilepsia foi modificado para epilepsia generalizada primária. A mudança do diagnóstico de epilepsia focal para epilepsia com CA, seguido da troca para DAE adequadas, resultou em melhoria no controle de crises. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados mostram que as CA típicas são mais freqüentes do que as atípicas. Em 10 pacientes, a aplicação dos critérios ...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Epilepsy, Absence/diagnosis , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnosis, Differential , Drug Resistance , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy, Absence/drug therapy , Video Recording , Young Adult
3.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 79(3)jul.-sep. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-489384

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un caso de epilepsia de ausencia de inicio antes de los 2 años de edad, que requirió múltiples drogas antiepilépticas. Se revisa la bibliografía sobre el tema y se profundiza en las actuales variaciones de los criterios diagnósticos en relación con los síndromes de ausencia epiléptica y las variantes de presentación que pueden ser causa de errores diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Se confirma el importante papel de la monitorización electroencefalográfica y videoelectroencefalográfica como herramienta diagnóstica en las epilepsias de presentación poco común en la infancia. Se revisan los factores etiológicos polimórficos actuales, el papel de los canales iónicos y el uso de las drogas antiepilépticas en la ausencia infantil.


A case of absence epilepsy that began before the second year of life and required many antiepileptic drugs was presented. A literature review was made on this topic, delving into the present variations of diagnostic criteria related to epileptic absence syndromes and their various presentations that may derive from diagnostic and therapeutical mistakes. The important role of electroencephalographic and videoelectroencephalographic monitoring as a diagnosing tool in rare epilepsies in childhood was confirmed. The present etiological polymorphic factors, the role of ion channels and the use of antiepileptic drugs in infantile absence epilepsy were reviewed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Electroencephalography/methods , Epilepsy, Absence/diagnosis , Epilepsy, Absence/drug therapy , Ethosuximide/therapeutic use
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 64(2a): 193-197, jun. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-429682

ABSTRACT

Atividade occipital delta rítmica intermitente (AODRI) é considerada fator de bom prognóstico em crises de ausência típica (AT). Neste estudo relatamos a evolução eletroclínica de 14 pacientes com AT e AODRI que realizaram vídeo-EEG. Sete pacientes eram do sexo feminino; nove tinham epilepsia ausência da infância e os outros não apresentavam características eletroclínicas para classificação sindrômica de acordo com a classificação da ILAE (1989). Picnolepsia foi relatada em 13; AT foi o único tipo de crise em 13; um tinha crises generalizadas TCG e três, abalos mioclônicos durante AT. Monoterapia com VPA controlou as crises em 11, diVPA e ESM, em um cada. Após o controle das crises, o EEG normalizou em 10; em três, complexos de espícula-onda (CEO) persistiram, acompanhados por AODRI em um. Finalmente em outro, as crises não foram controladas, persistindo CEO e AODRI. Concluindo, observamos nesta série de AT e AODRI, com início antes dos 10 anos, picnolepsia freqüente e poucas crises TCG. VPA controlou as crises na maioria dos casos e o EEG normalizou em 76,92%. Sugerimos que AODRI possa ser considerada um fator de bom prognóstico em AT associada a CEO e de possível natureza epileptiforme, levando por sua vez, à investigação apropriada.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Delta Rhythm , Epilepsy, Absence/physiopathology , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy, Absence/drug therapy , Valproic Acid/therapeutic use
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 63(3B): 733-737, set. 2005. graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-445157

