Content analysis and quality evaluation of main active components and mineral elements of Cynomorium songaricum in different habitats / 中国中药杂志

To clarify the content characteristics of the main active components and mineral elements of Cynomorium songaricum under different habitat conditions, and further explore the relationship between the quality of C. songaricum and habitats, this study took C. songaricum from 25 different habitats in China as the research object, and measured the contents of 8 main active components and 12 mineral elements separately. Diversity analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out. The results showed that the genetic diversity of total flavonoids, ursolic acid, ether extract, potassium(K), phosphorus(P) and zinc(Zn) in C. songaricum was high. The coefficient of variation of crude polysaccharide, ether extract, gallic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, catechin, epicatechin, calcium(Ca), sodium(Na), magnesium(Mg), sulfur(S), iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), selenium(Se) and nickel(Ni) were all over 36%, indicating that the quality of C. songaricum was significantly affected by habitats. There were strong synergistic and weak antagonistic effects among the contents of the 8 active components, and complex antagonistic and synergistic effects among the contents of the 12 mineral elements. Principal component analysis revealed that crude polysaccharide, ursolic acid, catechin, epicatechin and total flavonoids could be used as the characteristic components to evaluate the quality of C. songaricum, and Na, copper(Cu), Mn and Ni were the characteristic elements to evaluate the quality of C. songaricum. In cluster ana-lysis, the second group with the main active components as cluster center had better quality in terms of the content of active substances, and the second group with the mineral elements as cluster center had higher utilization potential in the exploitation of mineral elements. This study could provide a basis for resource evaluation and breeding of excellent varieties of C. songaricum in different habitats, and provide a reference for cultivation and identification of C. songaricum.

Correlation analysis between prenatal exposure of per-/polyfluoroalkyl compounds and neonatal outcome / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the prenatal exposure of per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the neonatal outcome. Methods: A total of 506 maternal infant cohort samples were collected in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province from 2020 to 2021. The exposure levels of seven PFASs in maternal serum before delivery were detected by solid-phase extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariable linear regression model was used to analyze the influence of prenatal exposure of PFASs on birth weight, birth length and Apgar score. Results: The maternal age, prenatal body mass index and gestation age were (31.3±4.3) years old, (26.7±3.2) kg/m2 and (265.0±28.3) days, respectively. The birth weight, birth length and scores of Apgar-1 and Apgar-5 were (3.1±0.8) kg, (49.3±2.9) cm, (9.88±0.47) points and (9.99±0.13) points, respectively. PFASs were widely distributed in maternal serum, with the highest concentration of (18.453±19.557) ng/ml, (6.756±9.379) ng/ml and (5.057±8.555) ng/ml for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and 6∶2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (Cl-PFESA), respectively. Maternal age, parity and delivery mode were associated with the exposure level of PFASs (P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that PFOS had negative effects on birth weight (β=-0.958), birth length (β=-0.073) and Apgar-5 score (β=-0.288) for neonates in the low birth weight (LBW) group. 6∶2 Cl-PFESA and 8∶2 Cl-PFESA inhibited the birth weight (β=-0.926; β=-0.552) and length (β=-0.074; β=-0.045) of newborn in the LBW group. In addition, 4∶2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (FTS) was associated with increased birth weight (β=0.111) and decreased Apgar-5 score (β=-0.030) in the normal weight group. Conclusion: Prenatal exposure to PFASs is associated with birth weight, birth length and Apgar-5 score. It is necessary to continue to pay attention to the impact of PFASs on fetal growth and development through maternal-fetal transmission.

Determination of urinary concentrations of organic oxygenates in urban workers

Methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl methyl ether are oxygenated compounds added to gasoline to enhance octane rating in replacement of alkyl-lead compounds. In the present study the excretion of urinary methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl methyl ether were evaluated as biomarkers of exposure to gasoline. With this aim, 10 policemen engaged in traffic control, 10 gas station workers and ten occupationally non-exposed persons were investigated. Spot urine samples were obtained prior to and at the end of the work shift from each subject. The urinary levels of oxygenated ethers were determined by using head-space gas chromatography and mass spectrometry detection. There were significant differences among the mean urinary concentrations of methyl tert-butyl ether in pre-shift samples of gas station workers [1193 ng/L], policemen [734 ng/L] and occupationally non-exposed persons [49 ng/L]. The mean urinary concentrations of methyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl methyl ether differed significantly among post-shift samples of gas station workers [16636 and 8655 ng/L], policemen [14458 and 1472 ng/L] and occupationally non-exposed persons [324 and 59 ng/L] [ANOVA: p<0.05 and Kruskal-Wallis test: p<0.05]. There was a significant difference in methyl tert-butyl ether concentrations between job categories [p<0.05 by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test], and gas station workers and policemen were found to be probably the most exposed groups in this study

Emergence agitation in uncooperative children undergoing complete dental rehabilitation: a comparison between sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia

The issue of emergence agitation [EA] following the administration of short-acting anaesthetic agents, sevoflurane and desflurane, has become a controversial issue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of desflurane versus sevoflurane anaesthesia on EA in behaviorally uncooperative children undergoing complete dental rehabilitation using PAED scale. Thirty eight healthy children [ASAI and II] aged between 2 to 6 years, Frankl behavior category scales 1 or 2 scheduled for complete dental rehabilitation [CDR] under general anaesthesia were enrolled in the study protocol. Children were randomly allocated in a double-blind fashion to one of two groups according to the inhalational anaesthetic used for maintenance of anesthesia. Group S: Sevoflurane [1.0 +/- 0.2 MAC, age adjusted, n = 19] or Group D: Desflurane [1.0 +/- 0.2MAC, age adjusted, n = 19]. Paediartric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium [PAED] scale was used, a 5-point rating scale with 5 gradations for each item that has been validated to assess EA in children. Scoring was obtained multiple times and the peak was recorded for evaluation. Time to tracheal extubation, emergence behavior, recovery complications, and pain scores were assessed. PAED score at 15 min in the PACU was significantly higher [P < 0.05] in sevoflurane group. Similarly, as regards the peak PAED scale reached, children who received sevoflurane had a significant higher value 10 [3-19] min comparison to those who received desflurane 6 [2 - 14] min. Time to tracheal extubation was shorter in children who received desflurane. One case of vomiting in sevoflurane group and two cases in the desflurane group were encountered. The three cases were considered as grade 1 according to the 4-degree scale No differences were found between the study groups with respect to peak pain, time to discharge from PACU. The need for rescue medication was required for two children in sevoflurane group. In conclusion, maintenance of anaesthesia with desflurane resulted in less severe agitation with faster time for tracheal extubation than sevoflurane anesthesia in behaviorally uncooperative pre-school children undergoing complete dental rehabilitation. Although the time of PACU stay did not differ significantly, a more rapid immediate recovery from anaesthesia could be an additional benefit in such cases in a day-case surgery setup

Propriedades da anestesia inalatória com éter sulfúrico em ratos / Properties of the inhalatory anesthesia with sulfuric ether in rats

O éter etílico em cirurgia experimental, continua a ser utilizado, principalmente por apresentar baixo custo e fácil manuseio. No entanto, o controle rigoroso de sua comercializaçäo pela Polícia Federal, dificultou sosbremaneira sua aquisição. Desta maneira, o objetivo do presente é estudar as propriedades da anestesia inalatória com éter sulfúrico em ratos. Foram utilizados 20 Ratus norvegicus albinus, machos, adultos, pesando em média 278,6g. Distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo Éter Sulfúrico (GS7)(n=10) e Grupo Éter Sulfúrico (GS14)(n=10), cujos animais receberam éter sulfúrico inalatório, por 45 minutos diários, durante 7 e 14 dias consecutivos, respectivamente. A anestesia inalatória foi dividida em três períodos: indução, manutenção e recuperação pós-anestésica. Durante a anestesia foram monitorados a frequência respiratória, volume total de éter consumido, tempo de recuperação e presença de intercorrências. A freqüência respiratória e o tempo de recuperação não sofreram modificação estatisticamente significante da 1ª para 2ª semana do experimento, enquanto que o volume total de éter consumido foi significamente maior na 2ª em relação a 1ª semana do estudo. Houve um aumento da dificuldade de manutenção anestésica e uma diminuição da secreção traqueo-brônquica, significantes, da 1ª para 2ª semana. A anestesia inalatória com éter sulfúrico manteve a FR no limiar de 100 ipm, não causou óbito, demonstrou segurança a facilidade de manuseio da droga e um possível mecanismo de tolerância, induzindo pelo uso prolongado do éter sulfúrico por via inalatória, em ratos

Efeito de cálculos biliares humanos na cavidade peritoneal de ratos / Effects of human gallstones on the peritoneal cavity of rats

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar experimentalmente as características macroscópicas e microscópicas de cálculos biliares humanos na cavidade peritoneal de ratos. Foram utilizados 32 ratos Wistar, machos, pesando entre 205 e 268 g. Estes animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos e o procedimento cirúrgico foi realizado em cada grupo: no grupo A (n=16), os animais foram submetidos a manipulaçao intestinal; no grupo B (n=16), cálculos biliares humanos foram colocados na cavidade peritoneal. Os ratos foram avaliados no 21º e 42º dias do período pós-operatório. Os resultados mostraram que a simples manipulaçao causou aderências no animais (n=10). As aderências foram notadas em 11 cálculos no grupo B. Histologicamente nao houve fibrose intensa em torno do cálculo, principalmente no 42º dia do período pós-operatório. Nao foram observados macro ou micro abscessos e nao houve evidências de fluído livre intra-peritoneal. Este estudo demonstra que apesar da baixa incidência de complicaçoes, todas as tentativas devem ser feitas para recuperar cálculos perdidos durante colecistectomia.

