Retalho zigomático-palpebral: uma técnica opcional para a reconstrução da pálpebra inferior / Zygomatic-palpebral flap: an optional technique for lower eyelid reconstruction

Introdução: A reconstrução de pálpebra inferior representa um desafio peculiar ao cirurgião plástico, uma vez que traduz uma região facial de importância estética e funcional. O objetivo é apresentar uma técnica opcional para a reconstrução de defeitos da pálpebra inferior com o retalho cutâneo zigomáticopalpebral. Esta técnica mostra uma alternativa nos casos de pele escleroatrófica de pessoas idosas, bem como para pessoas jovens, que não apresentam redundância da pele palpebral superior, impossibilitando por exemplo o uso de enxertos de pálpebra superior ou retalhos como o de Fricke ou Tripier. Métodos: Os autores mostram a indicação do retalho em casos de ectrópio cicatricial, reconstrução após ressecção de neoplasias, associação com outros retalhos como de Hughes ou para cobertura de enxertos cartilaginosos. É um retalho de transposição composto por pele e subcutâneo, randomizado. A técnica baseia-se no uso de retalho local, de características muito semelhantes à área do defeito, o que permite mimetização, segurança e exequibilidade. Resultados: Os resultados imediatos e tardios são satisfatórios e bem aceitos pelos pacientes e pela equipe cirúrgica em termos estéticos e funcionais, com oclusão palpebral adequada e lubrificação ocular preservada. Conclusão: O retalho zigomático-palpebral apresenta como vantagens a simplicidade de execução, sangramento mínimo, baixa morbidade de área doadora e feito sob anestesia local. O objetivo de reconstruir defeitos da pálpebra é restaurar a anatomia e função. Esta pode ser uma tarefa desafiadora, especialmente em defeitos maiores que podem estar presentes nos procedimentos oncológicos em jovens e em idosos com pele escleroatrófica e mínima frouxidão.

Introduction: Lower eyelid reconstruction represents a unique challenge to plastic surgeons, since it involves a facial region of aesthetic and functional importance. The objective is to present an optional technique for the reconstruction of lower eyelid defects using zygomatic-palpebral skin flap. This technique represents an alternative in cases of scleroatrophic skin in older patients, and for young people who do not have an upper eyelid skin redundancy, which prevents, for example, the use of upper eyelid grafts or flaps such as those of Fricke or Tripier. Methods: The authors describe the flap used in cases of cicatricial ectropion and reconstruction after resection of neoplasms and association with other flaps, such as those of Hughes, or for coverage of cartilage grafts. The flap consisted of a transposition flap made up of skin and underlying subcutaneous tissues, randomized . The technique was based on the use of a local flap with highly similar characteristics to the defect area, which allowed it to mimic functions, while being safe and feasible. Results: The immediate and late results in terms of aesthetics and function were satisfactory and well accepted by patients and the surgical team, with adequate eyelid occlusion and preserved ocular lubrication. Conclusion: The advantages of the zygomatic-palpebral flap are its ease of execution, minimal bleeding, low morbidity of the donor area, and the use of local anesthesia. The reconstruction of eyelid defects aims to restore anatomy and function. This can be a challenging task, especially in cases with larger defects that may be present after oncologic procedures both in young and old patients presenting with scleroatrophic skin and minimal tissue laxity.

Leucemia linfocítica crónica con infiltración ocular / Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with eye infiltration

La incidencia de la leucemia linfocítica crónica (LLC) aumenta progresivamente con la edad; aproximadamente el 75 por ciento de los casos presentan 60 años o más. Este tipo de leucemia es más frecuente en varones y se desconoce su causa, existen casos que son de origen hereditario. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con el diagnóstico de LLC con infiltración ocular. Paciente blanco, masculino de 76 años de edad con antecedentes de salud de haber sido diagnosticado con LLC desde hace 5 años que se trata con Leukeran (Clorambucil) (2mg) 2 tabletas en el almuerzo y 3 tab en la comida, así como de prednisona (5mg) 1 cada 8 horas solo cuando está descompensado. Hace alrededor de 3 días comenzó con astenia, anorexia, mareos, dolor e inflamación del párpado superior derecho. El examen físico, la biopsia del párpado superior y el frotis de sangre revelaron la presencia de una recaída hematológica de la LLC con infiltración ocular(AU)

