ABSTRACT
El compromiso orbitario es la complicación más frecuente de la rinosinusitis aguda en pediatría, y el etmoides es el seno más afectado. La recurrencia es infrecuente. Existen solo tres casos publicados en la literatura. Una anomalía anatómica del proceso unciforme o un mucocele podrían ser factores predisponentes, que pueden obstruir el drenaje normal de los senos junto con la presencia de etmoiditis.La tomografía computada y la resonancia magnética orientan el diagnóstico. El tratamiento quirúrgico está indicado ante la falta de respuesta al tratamiento instaurado luego de 48 horas o disminución de la agudeza visual o recurrencias sin patología tumoral de base.Se presenta a un paciente de 4 años de edad que consultó por un cuadro compatible con etmoiditis complicada recurrente. Presentó celulitis preseptal en seis oportunidades y un episodio de absceso subperióstico, desde los 3 meses de edad. Evolucionó favorablemente luego de la operación quirúrgica.
Orbital infection is the most frequent complication of ethmoiditis. Recurrent periorbital cellulitis is a very rare complication of rhinosinusitis with only three reports in the literature describing this pathological process.This complication can be favored by an anatomical abnormality of the uncinate process or mucocele obstructing the normal drainage pathway, in addition to ethmoidal sinusitis.Computed tomography and magnetic resonance guide the diagnosis. The treatment is based on antibiotics, corticosteroids and local decongestants. Surgical treatment is indicated in the absence of response to treatment established after 48 hours or decrease in visual acuity or recurrent orbital complications without underlying tumor pathology. In this report, we present a case of orbital complication of rhinosinusitis in a 4 year-old-child with six episodes of unilateral periorbital cellulitis and one episode of subperiosteal orbital abscess since the age of 3 months. There was a complete resolution with no recurrence after the surgical intervention
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Ethmoid Sinusitis/diagnosis , Orbital Cellulitis/diagnostic imaging , Ethmoid Sinusitis/drug therapy , Nasal Polyps , Ethmoid Sinus/surgery , Orbital Cellulitis/surgeryABSTRACT
Se define la etmoiditis como la inflamación e infección de la mucosa de las celdas etmoidales. Se diagnostica clínicamente con la presencia de edema en el ángulo medial del ojo, que se extiende a las estructuras adyacentes. Estudios imagenológicos son necesarios para verificar la presencia de complicaciones, entre las que se citan el absceso orbitario, subperióstico, epidural, subdural, cerebral, tromboflebitis del seno cavernoso, meningoencefalitis y la muerte del paciente. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus y Haemophilus influenzae son microorganismos frecuentemente responsables de este cuadro. Las complicaciones orbitarias en las etmoiditis, necesitan el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz para evitar secuelas irreversibles. Se presenta el caso de un lactante masculino, de 1 mes y 26 días de nacido, que ingresa con fiebre, rinorrea serosa y rechazo al alimento. Evolutivamente se constata marcada obstrucción nasal, edema periorbitario izquierdo, rubor, calor, protrusión del globo ocular e irritabilidad, y se diagnostica etmoiditis complicada con celulitis orbitaria. Se realiza tomografía axial computarizada que informa seno etmoidal izquierdo ocupado por contenido de densidad líquida con celularidad (15-25 UH), engrosamiento de partes blandas de la pared interna de la órbita que abomba, comprime y desplaza la musculatura orbitaria, y se extiende al párpado y al ala izquierda de la nariz desviando tabique blando; así como ligera proptosis, y disminución de la densidad ósea de la pared interna de la cavidad orbitaria. Se toma muestra para cultivo y se aísla Staphylococcus aureus meticillin resistente. Se comentan los elementos diagnósticos y su tratamiento, con el objetivo de llamar la atención de los pediatras para lograr el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno.
