Tarsal buckling como complicação de correção cirúrgica de ptose congênita / Tarsal buckling as a complication of surgery to treat congenital ptosis

RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou relatar um caso de tarsal buckling associado a prolapso conjuntival e à inversão de pálpebra superior como complicação da correção cirúrgica de ptose residual. Paciente do sexo feminino, 15 anos, portadora de ptose palpebral residual unilateral em olho direito, secundária à correção parcial da ptose palpebral congênita operada na infância. A segunda abordagem cirúrgica foi realizada com ressecção da aponeurose do músculo levantador da pálpebra superior, que evoluiu com inversão conjuntival da pálpebra superior. A fragilidade estrutural do tarso é a principal hipótese para justificar o tarsal buckling subsequente à cirurgia. Houve resolução completa do tarsal buckling, porém houve também persistência da ptose palpebral. O tarsal buckling é, portanto, uma complicação cirúrgica incomum, que pode ocorrer na correção da ptose palpebral, em que há rotação posterior da metade superior do tarso, fazendo com que este se curve verticalmente sobre seu eixo, favorecendo o prolapso conjuntival. A suspeição diagnóstica e a reabordagem cirúrgica precoce favorecem a resolução da condição e previnem possíveis complicações visuais.

ABSTRACT This paper aimed to report a case of tarsal buckling associated with conjunctival prolapse and upper eyelid inversion as a complication of surgical correction of residual ptosis. A 15-year-old female patient with unilateral residual eyelid ptosis in the right eye, secondary to partial correction of congenital blepharoptosis operated in childhood. The second surgery was performed with resection of the upper eyelid levator muscle aponeurosis, which progressed to conjunctival inversion of the upper eyelid. The structural fragility of the tarsus is the main hypothesis to justify tarsal buckling after surgery. There was complete resolution of tarsal buckling, but persistence of blepharoptosis. Tarsal buckling is an infrequent surgical complication that can occur in correction of blepharoptosis, when there is posterior rotation of the upper half of the tarsus, causing it to curve vertically on its axis and favoring conjunctival prolapse. Establishing diagnosis and early reoperation favor resolution of the condition and avoid possible visual complications.

Apresentação periorbitária de doença relacionada ao IgG4 / Periorbital presentation of IgG4 related disease

Resumo A doença relacionada ao IgG4 é uma condição imunomediada caracterizada pela presença de lesões com reação inflamatória associada à fibrose e à infiltração linfoplasmocitária rica em plasmócitos tissulares IgG4 positivos, compondo um espectro de doenças fibroproliferativas. A patogênese da DRIgG4 ainda é pouco compreendida e o tratamento é empírico. Relatamos o caso de um homem de 50 anos com lesões amareladas palpebrais associadas a edema local, diagnosticadas previamente como processo alérgico, até que biópsia com estudo imuno-histoquímico e dosagem de IgG4 sérico aventaram a hipótese de doença relacionada ao IgG4. Foi iniciado tratamento com corticoide e rituximabe, observando-se estabilização do quadro e sem apresentação de outras formas clínicas da doença.

Abstract IgG4-Related Disease is an immunomediated condition that is characterized by the presence of inflammatory lesions associated with fibrosis and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration rich in positive IgG4 tissue plasmocytes, forming a spectrum of fibroproliferative diseases. The pathogenesis of IgG4-RD is still poorly understood and the treatment is empirical. We report the case of a 50-year-old man with yellow eyelid lesions associated with local edema, previously diagnosed as an allergic process, until biopsy with immunohistochemical study and serum IgG4 dosage revealed the hypothesis of IgG4 related disease. Treatment with corticoid and rituximab was initiated, showing stabilization of the condition, without presenting other clinical forms of the disease.