The incidence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) increases progressively with age, approximately 75 percent of cases present 60 years or more. This type of leukemia is more frequent in men and its cause is unknown, there are cases that are of hereditary origin. A clinical case of a patient with the diagnosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia with ocular infiltration is presented. A 76-year-old white male patient with a health history of having been diagnosed with a Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia for 5 years who is treated with Leukeran (Chlorambucil) ( 2mg) 2 tab at lunch and 3 at night; and prednisone (5mg) 1 tab every 8 hours. About 3 days ago begins with asthenia, anorexia, dizziness, pain and swelling of the upper right eyelid. Physical examination, upper eyelid biopsy and blood smears reveal the presence of a hematological relapse with ocular infiltration(AU)

Unilateral floppy eyelid syndrome with ipsilateral intolerance to brimonidine / Síndrome da palpebral flácida unilateral com intolerância a brimonidina ipsilateral

Abstract The authors report a case of unilateral floppy eyelid syndrome with ipsilateral intolerance to brimonidine in a 65-year-old man. The singularity of this case is the combination of two rare illnesses of great phlogistic potentiality in the same eye. The purpose of this article is to report a case of unilateral floppy eyelid syndrome with ipsilateral intolerance to brimonidine, emphasizing a possible relation between them. The result was a unilateral keratopathy that emulated an intraepithelial neoplasia. The key to solving the problem was an unexplained anterior uveitis that raised the suspicion of drug toxicity.The upper eyelid eversion of the affected eye during sleep seemed to be the common denominator of both ailments. The bizarre aspect of the epitheliopathy most likely resulted from the combination of trauma, insufficient lubrication, and drug intolerance.

Resumo Os autores relatam um caso de síndrome da pálpebra flácida unilateral com intolerância ipsilateral à brimonidina em um homem de 65 anos de idade. A singularidade deste caso é a combinação de duas doenças raras de grande potencialidade inflamatória no mesmo olho. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso de síndrome da pálpebra flácida com intolerância ipsilateral à brimonidina, enfatizando uma possível relação entre eles. O resultado foi uma ceratopatia unilateral que simulou uma neoplasia intra-epitelial. A chave para resolver o problema foi uma uveíte anterior inexplicável que levantou a suspeita de toxicidade medicamentosa. A eversão da pálpebra superior do olho afetado durante o sono parece ser o denominador comum de ambas as doenças. O aspecto bizarro da epiteliopatia provavelmente resultou da combinação de trauma, lubrificação insuficiente e intolerância ao medicamento.

Ectopia cilia with pedigree analysis: Second case report in the world.

We present a case of ectopia cilia in a 28‑year‑old male patient. Ectopia cilia was were seen in the outer third of left upper eyelid. The patient’s maternal grandfather also had ectopia cilia of the left upper eyelid as reported by the patient’s mother. Ectopia cilia is a rare condition seen in humans. Only 12 cases of ectopic cilia in humans have been reported so far in the world. The present case of ectopia cilia is the second case report in the world with pedigree analysis.

A rare case of orbital apex syndrome with herpes zoster ophthalmicus in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient.

We report a rare instance of favorable outcome in orbital apex syndrome secondary to herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patient. The patient complained of pain and decrease in vision in one eye (20/640) for 2 weeks accompanied with swelling, inability to open eye, and rashes around the periocular area and forehead. The presence of complete ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, relative afferent pupillary defect, and anterior uveitis with decreased corneal sensation prompted a diagnosis of HZO with orbital apex syndrome. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test and a low CD4 count confirmed HIV. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), systemic acyclovir, and systemic steroids were started. Visual acuity and uveitis improved within 10 days. By the end of the fourth week, ocular motility also recovered and the final visual acuity was 20/25. We highlight the role of HAART, used in conjunction with systemic steroid and acyclovir therapy, in improving the outcome.