Alteraçöes histopatológicas em ratos anestesiados com éter sulfúrico / Hystopathological alterations in rats anesthetized with sulfuric ether

O rato é o animal preferencialmente utilizado, tanto no âmbito anestésico como no cirúrgico experimental. Neste animal várias drogas e técnicas anestésicas têm sido utilizadas, dentre elas o éter por via inalatória, com uso de câmaras de induçäo e de vaporizadores de fluxo contínuo. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a estrutura histológica de órgäos de ratos anestesiados com éter sulfúrico por via inalatória. Foram utilizados 24 Rattus norvegicus albinus, machos, adultos, pesando 285 (+/-20) gramas, com 120 a 150 dias de vida, distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo A (n=12), no qual foi utilizado éter sulfúrico como agente anestésico inalatório, e Grupo C, grupo controle (n=12), em cujos animais näo foi realizado nenhum anestésico, sendo submetidos à eutanásia com injeçäo de 5 ml de cloreto de potássio a 10 por cento por via intra-peritonial. O grupo A foi dividido em 3 subgrupos: A1 (n=4), A7 (n=4) e A15 (n=4), cujos animais receberam anestesia por 30 minutos diários durante, um, sete e quinze dias consecutivos. Completado o ciclo anestésico de cada subgrupo, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia com dose inalatória letal de éter sulfúrico, sendo retiradas vísceras (cérebro, fígado, pulmäo, rim e traquéia), para análise macroscópica e estudo histopatológico. Dentre os resultados observados, fígado e encéfalo mostraram-se normais em ambos os grupos...

Prospective study of changes in serum calcium after diethyl-ether anaesthesia.

Changes in serum calcium after diethyl-ether anaesthesia given for various routine surgical operations, were studied in 30 patients. Mean (+/- SD) concentration (mg%) of serum calcium before induction of anaesthesia was 10.37 +/- 0.77. Serum calcium decreased by 0.05 per cent after 10 min of induction and by 3.33 per cent at the end of anaesthesia which was highly significant (P less than 0.001). There was a correlation (r = 0.63; P less than 0.01) between decline in serum calcium and duration of ether anaesthesia. Serum calcium returned to near normal levels after 24 h of ether anaesthesia. In view of the fall in serum calcium, it is emphasized that ether should be either avoided in patients with known or suspected hypocalcaemia or be used for as short a time as possible with due precaution and calcium supplementation.

Ventajas del etil acetato frente al eter etílico en el procesamiento del examen parasitológico de depocisiones mediante el método de Telemann modificado (MTM) / Advantages of ethyl acetate in face of ethyl eter in the procesing of parasitological examination of feces through the modified Telemann's method

Em 62 muestras de deposiciones, se practicó el método de Telemann Modificado (MTM) usando etil acetado como solvente orgánico. Se comparó su rendimiento con el MTM tradicional procesado con éter etílico en la pesquisa de parásitos intestinales. No se obtuvo diferencias en la morfología, capacidad tintorial frente a la tinción de MIF, ni en la frecuencia de hallazgos de quistes de E. histolytica, E. coli, E. nana y G. lamblia. Puesto que el etil acetato presenta ventajas prácticas sobre el eter etílico tales como su menor grado de inflamabilidad y otros, podría reemplazarlo en el procesamiento del MTM

Reaction of 2-ethoxycarbonyl4H,3,1-benzoxazin-4-one with amines

Bogert [1] claimed that'2-ethoxycarbonyl-4H-3, l-benzoxazin-4-one [1] reacted with excess aniline to yield the quinazolinone [III], [R=C[6]H[5]]. However, in our previous publications [2, 3]. We reported that the reaction of [1] with amines gave anthranilamides, while its reaction with hydrazines afforded amidrazone type of compounds. Errede and coworkers [4,5]reported that benzoxazinones react with amines in general to give amidines and/or anthranilamides via the nucleophilic attack of the amine on the electrophilic carbon-2 and/or carbon-4 of the benzoxazinone respectively, and only the amidines can undergo facile cyclodehydration to give quinazolinones. In the present study, we decided to reinvestigate the reaction of [I] with amino compounds, aiming at the synthesis of quinazolinone esters of pharmacological interest

Phenobarbitone pretreatment in bilharzial surgical patients receiving ether anesthesia: effect on some liver enzymes

The effect of phenobarbitone pretreatment was studied on bilharzial patients operated on for splenectomy. The pretreatment with phenobarbitone did not adversely affect bilharzial surgical patients receiving ether anaesthesia. The depressing effect of ether anaesthesia on some enzymes could even be overcome, particularly those sharing in carbohydrate metabolism. The enzymes involved in phosphate transfer and lipid catabolism were inhibited