ABSTRACT
La quimioprofilaxis (QP) en coqueluche debe orientarse a proteger personas con riesgo de presentar complicaciones graves o fallecer: neonatos y lactantes bajo un año, senescentes, pacientes con afecciones cardiacas y pulmonares con insuficiencia funcional, y mujeres en tercer trimestre de embarazo (para proteger al neonato). La evidencia disponible permite recomendar una QP selectiva en los contactos ocurridos en el hogar, hasta 21 días de aparecer el caso primario, y antes de presentarse un caso secundario, recomendación que puede hacerse extensible a personas con alto riesgo que co-habitan con un caso índice en el hospital, guarderías infantiles y hogares de ancianos. La transmisibilidad de B. pertussis podría alcanzar una distancia mayor de 1,5 metros desde la cara del paciente, concepto importante para diseñar la QP en el medio hospitalario. Sólo existen argumentos sólidos para emplear macrólidos y azálidas; siete días es un plazo suficiente para erradicar B. pertussis con eritromicina o claritromicina, 5 días para azitromicina.
Subject(s)
Humans , Macrolides/therapeutic use , Chemoprevention/standards , Whooping Cough/prevention & control , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Azithromycin/therapeutic use , Bordetella pertussis/pathogenicity , Clarithromycin/therapeutic use , Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate/therapeutic use , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Risk Factors , Risk Groups , Whooping Cough/complications , Whooping Cough/transmissionABSTRACT
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method, for the determination of three macrolide antibiotics [roxithromycin [RXE], erythromycin base [E] and erythromycin ethylsuccinate [EES]], is presented. Study of the optimum condition for separation and quantitation of these antibiotics indicated that chromatography is performed in the reversed-phase mode using a C-18 column at a temperature of 40C. The strength of phosphate buffer can be used to control selectivity of the separated compound. The addition of isopropanol to the mobile phase improves peak shapes for the compounds of interest. Validation data for the studied antibiotics is done on spiked human plasma samples after extraction by adopting a rapid and simple procedure. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 5% for the spiked plasma and pharmaceutical dosage forms
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Erythromycin Estolate , Roxithromycin , Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate , Macrolides/bloodSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Extremities , Pityriasis Lichenoides , Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate , Neck , Pityriasis Lichenoides , PrurigoABSTRACT
The stability of erythromycin ethyl succinate in prepared aqueous and pharmaceutical suspensions was investigated. The released free erythromycin base has been monitored by derivative spectrophotometric measurement of the yellow color formed after dilution with 9 N hydrochloric acid. The proposed analytical method has been optimized and validated. The activation energy for the hydrolysis of the ester in buffer [pH 7] was found to be 2.0839 Kcal./mole. In oral suspension for pediatric use, the ester was found to be stable for at least 15 days after reconstitution