Lower Eyelid Epiblepharon Associated with Lower Eyelid Retraction

PURPOSE: To describe a series of patients with lower eyelid epiblepharon associated with lower eyelid retraction. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent surgery for lower eyelid retraction, epiblepharon, or thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) between October 1999 and March 2007. Patients with both lower eyelid retraction and epiblepharon on preoperative examination were included in this study. RESULTS: Twenty-seven eyelids of 20 patients with both lower eyelid retraction and epiblepharon were enrolled. The underlying causes of lower eyelid retraction included congenital retraction (seven eyelids), congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM; seven eyelids), TAO (seven eyelids), post-operative cicatricial retraction (five eyelids), and facial nerve palsy (one eyelid). Eight of 27 eyelids were successfully corrected after the repair of retraction without the repair of epiblepharon, regardless of the cause of lower eyelid retraction. Another four eyelids with epiblepharon associated with TAO resolved after only orbital decompression. Cilia-everting sutures were additionally applied for epiblepharon in another 14 eyelids, 12 of which did not require the excision of a skin fold or the orbicularis muscles. Only one eyelid with mild retraction and epiblepharon underwent simple epiblepharon repair. Recurrence of retraction or epiblepharon developed in three eyelids during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In cases with both lower eyelid retraction and epiblepharon, the retraction should be repaired first, and then the epiblepharon can be corrected selectively according to the severity of the case.

Metástasis inusual de adenocarcinoma prostático a piel de párpado: a propósito de un caso / Unusual metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma to skin of the eyelid: report of a case

El cáncer metastásico que aparece en el ojo, proviene de un cáncer primario de la mama en mujeres y de los pulmones en el hombre. Otros sitios de origen, menos comunes incluyen la próstata, riñones, tiroides y tracto gastrointestinal. Las metástasis orbitarias de carcinoma de próstata son raras. Se trata de paciente masculino de 72 años de edad quien acudió por presentar clínica de aumento de volumen del párpado superior izquierdo con edema, equimosis de 3 meses de evolución, no doloroso a la palpación con limitación de los movimientos oculares. Se le realizaron 2 biopsias la primera incisional que reportó patrón inflamatorio, posteriormente escisional que reportó neoplasia epitelial maligna poco diferenciada de origen glandular, compatible con adenocarcinoma poco diferenciado de probable origen ecrino. Se le indicó estudios de extensión: 1. RMN de cara y cuello: Componente de aspecto infiltrativo a nivel de párpado y contenido de la órbita izquierda con proptosis secundaria y compromiso del aparato muscular sin afectación nervio óptico. 2. TAC: Tórax, abdomen, pelvis: Adenopatía axilar izquierda y retroperitoneales, múltiples, imágenes metastásica osteoblásticas en todo el esqueleto evaluado, aumento de densidad prostática medidas 4,5 por 3,2 cm. Se le realiza PSA total, libre, relación PSAL/PSAT obteniendo valores anormales y biopsia prostática positiva para ADC prostático. Se inició tratamiento con antiandrógenos + análogos de LHRH. Las metástasis a párpados del adenocarcinoma prostático es una entidad rara, que es necesario sospecharla para el diagnóstico etiológico primario.

Generally, cancer metastatic that appears in eye comes from a primary cancer of the mamma in women and of lungs in man. Other origin places, less common includes prostate, kidneys, thyroid and gastrointestinal tract. Metastasis would orbit of prostate carcinoma they are strange. With everything, there are more than 55 cases indexed in the current literature. Patient masculine 72 years of age who went to present clinic of increase of volume of the left superior lid with edema, ecchymosed of 3 months of evolution, not painful to palpation with limitation of ocular movements. He is carried out 2 biopsies the first incisional which report inflammatory pattern, later on escisional that report wicked epithelial neoplasia little differentiated of glandular origin, compatible with adenocarcinoma little differentiated of probable origin ecrino. Is indicated extension studies: 1. RMN neck: Report component of aspect infiltrating to lid level and content of it orbits her left with secondary proptosis commitment of the muscular apparatus without affectation optic nerve. 2. TAC: Thorax, abdomen, pelvis: Adenopathy axillaries left and retroperitoneal, multiple, images osteoblastic in whole valued skeleton, increase of density measured prostatic 4.5 for 3.2 cm. Carried out total, free PSA, relationship PSAL/PSAT obtaining abnormal securities and biopsy positive prostatic for ADC prostatic. Reason why began treatment with anti-androgens + similar of LHRH. The metastasis to lids of adenocarcinoma prostatic is strange entity but is necessary to suspect for the diagnosis and etiologic primary.

