Implantação de salas de apoio à amamentação em empresas públicas e privadas: potencialidades e dificuldades / Despliegue de habitaciones lactancia de apoyo en empresas públicas y privadas: capacidades y dificultades / Establishment of lactaton rooms in public and private companies: potentialities and difficulties

RESUMO Objetivo Conhecer a visão de gestores de empresas públicas e privadas acerca das salas de apoio à amamentação, com vistas à sua implantação. Método Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória descritiva, realizada em 2015, da qual participaram 20 gestores da Grande Florianópolis. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas/projetivas e, para a análise, a Análise de Conteúdo, associada aos recursos do software Atlas.ti. Resultados Emergiram duas categorias, a saber, dificuldades e facilidades na implantação de sala de apoio à amamentação, com predomínio de aspectos dificultadores, especialmente financeiros, envolvidos na disponibilização de espaço físico. Dialeticamente, também houve reconhecimento do baixo custo envolvido, o que facilitaria sua implantação. Conclusões Aspectos financeiros, culturais e políticos dificultam a implantação de salas de apoio à amamentação, mas há o reconhecimento da importância da medida. Para o sucesso da amamentação, a implantação de salas de apoio é importante, porém, não suficiente, sendo necessárias múltiplas ações e, principalmente, uma atuação mais efetiva da enfermagem e dos demais profissionais de saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo Conocer la visión de los gestores de la empresa pública y privada sobre las habitaciones de apoyo a la lactancia, con vistas a su puesta en práctica. Método La investigación fue cualitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva. Participaron 20 gerentes en Florianópolis en 2015. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas/proyectiva y para análisis, Análisis de Contenido asociado a los recursos del software Atlas.ti. Resultados Surgieron dos categorías, las dificultades y las facilidades en la implantación de sala de apoyo a la lactancia, donde predominan los aspectos que obstaculizan, especialmente los financieros, involucrados en el espacio físico. Dialécticamente, también hubo reconocimiento del bajo costo involucrado, lo que facilitaría su aplicación. Conclusión Los aspectos financieros, culturales y políticos dificultan la implantación de salas de lactancia materna,es importsnte implantar salas de apoyo, sin embargo, no es suficiente, requiere múltiples acciones y, sobre todo, un funcionamiento más eficaz de la enfermería y otros profesionales de la salud.

ABSTRACT Objective To know how managers of public and private companies view lactation support rooms and their implantation. Method This is study is based on qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive research. Twenty managers from Greater Florianópolis participated in the research, in 2015. Data were collected by means of semi-structured/projective interviews, and subjected to content analysis associated with Atlas.ti software. Results Data analysis led to the following two categories: difficulties and facilities of establishing a lactation room, with a predominance of financial difficulties and the lack of physical space. Dialectically, the subjects also recognised the low cost involved, which facilitates establishment. Conclusion Financial, cultural, and political aspects make it difficult to set up lactation rooms, but the importance of this measure was acknowledged. Although the success of breastfeeding partly depends on these support rooms, it also requires multiple actions, especially the effective participation of nurses and other health workers.

Evaluación del gasto en la construcción de unidades de salud: ejemplo de participación comunitaria / Expenditure evaluation of the construction of health units: example of community participation

