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2.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 50(3): 211-219, 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-707766

ABSTRACT

A membrana amniótica (MA) consolidou-se no tratamento de afecções na superfície ocular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade do implante de MA equina em ceratoplastia lamelar de cães. As membranas amnióticas foram preservadas em glicerina (98%). A eficácia do implante foi acompanhada por avaliação clínica, tempo de cicatrização, resposta inflamatória e reconstrução da arquitetura da córnea. Foram selecionados 12 cães, que foram divididos em quatro grupos de três animais. Em cada animal, foi realizada ceratotomia lamelar com 5 mm de diâmetro, seguida de aplicação do implante de MA. Após cirurgia, os animais foram avaliados em diferentes tempos: 2, 7, 21 e 40 dias. Duran- te o período de observação, os exames oftalmológicos foram realizados com intervalo de 48 h e, após a última avaliação, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia. Os olhos foram enucleados, fixados e corados com hematoxilina-eosina (HE), ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS) e picrossirius. Os implantes foram completamente epitelizados em cerca de 10 dias após a cirurgia. Os neovasos apresentaram involução progressiva a partir de 21 dias e não foram detectados ao final de 40 dias pós-cirurgia, restando apenas uma nébula no local da lesão. À microscopia óptica, observou-se resposta inflama- tória moderada, presença de epitélio pavimentoso estratificado aos sete dias e epitelização completa aos 21 dias. Aos 40 dias, a membrana basal do epitélio apresentou-se reconstituída. Assim, concluímos que a membrana amniótica equina é viável como implante em córnea de cão, sendo incorporada ao estroma e resultando em restabelecimento parcial da transparência.


Amniotic membranes have been successfully used in the treatment of superficial corneal diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of use of equine amniotic membrane (AM) in lamellar keratoplasty of dogs. Amniotic membranes were preserved in glycerol (98%). Implant efficacy was assessed by clinical evaluation, time of healing, in-flammatory response, and the corneal architectural configuration. Twelve dogs were divided into four groups of three animals. In each animal, a 5-mm diameter lamellar keratectomy was performed, and followed by implantation of the AM. The animals were evaluated at the 2th, 7th, 21th, and 40th days after surgery. During this period, ophthalmological exams were performed at 48-h intervals, and the animals were euthanized after the last evaluation. The eyes were enu-cleated, included, fixed, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and picrosirius. Epitheli-zation of the implants was completed in about ten days after surgery. New vessels progressively diminished from 21 days on, were not detected on day 40 after surgery, and only a nebula was observed in the implant area. Optical microscopy revealed a mild inflammatory response, presence of squamous epithelium on day seven, and total epithelization on day 21 after surgery. On day 40, the basal epithelial membrane was shown to be reformed. Therefore, we conclude that use of equine amniotic membranes is feasible as implant for dog cornea since it is incorporated to the corneal stroma, and a relative transparency can be obtained.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Amnion/anatomy & histology , Eye Infections/microbiology , Dogs , Ophthalmology
3.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135953

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives: Infective keratitis is rare in the absence of predisposing factors. The pattern of risk factors predisposing to infective keratitis varies with geographical regions and also influences the type of infection that occurs. The present study was aimed to identify the specific risk factors that predispose the infective keratitis (non viral) and to determine the association between the risk factors identified and the microbial aetiology of infective keratitis in a geographic region (south India). Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients clinically diagnosed infective keratitis (non viral) presenting between September 1999 and September 2002 was performed to identify risk factors. After diagnosing infective keratitis clinically, corneal scrapes were performed and subjected to microscopy and culture. Results: A total of 3295 patients with infective keratitis were evaluated, of whom, 1138 (34.5%) patients had fungal growth alone, 1066 (32.4%) had bacterial growth alone, 33 (1%) had Acanthamoeba growth alone, 83 (2.5%) had mixed microbial growth and the remaining 975 (29.6%) had no growth. Corneal injury was identified in 2356 (71.5%) patients and it accounted for 91.9 per cent in fungal keratitis (P<0.0001) (OR: 73.5; 95%CI: 61.3-98.5), 28.1 per cent in bacterial keratitis and 100 per cent in Acanthamoeba keratitis (P<0.0001). Injuries due to vegetative matter (61.2%) was identified as significant risk for fungal keratitis (P<0.0001) (OR: 15.73; 95%CI: 12.7-19.49) and mud (84.85%) for Acanthamoeba keratitis (P<0.0001) (OR: 16.52; 95%CI: 6.35-42.99). Co-existing ocular diseases predisposing to bacterial keratitis accounted for 724 (69%) patients (P<0.0001) (OR: 33.31; 95%CI: 26.98-41.12). Bacterial pathogens alone were recovered from all 35 patients with contact lens associated keratitis (100%). Co-existing ocular diseases (78.3%) were frequently documented among patients older than 50 yr (P<0.0001) (OR: 27.0; 95%CI: 25.0-28.0) and corneal injury (89.7%) was frequently recorded among patients younger than 51 yr (P<0.0001) (OR: 72.0; 95%CI: 70.0-73.0). Interpretation & conclusions: Corneal injury was found to be the principal risk factor for fungal and Acanthamoeba keratitis, while co-existing ocular diseases for bacterial keratitis. Corneal injury with vegetative matter was more often associated with fungal keratitis and injury with mud with Acanthamoeba keratitis.


