Alternative products to control powdery mildew in soybeans culture in field

The occurrence of powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa) in soybean (Glycine max L.) has increased in the last harvests. In order to study the efficiency of powdery mildew control due to the application of alternative products and conventional fungicide, trials were conducted in Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons. The design used was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments for the experiments were: 1 - control; 2 - acibenzolar-S-methyl (Bion 500 WG®); 3 - calcium (Max Fruit®); 4 - Micronutrients: copper, manganese and zinc (Wert Plus®); 5 - Micronutrients: manganese, zinc and molybdenum (V6®); 6 - NK fertilizer (Hight Roots®); 7 - Ascophyllum nodosum (Acadian®) and 8 - fungicide (azoxystrobin + cyproconazole) (Priori XTRA®) with the addition of the adjuvant. Four applications of alternative products (phenological stages V3, V6, R1 and R5.1) and two of fungicide (phenological stages R1 and R5.1) were carried out. The parameters evaluated were powdery mildew severity and productivity. The severity data made it possible to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPG). Alternative products didn't reduce powdery mildew in the two harvests. The conventional fungicide treatment was the only one that controlled powdery mildew and didn't reduce the productivity in both experiments.

Danos causados pela infecção de oídio em diferentes estádios fenológicos da soja / Damages caused by infection of powdery mildews in different phenological stages of soybeans

Ainda não há estudos precisos que quantifiquem os prejuízos decorrentes de infecção por oídio e/ou outras doenças foliares, para a maioria das culturas de importância econômica no Brasil. O objetivo foi quantificar as perdas causadas por oídio (Microsphaera diffusa) infectando a cultura da soja em diferentes estádios fenológicos e relacioná-las ao desenvolvimento e produtividade da cultura. O experimento foi desenvolvido em ambiente protegido, e os tratamentos foram testemunha controlada, testemunha sem controle, infecção iniciada em R1 ­ R2, infecção iniciada em R ­ R, infecção iniciada em R ­ R e infecção iniciada em R ­ R. A avaliação foi feita 345.15.25.35.4 semanalmente, considerando a porcentagem da área foliar infectada. Os resultados mostraram que, no tratamento em que houve infecções iniciadas em R1-R2 e R3-R4, a porcentagem de área foliar afetada foi maior (41% e 38%, respectivamente), com consequente menor produtividade (1.186,6 e 1.309,5 kg.ha-1 respectivamente). No tratamento em que a infecção ocorreu em R ­ R, houve 5.35.4 a menor média de área foliar afetada pela doença (24%) e a produtividade teve queda de 26%. Os resultados mostraram que as perdas de produtividade pelo oídio na cultivar Embrapa 48 variaram ao redor de 26 a 50%, e que a recomendação oficial para o início de controle do oídio da soja, quando esta se apresentar entre 40 e 50% de severidade, deve ser questionada e outros trabalhos neste âmbito devem ser desenvolvidos para determinação das perdas ocasionadas por esta doença na cultura.

At present there are no precise studies quantifying the damages caused by powdery mildews and other foliar diseases for the majority of economically important crops in Brazil. The objective of the present study was to quantify the losses caused by powdery mildews (Microsphaera diffusa) in soybeans in different phenological stages, and to correlate them with the development and yield of the crop. The trials was carried out in the greenhouse and the treatments were: controlled check, noncontrolled check, infection initiated at stage R1-R2, infection initiated at stage R3-R4, infection initiated at stage R5.1-R5.2, infection initiated at stage R5.3-R5.4. The evaluation was done weekly considering the percentage of infected leaf area. The results showed that for the infection beginning at stages R1-R2 and R3-R4 the percentage of affected leaf area was higher (41% and 38%), with consequently lower yields (1,200 and 1,240 kg ha-1). When the infection occurred later at stage R5.3-R5.4, a lower affected leaf area (24%) was observed, and the yield decreased 26%. The results showed that the loss of yield by powdery mildew in cultivar Embrapa 48 ranged from around 26 to 50%, and that the official recommendation for the beginning of control of powdery mildew of soybean, where it presents between 40 and 50% of severity, should be questioned, and other work in this area should be undertaken to determine the loss caused by this disease in the crop.