OBJETIVO: Demostrar los beneficios económicos de la participación comunitaria en la construcción de unidades de salud. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una evaluación de la eficiencia del gasto en la construcción de unidades de salud. Se comparó el gasto/m² y los tiempos de construcción de cada una de las 21 unidades auxiliares de salud y los 81 centros de salud rural dispersos edificados por el Programa de Apoyo a los Servicios de Salud para Población Abierta a través de tres modalidades de construcción: licitación pública nacional, invitación restringida y participación comunitaria. Este gasto también se comparó con el gasto monetario de otras unidades de salud similares edificadas a través de los programas normales de obra de otras instituciones. Se desarrolló un análisis univariado utilizando estadísticas no paramétricas y se diseñó un modelo matemático de ajuste a normal (bootstrapping) para analizar el gasto/m². RESULTADOS: La mediana de gasto/m² y de tiempos de entrega en las unidades auxiliares de salud y de gasto/m² para los centros de salud rural dispersos fue menor cuando se empleó la participación comunitaria. Los gastos/m² de las unidades construidas por el Programa de Apoyo a los Servicios de Salud para Población Abierta, sobre todo con participación comunitaria, fueron considerablemente más eficientes que los reportados por las obras de otros programas de construcción. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de la participación comunitaria en la construcción de unidades auxiliares de salud y todos los centros de salud rural dispersos permite disminuir considerablemente el monto de recursos invertidos por m² y mejorar los tiempos de construcción en relación con la licitación pública nacional y la invitación restringida. La construcción de unidades de salud bajo las condiciones generadas por el Programa de Apoyo a los Servicios de Salud para la Población Abierta permitiría mejorar los gastos/m² en relación con otros programas de construcción...

OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate the economic benefits that community participation may render in the construction of health units. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency in the construction of 21 auxiliary health units and 81 rural health built through the Program to Support the Development of Health Services for the Non-Insured Population (PASSPA) through three different construction models (national public bidding, restricted invitation and community participation). Comparisons were also made with the units built through regular construction procedures of the Ministry of Health and other institutions. To evaluate the expenditure/m², a univariate analysis using non-parametric statistics and a mathematical model of bootstrapping were used. RESULTS: The median expenditure/m² and the delivery times for auxiliary health units, and the median expenditure/m² for rural health units were smaller when using community participation. The expenditure/m² of those units built through PASSPA was considerably lower than that of health units built through regular construction procedures. CONCLUSIONS: The use of community participation in the construction of auxiliary health units and rural health units may impact positively the resource investment and the delivery times when compared with units built through national public biddings and restricted invitations. The possibility of using community participation in other health activities (supervision, maintenance) should be evaluated.

Costing of a salt iodine monitoring laboratory in India.

BACKGROUND. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are an important public health problem in India and can be prevented by fortifying common salt with iodine. For the iodation programme to be effective, it is necessary to monitor the iodine content of salt. The National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme recommends that one salt iodine monitoring laboratory should be set up in each district. We calculated the cost of setting up such a laboratory in the year 1993. METHODS. We estimated that approximately 6000 samples of salt would be sent annually by health workers to the district laboratory as part of the routine report system. We calculated the capital cost of the laboratory to include land, buildings and equipment. The recurrent costs included salaries, chemicals and reagents, and maintenance assuming a uniform discount of 10%. RESULTS. A total of Rs 81,550 would be needed for one such laboratory annually, of which Rs 73,500 (89%) would be recurrent costs. This comes to Rs 13.60 per sample tested or 5 paise per head per year in a district with an average population of 1.7 million. If the building is already available and the staff in position only need to be trained, then Rs 16,040 per year (equipment, chemicals and operating costs) would be required. This comes to 1 paise per head per year. CONCLUSIONS. Setting up a salt iodine monitoring laboratory, a vital component for the salt iodation programme, has modest cost implications, especially if the building and staff already exist. This is likely to be the case in most of the districts.

The General Hospital Colombo Rehabilitation Project.

The General Hospital Colombo (GHC) Rehabilitation Project was to be implemented in 6 phases in about 25 years. The proposed funding was a grant of 100% from Finland for technical assistance and training, and 85% for investments. The development objective was to reinforce the status of the hospital as the apex of the medical care system. In Phase I (1985-1990) an 8 storeyed accident and orthopaedic services building with modern facilities has been commissioned. A water tower and a 'septic' operating theatre have been built. Infection control and maintenance organizations have been started. Phase I cost Rs.960 million. In the Bridging Phase, the existing six storeyed building is being renovated. Phase II has been drastically curtailed. It will concentrate on infrastructure development such as water supply, kitchen, stores and transport, and the construction of four new medical wards. The project will end in 1993.