Unilateral floppy eyelid syndrome with ipsilateral intolerance to brimonidine / Síndrome da palpebral flácida unilateral com intolerância a brimonidina ipsilateral

Abstract The authors report a case of unilateral floppy eyelid syndrome with ipsilateral intolerance to brimonidine in a 65-year-old man. The singularity of this case is the combination of two rare illnesses of great phlogistic potentiality in the same eye. The purpose of this article is to report a case of unilateral floppy eyelid syndrome with ipsilateral intolerance to brimonidine, emphasizing a possible relation between them. The result was a unilateral keratopathy that emulated an intraepithelial neoplasia. The key to solving the problem was an unexplained anterior uveitis that raised the suspicion of drug toxicity.The upper eyelid eversion of the affected eye during sleep seemed to be the common denominator of both ailments. The bizarre aspect of the epitheliopathy most likely resulted from the combination of trauma, insufficient lubrication, and drug intolerance.

Resumo Os autores relatam um caso de síndrome da pálpebra flácida unilateral com intolerância ipsilateral à brimonidina em um homem de 65 anos de idade. A singularidade deste caso é a combinação de duas doenças raras de grande potencialidade inflamatória no mesmo olho. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso de síndrome da pálpebra flácida com intolerância ipsilateral à brimonidina, enfatizando uma possível relação entre eles. O resultado foi uma ceratopatia unilateral que simulou uma neoplasia intra-epitelial. A chave para resolver o problema foi uma uveíte anterior inexplicável que levantou a suspeita de toxicidade medicamentosa. A eversão da pálpebra superior do olho afetado durante o sono parece ser o denominador comum de ambas as doenças. O aspecto bizarro da epiteliopatia provavelmente resultou da combinação de trauma, lubrificação insuficiente e intolerância ao medicamento.

Mejoría clínica después del sondaje intraductal en la disfunción de las glándulas de Meibomio / Clinical improvement after use of intraductal probing in the Meibomian gland dysfunction

Objetivo: comparar síntomas del paciente (sensibilidad a la luz, sensación de arenilla, irritación o dolor ocular, visión borrosa y mala visión) antes y después del sondaje intraductal. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer, en el período comprendido de marzo del año 2014 a marzo de 2015, en 50 ojos (25 pacientes) con el diagnóstico de disfunción de las glándulas de Meibomio, a los que se les realizó el sondaje intraductal. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 47,12 ± 11,49 años, con ligero predominio del sexo femenino (64 por ciento). Los pacientes presentaron, la última semana previa al tratamiento, sensibilidad a la luz; sensación de arenilla; irritación o dolor ocular, visión borrosa y mala visión desde la mitad del tiempo hasta todo el tiempo. A la semana después de sondaje no hubo respuestas de todo el tiempo, excepto en la visión borrosa y la mala visión. Al mes y a los 6 meses los resultados fueron similares con respuestas de en ningún momento hasta la mitad del tiempo en la sensibilidad a la luz, sensación de arenilla e irritación ocular. En cuanto a la visión borrosa y la mala visión, la respuesta más frecuente fue algunas veces. Conclusión: el sondaje intraductal ofrece mejoría de los síntomas del paciente con disfunción de las glándulas de Meibomio desde la primera semana posterior al tratamiento; se hace más manifiesta después del mes, y se mantiene durante los seis meses posteriores a este(AU)

Objective: to compare the symptoms experience by the patient (light sensitivity, eye irritation or pain, blurred vision and low vision) before and after use of the intraductal probing. Methods: a prospective, longitudinal and descriptive study conducted in 50 eyes (25 patients) diagnosed with Meibomian gland dysfunction and treated with intraductal probing at Ramon Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from March 2014 to March 2015. Results: average age was 47.12 ± 11.49 years and females were slightly predominant (64 por ciento). One week before treatment, the patients presented with light sensitivity, feeling of having some gravel in the eyes, reddened eyes or ocular pain, blurred vision and low vision which were affecting them part of time or all the time. One week after probing, there were no answers all the time except for blurred vision and low vision. One month, and six months later, the results were similar with answers ranging from at no time to part of time regarding light sensitivity, feeling of some gravel in the eyes and red eye. As to blurred vision and low vision, the most common answer was sometimes. Conclusions: intraductal probing improves the symptoms of the patient who face melbonian gland dysfunction since the first week after treatment; it turned to be more evident after the first month and remained for the next six months(AU)

Sonda permeabilizadora en el tratamiento de la disfunción obstructiva de las glándulas de meibomio / Permeabilizing probing for the treatment of obstructive meibonian gland dysfunction