Ethmoiditis is the inflammation and infection of the ethmoidal cell mucus. It is clinically diagnosed after observing edema in the medial angle of the eye extending into the adjacent structures. Imaging studies are required to verify complications such as orbital, subperiostic, epidural, subdural, cerebral abscess; thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus, meningoencephalitis and finally death of the patient. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae are frequently responsible for this health picture. The orbital complications seen in ethmoiditis require early diagnosis and treatment to avoid irreversible sequelae. This is the case of a male nursling aged one month and 26 days, who was admitted to the hospital with fever, rhinorrea serosa and rejection to feeding. As his condition progresses, it was observed that he presented with marked nasal obstruction, left periorbital edema, blushing, heat, eyeball protusion and irritability. He was finally diagnosed as complicated ethmoiditis with orbital cellulitis case. Computer axial tomography revealed left ethmoidal sinus filled with fluid content having cellularity rate of 15-25 UH, thickening of soft parts of the internal wall of the orbit that juts out, compresses and shifts the orbital musculature and extends into the eyebrow and to the left wing of the nose, thus deviating the soft septum in addition to slight proptosis and reduction of the bone density of the internal wall of the orbital cavity. A sample was taken for culturing, which resulted in isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The diagnostic elements and the treatment of this disease were explained in order to call the pediatricians´attention to timely diagnose and treat these patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Ethmoid Sinusitis/complications , Ethmoid Sinusitis/diagnosis , Orbital Cellulitis , Orbital Cellulitis/diagnosisABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a microbiologia dos seios maxilar e etmoidal em pacientes com rinossinusite crônica com indicação de cirurgia funcional endoscópica dos seios paranasais. Durante a cirurgia coletamos secreção e/ou fragmento de mucosa dos seios maxilar e/ou etmoidal em 41 pacientes. Identificou-se a presença de microorganismos aeróbios em 21 (51 por cento) dos pacientes, anaeróbios em 16 (39 por cento) e fungos em um (2,4 por cento). Os microorganismos mais isolados foram o Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo em cinco pacientes (12por cento) e Staphylococcus aureus em quatro (9,75 por cento). /The aim of this work is to study the microbiology of the maxillary and/or ethmoid sinuses in patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis with indication of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. During surgery, we collected secretion and/or fragment of the maxillary and/or ethmoid sinuses mucosa from 41 patients. We identified aerobic microorganisms in 21 patients (51.2 per cent), anaerobic microorganisms in 16 (39 per cent) and fungus in one (2.4 per cent). In the population studied, the most isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus coagulase negative, found in five patients (12.18 per cent), and Staphylococcus aureus, found in four patients (9.75 per cent)...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Paranasal Sinuses/surgery , Ethmoid Sinusitis/diagnosis , Maxillary Sinusitis/surgery , Endoscopy , Maxillary Sinus/microbiology , Ethmoid Sinusitis/surgery , Ethmoid Sinusitis/microbiology , Maxillary Sinusitis/surgerySubject(s)
Humans , Child , Adult , Algorithms , Sinusitis/drug therapy , Causality , Ethmoid Sinusitis/diagnosis , Ethmoid Sinusitis/epidemiology , Frontal Sinusitis/diagnosis , Frontal Sinusitis/epidemiology , Maxillary Sinusitis/diagnosis , Maxillary Sinusitis/epidemiology , Self-Evaluation Programs , Sphenoid Sinusitis/diagnosis , Sphenoid Sinusitis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Os autores destacam a importância da cefaléia na infância e adolescência, citando suas causas mais freqüentes. Detêm-se, particularmente, na análise das diversas formas da sinusite e enxaqueca, que säo responsáveis pela maioria dos casos de dor de cabeça em Pediatria, atualizando a conduta diagnóstica e terapêutica, em face dessas patologias
Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Headache/complications , Acetaminophen/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Drug Combinations , Ethmoid Sinusitis/diagnosis , Headache/diagnosis , Headache/etiology , Migraine Disorders/diagnosis , Nasal Decongestants/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Os autores discutem o diagnóstico diferencial das complicaçöes orbitárias da sinusite na infância caracterizado os quadros de: Celulite pré-septal; Celulite orbitária; Abcesso subperiostal; Abcesso orbitário; Trombose de seio cavernoso. Comentam a abordagem diagnóstica e a flora bacteriana provável. Relatam um caso de abcesso subperiostal iniciado clinicamente com edema orbitário que evoluiu em 24 horas, ressaltando a importância de Tomografia Computadorizada na resoluçäo desse caso. Discutem a conduta cirúrgica ideal é a drenagem por etmoidectomia transnasal