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of topiramate (TPM) in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). METHOD: We assessed seizure control and adverse effects of TPM in 22 patients (18 females) aged 13 to 53 years. Target TPM dosage was up to 200 mg/day. The patients were subdivided into 3 groups: those treated with seizure control plus side effects (n=4); treated with non-controlled seizures (n=15) and with JME newly diagnosed (n=3). RESULTS: Sixteen patients completed the first year of the follow-up. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were completely controlled in 10 (62.5%); more than 50% of reduction in 4 (25.0%) and less than 50% in 2 (12.5%). Myoclonia were controlled in 11 (68.8%) and persisted in 5 (31.2%) patients. Absence seizures were present in 5 (22.7%) of whom 2 (9.0%) showed more than 50% of seizure reduction while 3 (13.6%) presented worsening. Discontinuations were due to inadequate seizure control and adverse events (N=4), low compliance and loss of follow-up (N=2) and subject choice (N=1). CONCLUSION: TPM showed to be an effective and well-tolerated drug in the treatment of JME. Although frequently observed, TPM side effects were tolerable and the drug could be maintained in the majority of patients.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia e tolerabilidade do topiramato (TPM) na epilepsia mioclônica juvenil (EMJ). MÉTODO: Avaliamos a resposta terapêutica e efeitos colaterais do TPM em 22 pacientes (18 mulheres) com idades entre 13 e 53 anos. A dose alvo utilizada foi até 200 mg/dia. Os pacientes foram divididos em 3 grupos no início do tratamento: aqueles com controle das crises mas que apresentavam efeitos colaterais (n=4); com crises não controladas (n=15) e com EMJ recém diagnosticada (n=3). RESULTADOS: Dezesseis pacientes completaram o primeiro ano de acompanhamento. Crises tônico-clonicas generalizadas foram completamente controladas em 10 (62,5%), tiveram redução maior de 50% em 4 (25,0%) e menor de 50% em 2 (12,5%). Mioclonias foram controladas em 11 (68,8%) e persistiram em 5 (31.2%) pacientes. As crises de ausências, presentes em 5 (22,7%) pacientes, tiveram redução maior do que 50% em 2 (9,0%) e agravamento em 3 (13,6%). A retirada do estudo foi devida principalmente ao controle inadequado das crises e efeitos colaterais indesejáveis (n=4), pouca adesão e perda do seguimento (n=2) e escolha do paciente (n=1). CONCLUSÃO: TPM foi considerada droga eficaz e bem tolerada no tratamento da EMJ. Apesar de freqüentemente observados, os efeitos colaterais do TPM foram toleráveis e a medicação pode ser mantida na maioria dos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile/drug therapy , Fructose/analogs & derivatives , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Epilepsy, Absence/drug therapy , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/drug therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Fructose/adverse effects , Fructose/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
7.
J Postgrad Med ; 2003 Jul-Sep; 49(3): 202-5; discussion 205-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-115984

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Myoclonic-Astatic Epilepsy (MAE) usually starts before five years of age and is associated with very frequent seizures and is highly resistant to treatment. AIM: To investigate the outcome of adjunctive topiramate (TPM) therapy in children with a diagnosis of MAE syndrome. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In an outpatient setting, case notes of 27 children who received TPM were retrieved and analysed. RESULTS: Records of 6 children with MAE, who were experiencing 2-8 atonic seizures daily before starting TPM were studied. Improvement was noted after addition of TPM (mean dose at steady-state 7.4+/-2.5mg/kg/day) to the regimen of 1-3 anti-epileptic drugs they were receiving concurrently. All but one child improved following the titration period: one had 50-80% improvement in the frequency of atonic seizures and three had over 80% improvement. However, one child who showed over 80% improvement and was free of atonic seizures, later developed increased frequency of other seizure types. In one child there was no significant improvement. Improvement has been sustained for over 6 months in three patients and over 4 months in one; three have continued TPM. TPM was stopped in three patients (reduction in seizure control/no improvement). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the efficacy of TPM in controlling atonic seizures in MAE and indicates that it should be considered as an add-on drug in the management of this 'difficult-to-treat' epileptic syndrome.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Therapy, Combination , Epilepsy, Absence/drug therapy , Female , Fructose/analogs & derivatives , United Kingdom , Humans , Male , Medical Audit , Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
8.
EMJ-Emirates Medical Journal. 2001; 19 (2): 130-131
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-56851
9.
Indian Pediatr ; 1988 May; 25(5): 478-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-10007
10.
In. Sociedade Paranaense de Ciências Neurológicas; Sociedade Paranaense de Psiquiatria. Palestras. Curitiba, Capítulo Paranaense da Liga Brasileira de Epilepsia, 1986. p.81-8.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-200702
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