Subject(s)
Acanthamoeba Keratitis/etiology , Adult , Aged , Cornea/injuries , Eye Diseases/complications , Eye Infections/etiology , Eye Infections/microbiology , Eye Infections/parasitology , Eye Infections, Bacterial/etiology , Eye Infections, Fungal/etiology , Female , Humans , India , Keratitis/etiology , Keratitis/microbiology , Keratitis/parasitology , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
4.
SQUMJ-Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal. 2009; 9 (3): 337-340
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-93721

ABSTRACT

Acanthamoeba keratitis is a protozoal infection of the eye, mainly due to the use of non-sterile solutions, like saline for disinfecting contact lenses. We report a case where delay in the diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis due to inadequate laboratory investigations and clinical management led to an excruciatingly painful course of the disease. The importance of non-invasive imaging techniques of confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis, in the absence of positive culture reports, is highlighted in this case


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Keratoplasty, Penetrating , Microscopy, Confocal , Culture , Eye Infections/microbiology
5.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-16721

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Streptococcus pneumoniae is common in ocular and systemic infections and is a part of normal nasopharyngeal flora. Very few studies regarding genetic analysis of S. pneumoniae isolates causing eye infections are available. This study was undertaken to do pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis and ribotyping of S. pneumoniae isolates obtained from eye infections, systemic infections and nasopharyngeal flora. METHODS: Sixty one well characterized S. pneumoniae isolates (38 from ophthalmic infections, 9 from systemic infections and 14 commensals) were characterized using PFGE of the whole genome after SmaI, restriction enzyme digestion and conventional ribotyping using Escherichia coli rRNA operon as the probe. Phylogenetic tree was drawn using unweighted pair group method analysis (UPGMA). RESULTS: The 38 S. pneumoniae isolates from eye infections belonging to 15 serotypes were placed in to 11 PFGE types and 15 ribotypes. The 9 systemic isolates (7 seotypes) were distributed in 7 PFGE types and 6 ribotypes. The 14 commensal isolates were placed in 11 serotypes, 5 PFGE types and 6 ribotypes. Most of the PFGE types and ribotypes consisting of ocular isolates also contained systemic and commensal isolates. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Considerable genetic similarity was observed between the isolates from ocular and systemic infections and those colonized in nasopharynx. PFGE analysis could differentiate majority of the isolates according to site of infections. There was a considerable DNA polymorphism within the studied bacterial population.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Typing Techniques , DNA/metabolism , DNA, Bacterial/metabolism , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Eye Infections/microbiology , Genes, Bacterial , Humans , Models, Genetic , Molecular Weight , Phylogeny , Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology , Polymorphism, Genetic , Ribotyping/methods , Software , Streptococcus pneumoniae/metabolism
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 66(2): 223-225, mar.-abr. 2003. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-336046

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Relato de caso raro dé esclerite infecciosapor Nocardia astéroides, em paciente sem fatores de risco para esclerite. Métodos: Paciente feminina, de 38 anos, apresentando olho vermelho e dor durante 1 mês, com esclerite nodular no olho direito. Sem história prévia de trauma ou cirurgia ocular. Exames laboratoriais normais, sem doenças sistêmicas ou imuno-depressão. Foi submetida à biópsia diagnóstica, com ressecção conjuntival da área acometida, cuja cultura evidenciou Nocardia asteroides. Fez tratamento sistêmico com sulfametoxazol-trimetropima e tópico com colírio de amicacina. Após dois meses de tratamento apresentou remissão total do processo infeccioso e acuidade visual final corrigida 20/20. Conclusão: 0 diagnóstico e tratamento precoces na esclerite infecciosa por Nocardia asteroides podem permitir prognóstico visual satisfatório.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Eye Infections/microbiology , Nocardia asteroides , Scleritis , Ophthalmic Solutions/therapeutic use
7.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 65(3): 339-342, maio-jun. 2002. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-311043