Botulinum toxin for treating unilateral apraxia of eyelid opening in a patient with congenital myotonia / Tratamento da apraxia de abertura palpebral unilateral em portador de miotonia congênita com botulinum toxin

ABSTRACT A 37-year-old female presented with severe apraxia of lid opening (ALO) affecting the right upper lid associated with Becker congenital myotonia (MC). The patient had a history of right upper lid ptosis for 25 years that was exacerbated over the previous month with severe incapacity to open her right eye. No other associated neurological or ophthalmic symptoms were observed. The patient was treated with botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) injection into the pretarsal and lateral canthus region of the orbicularis oculi of the affected eyelid. Treatment with BoNT-A is an effective method of managing ALO in Becker MC. This is the first case of unilateral ALO in the course of Becker MC that was successfully treated with injections of botulinum toxin.

RESUMO Trata-se de uma mulher de 37 anos apresentando grave apraxia de abertura da pálpebra (AAP) superior direita associada com miotomia congênita de Becker (MC). A paciente há 25 anos apresentava ptose palpebral a direita e há um mês desenvolveu incapacidade de abertura do olho direito. Não havia associação com outro sintoma neurológico ou oftalmológico. A paciente recebeu injeção de botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) no músculo orbicular a direita, na região pretarsal e no canto lateral. A BoNT-A foi efetiva para o tratamento da AAP associada com miotomia congênita de Becker.

Retracción palpebral de causa neurológica: presentación de tres pacientes, interpretación patogénica / Eyelid retraction of neurologic origin: report of three cases

Eyelid retraction, has received limited attention and it has passively been interpreted as the result of an overactive levator palpebrae superioris muscle secondary to midbrain injury. However, eyelid retractions can occur in other neurological diseases, not directly related with the midbrain. We report three patients who developed eyelid retraction. One patient had a bilateral eyelid retraction, related with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Another patient had a unilateral right eyelid retraction associated with a thalamic-mesencephalic infarct. The third patient had a bilateral pontine infarction on magnetic resonance imaging. In the patient with CJD, eyelid retraction did not subside. Among patients with infarctions, the retraction persisted after focal symptoms had subsided, showing an evolution that was apparently independent of the basic process. The analysis of these patients allows us to conclude that the pathogenesis of eyelid retraction includes supranuclear mechanisms in both the development and maintenance of the phenomenon. Unilateral or bilateral eyelid retraction does not alter the normal function of eyelid, which ever had normal close eye blink. In these reported cases, a hyperactivity of levator palpebrae superioris muscle was clinically ruled out.

Serum lipid profile and clinical characteristics of patients with xanthelasma palpebrarum

Abstract: Background: Although many factors are involved in the etiology of xanthelasma palpebrum, lipid disorder is strongly associated with its induction. Xanthelasma palpebrum, the most common type of xanthoma, usually presents in middle-aged females and results in aesthetic problems. Objective: To evaluate thelipid profile and important clinical aspects of xanthelasma palpebrum patients. Methods: In this descriptive study, we enrolled 42xanthelasma palpebrumpatients, and 42 cases of non-inflammatory skin disorders as thecontrol group, matched for age and gender.The clinical characteristics of the patients and fasting serum lipid profile were recorded for both groups. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS-16. Results: Xanthelasma palpebrum was found more commonly in middle-aged females with disease onset of less than 1 year, and without significant familial history of xanthoma. Furthermore,xanthelasma lesionswere most often seen in the upper lid with mild extension and was rarely associated with systemic disease. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding hypertriglyceridemia (p= 0.231) and hypercholesterolemia (p= 0.302). The mean serum levels of cholesterol (221.51±60.4 mg/dl), triglyceride (185.98±71.1 mg/dl) and VLDL (37.7±17.6 mg/dl) were significantly higher and themedian HDL (36.2 (31, 41) mg/dl) level was lower in thepatient group. Conclusion: In our study, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia did not reveal a significant difference between thepatient and control groups; however, mean serum values for cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL and HDL showed a significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, in addition to lipid abnormality, other factors could be involved in the pathogenesis of xanthelasma palpebrum.