Pott's puffy tumor following an insect bite.

Pott's puffy tumor, a feature of osteomyelitis of the frontal bone, is a rare entity, especially in adults. Sir Percival Pott originally described this condition as a complication of trauma to the frontal bone. This is also a recognized complication of fronto-ethmoidal sinusitis. We present a rare case of Pott's puffy tumor caused by an insect bite presenting initially as a preseptal cellulitis and explore its pathogenesis and management.

Eletrólise com radiofrequência no tratamento da triquíase / Treatment of trichiasis with high-frequency radio wave electrosurgery

OBJETIVOS: Triquíase é uma condição adquirida dos cílios, que perdem o direcionamento normal e tocam a superfície ocular. O tratamento da triquíase tem sido um problema terapêutico. Apesar das várias modalidades de tratamento: epilação mecânica, eletrólise com bipolar, crioterapia, fotocoagulação com laser de argônio e procedimentos cirúrgicos, a recidiva da triquíase é comum. Com o objetivo de encontrar técnica próxima ao ideal, realizamos estudo utilizando eletrólise com aparelho de radiofreqüência, avaliando-se a efetividade da técnica. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados, prospectivamente, 34 pacientes (54 segmentos palpebrais) com triquíase, submetidos à eletrólise com aparelho de radiofreqüência. Reavaliaram-se os pacientes em oito semanas, quanto à cura, recidiva e possíveis complicações. RESULTADOS: Observou-se a cura da triquíase com apenas uma única sessão de eletrólise com radiofreqüência em 22 pacientes e com duas ou mais sessões em 12 pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A eletrólise com aparelho de radiofreqüência é método simples, de baixo custo, que não demanda experiência do cirurgião, com ausência de complicações relevantes e com alto índice de sucesso.

PURPOSE: Trichiasis is an acquired condition in which the eyelashes are directed posteriorly, touching the surface of the cornea. It poses a complex therapeutic problem. Despite several therapeutic options (epilation, electroepilation, cryotherapy, laser ablation and standard surgical techniques), relapse is frequent. METHODS: A prospective, nonmasked study was conducted to determine the efficacy of high-frequency radioelectrosurgery for treatment of trichiasis. Thirty-four patients (fifty-four eyelid segments) were treated with this technique. After eight weeks, all patients were reviewed regarding the success rate, relapse and complications. RESULTS: Cure was achieved after only one session of treatment in twenty-two patients, and two or more sessions in the remaining twelve. No complications have been reported. CONCLUSIONS: We consider high-frequency radioelectrosurgery a simple, not expensive, effective and free of complications technique for the treatment of trichiasis.

Eyelid involvement in disseminated chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Eye involvement in chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE) has been reported infrequently. We describe two cases of disseminated CCLE, a 50-year-old woman and a 45-year-old man, with eyelid involvement and disease duration of 4 and 20 years respectively. The first patient showed an excellent response to chloroquine while there was lack of response in the second patient.

A rare case of both eyelids swelling: isolated conjunctival amyloidosis.

Amyloid is an eosinophilic, amorphous protein that has been reported to deposit in virtually any tissue or organ and when extensive, may attain tumourous proportions. We present a rare case where both the upper and lower palpebral conjunctiva were affected by amyloid deposition.