El ojo seco constituye una de las principales afecciones de la superficie ocular por la que acuden las personas a la consulta de Oftalmología. El 70 % de los pacientes con este diagnóstico presentan algún signo relacionado con la enfermedad de las glándulas de Meibomio y su control con los tratamientos habituales continúa siendo un problema. Las compresas calientes y los lavados con champú infantil darán alivio temporal, pero por lo general son abandonados por los pacientes. Otro enfoque es la expresión de las glándulas de Meibomio, la cual es molesta y por lo general necesita realizarse más de una vez; de ahí que el sondeo quirúrgico de esta sea una alternativa a utilizar. El sondaje mediante las sondas de Maskin introducidas desde el 2009 constituye una nueva modalidad terapéutica, la cual, de acuerdo con el conocimiento de los autores, no había sido introducida previamente en el país. La no disponibilidad de sondas con este fin en Cuba fue la motivación para diseñarla con el objetivo de permeabilizar los conductos excretores en la disfunción obstructiva de las glándulas de Meibomio (O- MGD), y así implementar esta técnica. Este dispositivo se construyó con medios propios en el taller de prototipos del laboratorio, de acuerdo con las características anatómicas del sistema glandular. Actualmente se usa de manera regular por doctores con resultados alentadores, como en los casos que se presentan.

Dry eye is one of the main eye surface diseases that make people go to the ophthalmological service. Seventy percent of patients with such diagnosis present with some type of symptoms related to the meibonian gland disease and its control with the regular treatments remains a problem. Hot pads and washing using shampoo for children give temporary relief, but are generally the patients do not comply with them for a long period of time. Another approach is the meibonian gland expression, which is uncomfortable and the treatment should be repeated more than once. Hence, the surgical probing seems to be a good alternative. Probing with Maskin probes introduced in 2009 is a new therapeutic variant which, according to the authors, had not been practiced in Cuba before. The lack of this type of probes in Cuba was the main incentive for their design in order to create permeabilization of the excretory ducts in the obstructive meibonian gland dysfunction, and to implement this technique. The devise was built with the resources of the lab prototype shop, taking the anatomical characteristics of the glandular system into consideration. The probes are presently used on a regular basis by ophthalmologists with encouraging results as in the reported cases.

Floppy eyelid syndrome: review / Síndrome da frouxidão palpebral: revisão da literatura

Floppy eyelid syndrome is characterized by the easy evertion of the upper eyelid which occurs spontaneously during the sleep, causing the exposure of the eye surface and chronic papillary conjunctivitis. Its pathogenesis is not totally defined yet: it is usually more frequent in middle-aged, male obese patients and it is associated with systemic disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea, high blood pressure and diabetes. On the occasions which conservative treatment fails, surgical procedures present good results, including surgical techniques which are constantly evolving.

A síndrome de frouxidão palpebral é caracterizada pela fácil eversão da pálpebra que ocorre espontaneamente durante o sono causando exposição dos olhos, com consequente conjuntivite papilar crônica. Sua patogênese ainda não está totalmente definida e é mais comum em pacientes masculinos, obesos, de meia idade e está associada a doenças sistêmicas como apnéia obstrutiva do sono, hipertensão arterial e diabetes. Quando o tratamento clínico não apresenta boa resposta, procedimentos cirúrgicos apresentam bons resultados, com técnicas em constante evolução.

Application of tele-ophthalmology in remote diagnosis and management of adnexal and orbital diseases.

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of making a diagnosis of adnexal and orbital diseases by Tele-ophthalmological means. Materials and Methods: Tele-consultation for eye diseases was done for 3497 patients from remote areas of Tamilnadu as part of the rural tele-ophthalmology project of a tertiary eye care hospital during a period of nine months from October 2004 to June 2005. These patients were comprehensively examined on-site by optometrists. Using digitized images sent by store and forward technique and videoconferencing, the ophthalmologist made a diagnosis and advised treatment. Results: Adnexal or orbital diseases were detected in 101 out of 3497 patients (2.88%). Medical treatment was advised to 13 of 101 patients (12.8%). Surgery was advised in 62 of 101 patients (61.28%) whereas 18 of 101 patients (17.8%) required further investigations at a tertiary center. Conclusion: It was feasible to apply the satellite based tele-ophthalmology set-up for making a presumptive diagnosis and planning further management of adnexal and orbital diseases based on live interaction and digital still images of the patients.

Fascitis necrosante palpebral y shock tóxico por Streptococcus pyogenes / Necrotizing fasciitis of the eyelids and toxic shock syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a serious infection that compromises subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and adipose tissue, with high mortality rate and sequelae. Extremities, trunk and pelvis are the most common body sites affected. Periorbital celullitis with necrotizing fasciitis of the eyelid is rare. We report the case of a three years old child with bilateral NF of the eyelids and toxic shock syndrome secondary to Streptococcus pyogenes infection ocurring after a minor skin trauma. Early recognition leading to intensive care treatment and prompt surgical debridement were critical in the favourable outcome of the child.