Loxoscelismo cutáneo predominantemente edematoso: a propósito de un caso / Cutaneous loxoscelism mainly edematous: a case report

In Chile, loxoscelism is caused by the bite of the Loxosceles laeta spider. The clinical presentation has two different forms: cutaneous loxoscelism (CL) and vicero-cutaneous loxoscelism, which is less frequent. Cutaneous loxoscelism includes an uncommon clinical variation (4%), called CL with edematous predominance (CLEP). We present a 5-year-old patient with sudden pain and edema on his right eyelid associated with fever, which progressed rapidly involving the right hemifacial area, frontal region, and left eyelid. Angioedema and pre-orbital cellulitis were discarded and CLEP was suspect. Cutaneous loxoscelism with an edematous predominance is self-limited, benign and with little or no necrotic injury due to the edema, which dilutes the toxin-induced enzymatic process causing necrosis. As in the reported cases it usually responds well to medical treatment and does not cause visceral involvement.

El loxoscelismo en Chile es un cuadro producido por la mordedura de la araña Loxosceles laeta. Las formas de presentación son: loxoscelismo cutáneo (LC) y loxoscelismo cutáneo-visceral (LCV), el último menos frecuente. Dentro del LC existe una variante poco común (4%) conocida como loxoscelismo cutáneo predominantemente edematoso (LCPE). Nuestro caso es un paciente de 5 años que consultó por cuadro de inicio súbito de dolor y edema palpebral derecho, asociado a fiebre el cual evolucionó con rápida progresión extendiéndose en la hemicara derecha, región frontal y párpado izquierdo. Se descartó un angioedema y una celulitis periorbitaria, sospechándose un LCPE. Se manejó con hidrocortisona y clorfenamina. El LCPE es un cuadro benigno, autolimitado, en que no está presente la lesión necrótica o ésta es insignificante. Predomina el edema, el cual abortaría la necrosis al diluir el proceso enzimático producido por el veneno. Tiene buena respuesta al tratamiento médico, con ausencia de compromiso visceral.

Extrusion of hydrogel exoplant into upper eyelid 16 years after a scleral buckle procedure.

Sixteen years after scleral buckle surgery with a hydrogel episcleral exoplant, a 43-year-old woman presented with progressive binocular diplopia, ptosis, and an expanding mass in her upper eyelid. She underwent surgical removal of the hydrogel exoplant through an anterior approach. The exoplant proved to be friable, fragmented, and encapsulated in a fibrous tissue; the exoplant was removed in its entirety. Postoperatively, the eyelid mass resolved, while her diplopia and ptosis improved slightly.

Floppy eyelid syndrome: review / Síndrome da frouxidão palpebral: revisão da literatura

Floppy eyelid syndrome is characterized by the easy evertion of the upper eyelid which occurs spontaneously during the sleep, causing the exposure of the eye surface and chronic papillary conjunctivitis. Its pathogenesis is not totally defined yet: it is usually more frequent in middle-aged, male obese patients and it is associated with systemic disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea, high blood pressure and diabetes. On the occasions which conservative treatment fails, surgical procedures present good results, including surgical techniques which are constantly evolving.

A síndrome de frouxidão palpebral é caracterizada pela fácil eversão da pálpebra que ocorre espontaneamente durante o sono causando exposição dos olhos, com consequente conjuntivite papilar crônica. Sua patogênese ainda não está totalmente definida e é mais comum em pacientes masculinos, obesos, de meia idade e está associada a doenças sistêmicas como apnéia obstrutiva do sono, hipertensão arterial e diabetes. Quando o tratamento clínico não apresenta boa resposta, procedimentos cirúrgicos apresentam bons resultados, com técnicas em constante evolução.

Gold weight implantation as a treatment measure for correction of paralytic lagophthalmos.

Ocular complications from facial nerve paralysis can be quite devastating. Facial nerve paralysis results in cosmetic as well as functional problems. Paralysis of the upper eyelids leads to lagophthalmos, which results in incomplete closure of the lid over the cornea, leading to potential complication of corneal ulceration. The management of the affected eye in patients with facial palsy has been improved. Previously, ointment, eye drops, taping, partial or complete tarsorrhaphy was the primary treatment for inability to close the eyelid. Other mechanical techniques for reanimating lid closure are palpebral springs, encircling the upper and lower eyelids with silicone or fascia lata and temporalis muscle transfer. The most popular and widely used static procedure in facial nerve palsy is the upper eyelid gold weight implant. Gold eyelid implants are designed for the gravity assisted treatment of the functional defect of lagophthalmos resulting from facial paralysis. We report a case of a patient with facial paralysis who underwent gold weight implantation of the upper eyelid for correction of paralytic lagophthalmos.