Uma cantopexia simples / a simple canthopexy

As cantopexias säo, atualmente, intimamente integradas às bleforoplastias inferiores.Podem ser de dois tipos: com cantotomia e sem cantotomia.A técnica do tipo sem cantotomia que empregamos evita a desinserçäo do ligamento cantal lateral, fixando o ligamento cantal lateral no reborbo orbitário, com fio inabsorvível, tendo como via de acesso a ferida da blefaroplastia superior.118 pacientes foram submetidos à blefaroplastia.É um rápido procedimento que diminui, sensivelmente, a morbidade.Pode ser empregado com sucesso em blefaropatias onde há moderada flacidez palpebral inferior.

Nevo melanocítico congénito: una forma particular, el nevo dividido palpebral / Congenital melanocytic nevus: a particular type, split palpebral nevus

El nevo dividido palpebral (NDP) es una forma particular de nevo melanocítico congénito (NMC), que constituye un marcador biológico del período fetal en el cual se forman estos nevos. Nos induce a pensar que tiene que originarse durante o después de la fusión palpebral y antes de su aperura definitiva. En los fetos humanos, los párpados se forman entre la 5a. y 6a. semana, y comienzan a fusionarse entre la 8a. y 9a. semanas, para reabrirse durante el 6º mes de vida intrauterina. Por lo tanto, es posible que éste sea el período en el cual se forman los NMC (entre la 10a. semana y el 6º mes). Hemos tenido la oportunidad de estudiar 3 pacientes con NDP y dada la importancia biológica de los mismos y su escasa observación, nos parece de interés comunicarlos

Clinical evaluation of corneal diseases associated with floppy eyelid syndrome

We examined 18 cases of floppy eyelid syndrome, first reported in the Orient, in patients ranging in age from 11 to 55 years (mean 24 years); 16 were men and two were women. In contrast to previous reports in which almost all patients were obese men, only three of our patients were mildly obese. The most common abnormal corneal finding was punctate epithelial keratopathy (five patients-28%). Keratoconus was detectable in three patients (17%) overall; it was bilateral in one case and unilateral in two. Other miscellaneous corneal findings were corneal astigmatism and corneal opacity. In two cases, we found a familial tendency to skin hyperextensibility and joint hypermobility, and in one case, floppy eyelid syndrome developed after pars plana vitrectomy. The pathogenesis of the syndrome is still unknown, but our findings suggest that the more important pathogenetic risk factors are not obesity and sleeping pattern, but genetic collagen and/or elastin abnormality.

Tratamento dos ectrópicos palpebrais graves pós-blefaroplastia com enxerto composto de pele e pericôndrio / Perichondro-cutaneous graft in the treatment of cicatricial ectropium

O enxerto de pele e pericôndrio obtido da face anterior da concha auricular representa uma nova modalidade de tratamento do ectrópico da pálpebra inferior. O emprego clínico deste emxerto se baseia na sus atividade condrogênica, bastante etudada experimentalmente. Tratamos 57 ectrópios cicatriciais da pálpebra inferior pós-blefaroplastia. Observamos o crescimento de uma camada de tecido cartilaginoso neoformado em 5 caos de 12 biopsiados. Nos outros 7 caosos que foram estudados, näo foi evidenciado crescimento de tecido cartilaginoso, porém, mostravam uma intensa proliferaçäo de fibras colágenas na derme profunda, simulando o tarso. Em todos os casos tratados o aspecto estético foi excelente e as pálpebras se tornaram firmes, apresentando um perfeito suporte local. As áreas doadoras cicatrizam perfeitamente sem cicatrizes aparentes.

Síndrome da flacidez palpebral / Floppy eyelid syndrome

Este trabalho apresenta um caso de síndrome de flacidez palpebral (Floppy Eyelid Syndrome) unilateral. Esta síndrome caracteriza-se por uma conjuntivite papilar crônica e a existência de uma flacidez da pálpebra superior, juntamente com uma perda da elasticidade do tarso, que se everte facilmente ao ser tracionado para cima, achado fundamental para o diagnóstico. Deve ser feito o diagnóstico diferencial com outras causas de conjuntivites papilares crônicas: ceratoconjuntivite límbica superior, conjuntivite medicamentosa, alérgica, infecciosa crônica, reaçoes por corpo estranho e lentes de contato e neoplasia.