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estabelecer os agentes mais comumente isolados nas ceratites, conjuntivites e endoftalmites no Laboratório de Microbiologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Säo Paulo, assim como determinar o perfil de sensibilidade destes agentes aos antibióticos. Métodos: Realizamos estudo retrospectivo analisando todos os prontuários oftalmológicos do banco de dados do Laboratório de Microbiologia da Santa Casa de Säo Paulo. Foram coletados os dados de todos os pacientes submetidos à colheita de material ocular nos últimos 5 anos (1994-1999). Selecionamos para estudo apenas os pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de conjuntivite, ceratite e endoftalmite. Os respectivos antibiogramas foram realizados e somente dados de antibiótico com aplicaçäo em oftalmologia foram analisados. Resultados: Dos 568 casos pesquisados, foram encontrados 282 casos de ceratite bacteriana (49,6 porcento), 214 de conjuntivites (37,7 porcento), 72 de endoftalmites (12,7 porcento). Obtivemos cultura negativa em 333 casos (58,9 porcento). O agente mais freqüentemente isolado foi S. aureus (73 casos; 31,0 porcento). Nas conjuntivites, o segundo agente mais freqüente foi Candida sp (6,6 porcento) e 38,3 porcento das culturas foram negativas. Nas ceratites, Pseudomonas aeruginosa apresentou 3,9 porcento de positividade. Nas endoftalmites, nas quais houve apenas 32 porcento de positividade, o segundo agente mais freqüente foi o S. pneumoniae (4,2 porcento). Conclusão: Culturas negativas foram achado mais freqüente. Quando nos deparamos com uma infecçäo ocular, as chances de o causador ser S. aureus säo muito grandes, portanto antes mesmo de se obter o resultado da cultura, tratamento que inclua S. aureus pode ser indicado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Conjunctivitis , Endophthalmitis , Eye Infections/microbiology , Keratitis , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
8.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 60(4): 298-302, abr. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-301583

ABSTRACT

Introdução: As infecções oculares são um desafio constante na prática oftalmológica diária. Material e Métodos: Foram analisados 155 casos de infecções oculares supostamente bacterianas, atendidos nos serviços do Instituto/Fundação Hilton Rocha, de janeiro de 1996 a dezembro de 1999. Resultados: O quadro clínico predominante foi a conjuntivite (29,6 por cento), seguido pela blefarite (27,09 por cento) e úlcera de córnea (21,29 por cento). Nos casos de cultura positiva, os microorganismos mais comumente isolados foram o estafilococos epidermidis (48,12 por cento) e o estafilococos aureus (38,34 por cento). Dentre os agentes patológicos detectados, o estafilococos aureus foi o que apresentou maior resistência aos antibióticos utilizados na prática oftalmológica (41,18 por cento a ofloxacina). Conclusão: A análise laboratorial rigorosa e a escolha criteriosa dos medicamentos, muitas vezes com associação de drogas, são passos fundamentasis para o sucesso nestes casos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Eye Infections, Bacterial/epidemiology , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Eye Infections/microbiology
9.
SJO-Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology. 1996; 10 (2): 57-68
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-43330
11.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 57(3): 154-8, jun. 1994. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-280046

ABSTRACT

Foi realizada uma investigaçäo por amostragem, com o objetivo de conhecer a prevalência de tracoma inflamatório em pré-escolares e escolares nos municípios de Franco da Rocha e Francisco Morato, para subsidiar a implantaçäo das açöes de controle da doença. Foram examinadas 1057 crianças selecionadas de uma amostra de escolares e pré-escolares. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista e exame ocular externo. A prevalência total de tracoma encontrada foi de 2,5 por cento, sendo 1,5 por cento de tracoma inflamatório. Outras afecçöes oculares também foram encontradas. Apesar da prevalência encontrada ser pequena, comparada às encontradas em outras áreas endêmicas no Estado, considerou-se importante a implantaçäo do sistema de vigilância epidemiológica na área.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Chlamydia trachomatis , Trachoma/diagnosis , Trachoma/physiopathology , Trachoma/microbiology , Trachoma/epidemiology , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Eye Infections/microbiology , Eye Infections/transmission
12.
SJO-Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology. 1994; 8 (4): 207-8
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-35423
14.
SJO-Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology. 1994; 8 (4): 225
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-35460
15.
SJO-Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology. 1991; 5 (2): 88-92
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-22183

ABSTRACT

The results from a randomized study in 110 patients with bacterial eye infections-mostly conjunctivitis-treated with Fucithalmic viscous eye suspension or chloramphenicol eye drops for 10 days are reported. The overall cure rate in the Fucithalmic group was 92%. However, in three patients the infection was caused by bacteria resistant against fusidic acid; if these are excluded the cure rate is 97%. The cure rate in the chloramphenicol group was 92%. The difference was not statistically significant. Two patients in group each group had local irritations of the eyes. The main advantage with Fucithalmic is that a b.i.d. dosage is sufficient, while chloramphenicol has to be given four to six times daily


Subject(s)
Humans , Fusidic Acid , Chloramphenicol , Eye Infections/microbiology
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