Lipoid proteinosis in two Iranian sisters: a case report and review of literature

Lipoid proteinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder which may be seen within a family very occasionally. Herein, we report lipoid proteinosis in two sisters characterized by verrucous lesions and hoarseness of voice, dysphagia and multiple beaded papules along the margins of their eyelids, fissured lips and thick ferenulum

Necrose de canto medial associado a hanseníase virchowiana: relato de caso / Medial canthus necrosis associated with Hansen's disease: case report

O caso em relato aborda uma etiologia rara para necrose de canto medial da pálpebra com comprometimento do sistema canalicular em uma paciente em tratamento para hanseníase virchowiana. O exame histopatológico da lesão necrótica evidenciou reação inflamatória granulomatosa com acúmulo de histiócitos e presença de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes. Após tratamento medicamentoso a paciente apresentou uma evolução favorável com recuperação espontânea da arquitetura do canto medial, porém com destruição total do sistema canalicular.

In the present case we deal with a medial eyelid necrosis and injury of the canalicular system in a patient in treatment for lepromatous leprosy. Histology of the necrotic lesion showed granulomatous inflammatory reaction with accumulation of histiocytes and presence of alcohol-acid resistant bacilli. After medical treatment, the patient had a spontaneous recovery of the medial canthus architecture but with complete destruction of the canalicular system.

Manejo quirúrgico de la orbitopatía de graves / Surgical management in graves' orbitopathy

La enfermedad de Graves corresponde a un síndrome que comprende: bocio hipertiroídeo habitualmente, oftalmopatía asociada a la tiroides y dermatopatía. No se cuenta con estadísticas nacionales, sin embargo la mayoría de los estudios internacionales muestran una frecuencia mayor en la mujer. Desde el punto de vista del manejo quirúrgico de esta enfermedad, éste se basa en tres etapas fundamentales: descompresión orbitaria, cirugía de los músculos extraoculares y finalmente la cirugía de reposicionamiento palpebral, no todos los pacientes requieren estos tres tipos de tratamiento, pero en caso de necesitarlos esta debe ser la secuencia. La indicación quirúrgica dependerá de la fase en que se encuentre el paciente, idealmente deberá realizarse en la fase de inactividad de la enfermedad caracterizada por la ausencia de signología inflamatoria periocular. Este artículo está destinado a mostrar las alternativas quirúrgicas en el tratamiento de las complicaciones oculares de la Orbitopatía de Graves orientado principalmente hacia el exoftálmo y la patología palpebral

Graves' disease is a syndrome comprising usually hyperthyroid goiter, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and dermopathy. We do not have national statistics, however International studies show a grater frequency in females. Surgical management is based in three stages: orbital decompression, eye muscle surgery and finally eyelid repositioning, not every patient needs all of these surgical treatments, but in case they do need them this must be the sequence. Surgical indication will depend on the phase of the disease; ideally it will be performed in the phase of inactivity of the disease, which is characterized by the absence of periocular inflammatory signs. This article describes the surgical alternatives in the treatment of the ocular complications in the Graves' orbitopathy, oriented mainly towards exophthalmos and palpebral disease