La fascitis necrosante (FN) es una infección grave de los tejidos subcutáneos, localizada más frecuentemente en extremidades, tronco y pelvis. El compromiso de la cara y la región palpebral es inusual. Reportamos el curso clínico de un niño de tres años, previamente sano, que presentó una FN palpebral bilateral asociado a shock tóxico por Streptococcus pyogenes, secundaria a un trauma localizado. El paciente requirió tratamiento en cuidado intensivo con resucitación enérgica, antimicrobianos, inmunoglobulina intravenosa y desbridamiento quirúrgico precoz, lo que permitió su evolución favorable.

Un enfoque holístico de las enfermedades de la superficie ocular / A holistic approach for ocular surface diseases

La transparencia comeal es producto de un complejo sistema de interacciones. El conocimiento de estas es muy importante para establecer una terapia adecuada para patologías tan diversas como son la disfunción lagrimal, el haze comeal post PRK, y el rechazo comeal. La conjuntiva y el epitelio comeal indemnes son imprescindibles para mantener la función del sistema ocular. A su vez la integridad de estas estructuras depende de la integridad de párpados y lágrimas. Actualmente sabemos que la interacción entre estos cuatro componentes permite mantener en equilibrio la homeostasis de la superficie ocular. Asegurando la indemnidad de las células progenitoras límbicas. La alteración en cualquiera de estos factores produce ojo rojo, infecciones, mayor predisposición a úlceras, y alteraciones de la epitelización. Desequilibrios en el funcionamiento de este sistema se engloban hoy como enfermedades de la superficie ocular, y están dando origen a una nueva subespecialidad. Ya que los avances en el conocimiento de la fisiopatología de la lagrima y de su interacción con la come a, han permitido el desarrollo de una mirada más racional de la patología de este segmento creemos interesante revisar este conjunto de desordenes y proponer una aproximación terapéutica.

Comeal transparency is own to a complex system of interactions. Settle the right therapeutic approach in quite different pathologies as comeal haze, comeal rejection and tears disfunction, is related with the knowledge ofthese relationships. Comeal and conjunctival epithelium integrity is essential in ocular system function, as lids and tears . Nowadays we know that reciprocal relations between this items are essential in ocular surface homeostasis. Any disruption means the rise of redness, infections, ulcers predisposition, and disruptions in epithelization. Today all this malfunctions are known as Ocular Surface Pathologies rising a new subspeciality. Since new advances in tears physiology allows a rational approach to diagnosis and treatment ,we find useful to list out this disorders and proposing a therapeutic schedule.

Eletrólise com radiofrequência no tratamento da triquíase / Treatment of trichiasis with high-frequency radio wave electrosurgery

OBJETIVOS: Triquíase é uma condição adquirida dos cílios, que perdem o direcionamento normal e tocam a superfície ocular. O tratamento da triquíase tem sido um problema terapêutico. Apesar das várias modalidades de tratamento: epilação mecânica, eletrólise com bipolar, crioterapia, fotocoagulação com laser de argônio e procedimentos cirúrgicos, a recidiva da triquíase é comum. Com o objetivo de encontrar técnica próxima ao ideal, realizamos estudo utilizando eletrólise com aparelho de radiofreqüência, avaliando-se a efetividade da técnica. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados, prospectivamente, 34 pacientes (54 segmentos palpebrais) com triquíase, submetidos à eletrólise com aparelho de radiofreqüência. Reavaliaram-se os pacientes em oito semanas, quanto à cura, recidiva e possíveis complicações. RESULTADOS: Observou-se a cura da triquíase com apenas uma única sessão de eletrólise com radiofreqüência em 22 pacientes e com duas ou mais sessões em 12 pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A eletrólise com aparelho de radiofreqüência é método simples, de baixo custo, que não demanda experiência do cirurgião, com ausência de complicações relevantes e com alto índice de sucesso.

PURPOSE: Trichiasis is an acquired condition in which the eyelashes are directed posteriorly, touching the surface of the cornea. It poses a complex therapeutic problem. Despite several therapeutic options (epilation, electroepilation, cryotherapy, laser ablation and standard surgical techniques), relapse is frequent. METHODS: A prospective, nonmasked study was conducted to determine the efficacy of high-frequency radioelectrosurgery for treatment of trichiasis. Thirty-four patients (fifty-four eyelid segments) were treated with this technique. After eight weeks, all patients were reviewed regarding the success rate, relapse and complications. RESULTS: Cure was achieved after only one session of treatment in twenty-two patients, and two or more sessions in the remaining twelve. No complications have been reported. CONCLUSIONS: We consider high-frequency radioelectrosurgery a simple, not expensive, effective and free of complications technique for the treatment of trichiasis.