Lente de contato escleral na reabilitação ocular de pacientes com síndrome de Stevens-Johnson / Scleral contact lens for ocular rehabilitation in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia do uso das lentes de contato esclerais no manejo das sequelas oculares de pacientes portadores de síndrome de Stevens-Johnson. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, pacientes com sequelas oculares da síndrome de Stevens-Johnson que iniciaram o uso de lente de contato escleral. Os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliação subjetiva dos sintomas através de um questionário; exame oftalmológico (medida da acuidade visual, biomicroscopia, coloração da superfície ocular com colírio de fluoresceína, teste de Schirmer). RESULTADOS: Dez olhos de 7 pacientes foram analisados. A acuidade visual dos pacientes variou de movimentos de mão a 20/25. Todos os pacientes apresentavam algum grau de opacidade corneal e simbléfaro leve. A lente de contato escleral foi adaptada com sucesso em 90 por cento dos olhos. Em todos estes casos os pacientes referiram melhora dos sintomas e da visão. Com relação aos achados biomicroscópicos observou-se melhora da hiperemia conjuntival e da ceratite, e diminuição da secreção mucosa em 90 por cento dos olhos. CONCLUSÕES: Foi possível uma adaptação bem sucedida da lente de contato escleral em grande parte dos pacientes, com melhora dos sintomas e da acuidade visual provavelmente consequentes à melhora da regularização da superfície ocular. As lentes de contato esclerais representam uma importante e acessível alternativa para a redução da limitação ocasionada pelos danos sequelares da síndrome de Stevens-Johnson.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of scleral contact lenses use on the management of ocular sequelae from Stevens-Johnson syndrome patients. METHODS: In a retrospective study, patients who suffered sequelae of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and started the use of scleral contact lenses were followed. Patients were submitted to an evaluation of symptoms through a questionnaire; ophthalmologic exam (visual acuity measurement, biomicroscopy, ocular surface staining with fluorescein drops, Schirmer test). RESULTS: Ten eyes of seven patients were analyzed. Visual acuity varied from hand movements to 20/25. All patients presented some degree of corneal opacity and slight symblepharon. In patients whose adaptation to scleral contact lenses was successful (90 percent), they all refered improvement of symptoms and sight. As for the biomicroscopic findings it was observed an improvement of conjunctival hyperemia and keratitis and a reduction of the mucous secretion in 90 percent the cases. CONCLUSIONS: A successful adaptation to scleral contact lenses was feasible on most patients, with relief of symptoms and better visual acuity, probably due to regularization of the surface. Scleral contact lenses represent an important and accessible alternative to reduce the limitations inferred by the damages from Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Análise morfométrica da fenda palpebral de pacientes com retração palpebral na fase aguda da orbitopatia distireoidiana submetidos à injeção palpebral de toxina botulínica tipo A / Morphometric analysis of eyelid fissure in patients with eyelid retraction in acute stage of dysthyroid orbitopathy after treatment with botulinum toxin type A

OBJETIVO: Apresentar dados morfométricos da fenda palpebral, antes e após a aplicação da toxina botulínica tipo A em pacientes com retração palpebral na fase aguda da orbitopatia distireoidiana. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com 12 indivíduos submetidos à aplicação de 5 UI/0,1 ml de toxina botulínica tipo A em uma das pálpebras superiores. O seguimento mínimo foi de 6 meses. A avaliação palpebral foi registrada por meio de captação de imagens com uma câmera filmadora de vídeo conectada a um microcomputador. RESULTADOS: As medidas da fenda palpebral vertical, distância da margem palpebral superior reflexo, área total da fenda palpebral e função do músculo levantador da pálpebra superior, apresentaram diminuição após a aplicação da droga. Houve diminuição, nos olhos tratados, da diferença entre a área lateral e a área medial da fenda palpebral. A distância margem palpebral inferior reflexo não mostrou alterações. No olho contralateral, houve aumento das medidas (fenda palpebral vertical, distância margem palpebral superior reflexo, área total da fenda palpebral) até 2 semanas após a aplicação. CONCLUSÕES: Estes resultados mostram uma melhora da retração e do contorno palpebral superior, sem alterar o posicionamento da pálpebra inferior.

PURPOSE: To compare morphometric data of eyelid fissure using computerized image analysis before and after application of botulinum toxin type A in patients with eyelid retraction caused by dysthyroid orbitopathy in acute stage. METHODS: This was a prospective study with 12 individuals that received transcutaneous 5 UI/0.1 ml injection of botulinum toxin in the upper eyelid. They were examined periodically for 6 months. Clinical eyelid examination was performed and re corded using a video camera connected to a microcomputer. RESULTS: Vertical eyelid fissure, upper eyelid margin to reflex distance and the eyelid area showed reduction in the treated eye. A decrease in the levator function of the upper eyelid was observed, and also, a reduction in the difference between the lateral and medial areas. The lower eyelid margin reflex distance did not show any significant differences after the application. Measurements of the contralateral eye increased up to 2 weeks after the application. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed a reduction in eyelid retraction and improving the upper eyelid contour, without changes in the lower eyelid position.

Upper Eyelid Retraction After Periorbital Trauma

We report four unusual cases of upper eyelid retraction following periorbital trauma. Four previously healthy patients were evaluated for unilateral upper eyelid retraction following periorbital trauma. A 31-year-old man (Case 1) and a 24-year-old man (Case 2) presented with left upper eyelid retraction which developed after blow-out fractures, a 44-year-old woman (Case 3) presented with left upper eyelid retraction secondary to a periorbital contusion that occurred one week prior, and a 56-year-old man (Case 4) presented with left upper eyelid retraction that developed 1 month after a lower canalicular laceration was sustained during a traffic accident. The authors performed a thyroid function test and orbital computed tomography (CT) in all cases. Thyroid function was normal in all patients, CT showed an adhesion of the superior rectus muscle and superior oblique muscle in the first case and diffuse thickening of the superior rectus muscle and levator complex in the third case. CT showed no specific findings in the second or fourth cases. Upper eyelid retraction due to superior complex adhesion can be considered one of the complications of periorbital trauma.

Implante de peso de ouro: complicações precoces e tardias / Gold weight implantation: premature and late complications

OBJETIVOS:Avaliar as indicações, os resultados e as complicações observadas nos pacientes submetidos ao implante de peso de ouro para correção do lagoftalmo paralítico. MÉTODOS: Vinte prontuários de pacientes com lagoftalmo secundário à paralisia facial de diversas etiologias, que foram submetidos à colocação do implante de ouro na pálpebra superior do lado afetado, foram examinados retrospectivamente. RESULTADOS: A causa mais freqüente de lagoftalmo paralítico foi pós-cirurgia de neurinoma do acústico (40 por cento). Complicações precoces e tardias ocorreram em 40 por cento dos implantes colocados. Quatro pacientes (20 por cento) apresentaram reação inflamatória local nos primeiros meses de pós-operatório. Dois pacientes (10 por cento) apresentaram afinamento da pele e do músculo orbicular sobre o peso de ouro, após 4 e 7 anos do implante, respectivamente. Um paciente (5 por cento) apresentou deslocamento do peso de ouro após 3 anos de sua colocação e outro paciente (5 por cento), extrusão do peso de ouro tardiamente, após 10 anos do implante. CONCLUSÕES: Nesta série, foi alto o índice de complicações com o implante de ouro (40 por cento). As complicações foram divididas em precoces, possivelmente relacionadas à impureza do material, e complicações tardias, devido à evolução do quadro da paralisia facial que apresenta diminuição do tônus muscular.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the indications, the results and the complications seen in the patients submitted to gold weight implantation to correct paralytic lagophthalmos. METHODS: Charts of 20 patients with lagophthalmos secondary to facial nerve palsy of diverse etiologies, which were submitted to gold weight implantation in the upper eyelid of the affected side, were retrospectively examined. RESULTS: The most frequent cause of paralytic lagophthalmos was acoustic neurinoma after surgery (40 percent). Early and late complications occurred in 40 percent of the implants. Four patients (20 percent) presented a local inflammatory reaction in the first 3 months after surgery. Two patients (10 percent) presented skin and orbicular muscle thinness over the gold weight 4 and 7 years after the implant, respectively. One patient (5 percent) presented gold weight displacement after 3 years and another patient (5 percent) had late gold weight extrusion after 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, the complication rate of gold weight implantation was high (40 percent). The complications were divided into early, possibly related to the material impurity and the late, due to the evolution of the facial nerve palsy that presented a decrease in muscle tonus.