Patologías oftalmológicas más frecuentes en la consulta pediátrica del preescolar y escolar / More frequent ophthalmologic pathologies in the pediatric consultation of the preschool and school child

A continuación se revisarán de manera muy esquemática las patologías oculares más frecuentes en el preescolar y escolar, y también algunas patologías que si bien no son muy frecuentes, si son importantes diagnosticarlas y tratarlas precozmente, idealmente antes de los 8 años, es decir, antes de la maduración total del sistema visual, de lo contrario el pronóstico de ese niño se empobrece, su visión no alcanza una normalidad y va a terminar con una ambliopía. por lo tanto, es muy importante destacar el rol de la derivación temprana de aquellos pacientes que presentan alguna patología ocular importante como una ptosis palpebral, estrabismo o algún problema refractivo importante, entre otros, para prevenir el compromiso visual posterior.

Síndrome da frouxidão palpebral / Floppy eyelid syndrome

Os autores apresentam uma revisão sobre a síndrome da frouxidão palpebral, uma condição oftalmológica pouco comum, freqüentemente associada a anomalias sistêmicas e pouquíssimo diagnosticada tanto por oftalmologistas como por clínicos gerais. Quatro casos examinados, no setor de oculoplástica do HCFMRP-USP, são apresentados

Mechanical Treatment of Phthiriasis Palpebrarum

Phthiriasis palpebrarum is a rare disease in which crab lice infest the eyelashes. It can cause pruritic lid margins or unusual blepharoconjunctivitis and is difficult to diagnose and treat. We diagnosed and managed a case of phthiriasis palpebrarum in both upper eyelids, accompanied by nits, on the scalp of a 6 year-old female child. We removed the eyelashes, including lice and nits, by pulling with fine forceps without sedation. On the second month after treatment, all lice and nits were eradicated without recurrence and the eyelashes grew back. In conclusion, phthiriasis palpebrarum can be diagnosed by close examination of the eyelashes and eyelid margins with slit lamp and can be managed mechanically.

Paracoccidioidomicose ocular: relato de um caso de doença multifocal com envolvimento da pálpebra e, presumivelmente, da córnea, vítreo e retina / Ocular paracoccidioidomycosis with palpebral involvement, and with probable corneal, vitreous and retinal damages: a case report

E descrito um caso de paracoccidioidomicose multifocal com comprometimento da pálpebra, córnea, vítreo e retina que, apesar da boa resposta à terapêutica antimicótica, evoluiu com sinéquia palpebral e perda total da visäo do olho direito. Os autores alertam para a necessidade de investigaçäo sistemática do olho em portadores da doença multifocal que apresentem qualquer sintoma ocular.

Esporotricose: lesäo solitária palpebral: relato de um caso) / Sporothricosis: palpebral solitary lesion: a case report)

Os autores descrevem um caso de uma paciente portadora de esporotricose acometendo a pálpebra inferior, tratada com êxito pelo uso de iodeto de potássio. Säo feitas consideraçöes a respeito de diversos aspectos da doença.

Effects of fucithalmic on staphylococcal blepharitis

Purpose: To study the safety and efficacy of fusidic acid in the treatment of staphylococcal blepharitis. We included a total of 24 patients with severe staphylococcal blepharitis in our prospective, open label study. We examined each patient, obtained eyelid and conjunctival cultures, and commenced therapy with fusidic acid gel, twice daily, for a period of four weeks. All isolates were sensitive to fusidic acid. After four weeks of therapy, 18 [75%] out of 24 potients had resolution of the signs and symptoms; six [25%] had mild signs of the disease. No adverse effects were noted. Fusidic acid is safe and effective in the treatment of staphylococcal blepharitis

Hiperlipoproteinemia tipo IIa: caso clínico com três manifestaçöes dermatológicas / Hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa: case report presenting three dermatological manifestations

Os autores relatam um caso de hiperlipoproteinemia tipo IIa, em paciente feminina, branca, 31 anos, com exuberante associaçao de xantelasma, xantoma tendinoso, xantoma tuberoso e hipertensao arterial. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido através dos exames: clínico, lipidograma e histopatológico. Foi feita também uma revisao da literatura.

Síndrome da flacidez palpebral / Floppy eyelid syndrome

Este trabalho apresenta um caso de síndrome de flacidez palpebral (Floppy Eyelid Syndrome) unilateral. Esta síndrome caracteriza-se por uma conjuntivite papilar crônica e a existência de uma flacidez da pálpebra superior, juntamente com uma perda da elasticidade do tarso, que se everte facilmente ao ser tracionado para cima, achado fundamental para o diagnóstico. Deve ser feito o diagnóstico diferencial com outras causas de conjuntivites papilares crônicas: ceratoconjuntivite límbica superior, conjuntivite medicamentosa, alérgica, infecciosa crônica, reaçoes por corpo estranho e lentes de contato e neoplasia.