Eletrólise com radiofrequência no tratamento da triquíase / Treatment of trichiasis with high-frequency radio wave electrosurgery

OBJETIVOS: Triquíase é uma condição adquirida dos cílios, que perdem o direcionamento normal e tocam a superfície ocular. O tratamento da triquíase tem sido um problema terapêutico. Apesar das várias modalidades de tratamento: epilação mecânica, eletrólise com bipolar, crioterapia, fotocoagulação com laser de argônio e procedimentos cirúrgicos, a recidiva da triquíase é comum. Com o objetivo de encontrar técnica próxima ao ideal, realizamos estudo utilizando eletrólise com aparelho de radiofreqüência, avaliando-se a efetividade da técnica. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados, prospectivamente, 34 pacientes (54 segmentos palpebrais) com triquíase, submetidos à eletrólise com aparelho de radiofreqüência. Reavaliaram-se os pacientes em oito semanas, quanto à cura, recidiva e possíveis complicações. RESULTADOS: Observou-se a cura da triquíase com apenas uma única sessão de eletrólise com radiofreqüência em 22 pacientes e com duas ou mais sessões em 12 pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A eletrólise com aparelho de radiofreqüência é método simples, de baixo custo, que não demanda experiência do cirurgião, com ausência de complicações relevantes e com alto índice de sucesso.

PURPOSE: Trichiasis is an acquired condition in which the eyelashes are directed posteriorly, touching the surface of the cornea. It poses a complex therapeutic problem. Despite several therapeutic options (epilation, electroepilation, cryotherapy, laser ablation and standard surgical techniques), relapse is frequent. METHODS: A prospective, nonmasked study was conducted to determine the efficacy of high-frequency radioelectrosurgery for treatment of trichiasis. Thirty-four patients (fifty-four eyelid segments) were treated with this technique. After eight weeks, all patients were reviewed regarding the success rate, relapse and complications. RESULTS: Cure was achieved after only one session of treatment in twenty-two patients, and two or more sessions in the remaining twelve. No complications have been reported. CONCLUSIONS: We consider high-frequency radioelectrosurgery a simple, not expensive, effective and free of complications technique for the treatment of trichiasis.

Alcohol-related massive eyelid swelling: case report

Alcohol-related massive eyelid edema has been rarely reported. The differential diagnosis includes local and systemic conditions. Alcohol itself can be associated with dermatological hypersensitivity reactions, appearing soon after alcoholic drinks. Massive bilateral eyelid swelling can constitute diagnostic pitfalls and therapeutic challenges to general practitioners with a placebo.

Edema palpebral maciço relacionado ao uso de álcool tem sido raramente descrito. O diagnóstico diferencial inclui condições locais e sistêmicas. O próprio álcool pode estar associado com reações dermatológicas de hipersensibilidade, surgindo logo após uso de bebidas alcoólicas. Edema palpebral bilateral maciço pode constituir embaraços diagnósticos e desafios terapêuticos para os clínicos.

Isolated eyelid tuberculosis

We report a case of a seventy years old lady of poor socioeconomic background who presented with painless swelling of the right upper lid since one year. No other local or systemic features were associated. An incisional biopsy was performed under local anaesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed epitheloid granuloma with Langerhan's giant cells suggestive of tuberculosis of lid skin. The clinical events and pathological findings were suggestive of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the cause of infection. After diagnosis, the patient was referred to physician for anti-tuberculosis therapy. The eyelid swelling resolved gradually and was completely normal after 9 months of chemotherapy

Phthiriasis palpebrum presenting as chronic atypical unilateral blepharitis

To report a case of phthiriasis palpebrum presenting as unilateral blepharitis in a 4-year-old male child. Materials and Observational case report. A 4-year-old child presented to the emergency room of King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital complaining of persistent redness after he had trivial trauma to his right eye one day earlier. Live crab lice and their nits were found attached to the eyelashes of the right upper lid. They were removed mechanically by jeweler's forceps under slit lamp and topical anesthesia, and treated with application of erythromycin eye ointment for two weeks. Infestation of the right upper eyelid by phthiriasis palpebrum was diagnosed and treated successfully. Meticulous examination of the eye lids may help early diagnosis and treatment of such communicable diseases. Screening of family members for possible sources of infection, and health education are important issues in the prevention of such diseases