Copro-prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in Chilean breed horses in the province of Concepción, Chile / Copro-prevalência de Fasciola hepatica em equinos de raça chilena na província de Concepción, Chile

Abstract The aim of this research was to assess the copro-prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in owned Chilean breed horses (Equus caballus) residing in the province of Concepción, Chile. The study was carried out throughout October 2017. Samples were taken from all (100%) Chilean breed horse (124 specimens; 45 females and 79 males, aged between 7 months and 24 years old) from the Concepción province. A rectal stool sample was obtained from each animal. This was analyzed using the Army Medical School method (AMS III) technique to detect F. hepatica eggs. Information about the horse's age, sex, previous fasciolicide application, and an assessment of body condition was also obtained. Fisher tests were carried out to analyze the results. Ten horses (8.06%) were positive for the presence of F. hepatica eggs. No significant difference of copro-prevalence was found between age (young 8.47%, old 7.69%), sex (female 11.1%, male 6.33%), the previous application of fasciolicide (dewormed 10%, not dewormed 7.89%), or body condition (low condition 11.1%, high condition 0.7%) categories (Fisher tests: P>0.05 in all cases). The results of this study suggest that Chilean breed horses constitute part of the reservoir of F. hepatica for both ruminant populations and humans in the Concepción province.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a coproprevalência de Fasciola hepatica em equinos chilenos (Equus caballus), residentes na província de Concepción, região de Bío-Bío, Chile. O estudo foi realizado durante o mês de outubro de 2017. Foram coletadas amostras de todos os equinos estabulados (124 espécimes; 45 fêmeas e 79 machos, com idades entre 7 meses e 24 anos) da província de Concepción. Uma amostra de fezes transretal foi obtida de cada animal, analisada no Laboratório "Dr. Luis Rubilar", da Universidad de Concepción, usando-se a técnica AMS III, para detectar a presença de ovos de F. hepatica. O diagnóstico fecal foi complementado com informações sobre a idade do animal, sexo, aplicação prévia de fasciolicida e uma avaliação da condição corporal. Testes de Fisher foram realizados para analisar os resultados. Dos 124 equinos, 10 (8,06%) foram positivos para ovos de F. hepatica. Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre idade, sexo, aplicação prévia de fasciolicida ou condição corporal com a presença de ovos. Um cavalo tratado com triclabendazol foi positivo para ovos de F. hepatica.

The population density of Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) (Mollusca, Lymnaeidae) an intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Caparaó microregion, ES, Brazil / Densidade populacional de Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) (Mollusca, Lymnaeidae) hospedeiro intermediário de Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) na Microrregião do Caparaó, ES, Brasil

Abstract The aim of this study was to monitor the population density of Lymnaea columella, an intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica, in various aquatic habitats and in drinking water in the area of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, on Caparaó Microregion, municipality of Alegre, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Monthly samplings were performed at certain points between drainage areas and drinking water in cattle and goat production systems during the years 2010 to 2013. The mean temperature, precipitation and the frequency of samples of L. columella were analysed graphically according the monthly average during the study period. A total of 2,038 molluscs were collected, 1558 of which were L. columella, that predominated in all sampled points. The highest average of specimens observed for L. columella was in the years 2010 and 2013 (51.0), and occurred decreased in 2011 (19.8). The temperature and precipitation averaged is 23.7 °C and 141 mm/year, respectively. Rainfall peak occurred in March (2011, 2013) and November (2012), during these periods the population of L. columella growth. There was no significant difference in the relationship between the specimens observed with seasons (dry-wet), thus the population of L. columella remained stable and can be found throughout the year.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi acompanhar a variação da densidade populacional de Lymnaea columella, hospedeiro intermediário de Fasciola hepatica, em diferentes tipos de coleções hídricas e bebedouros na área do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, na microrregião do Caparaó, município de Alegre, estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foram realizadas coletas mensais em pontos determinados entre áreas de drenagem e bebedouros de animais nos setores de bovinocultura e caprinocultura durante os anos de 2010 a 2013. As médias de temperatura, precipitação e a frequência de exemplares de L. columella foram analisadas graficamente de acordo com a média mensal ao longo do período avaliado. Foram coletados 2.038 moluscos, sendo 1558 de L. columella, espécie predominante em todos os pontos amostrados. A maior média de espécimes observadas para L. columella foi nos anos de 2010 e 2013 (51,0), ocorrendo um decréscimo em 2011 (19,8). A temperatura apresentou média de 23,7°C e precipitação de 141 mm/ano. Picos de precipitação ocorreram em Março (2011, 2013) e Novembro (2012), nestes períodos foi observado aumento populacional de L. columella. Não houve diferença significativa na relação entre as espécimes observadas com as estações do ano (seca-chuvosa), dessa forma, a população de L. columella se mostrou estável, podendo ser encontrada durante todo ano.

Variation of snail's abundance in two water bodies harboring strains of Pseudosuccinea columella resistant and susceptible to Fasciola hepatica miracidial infection, in Pinar del Río Province, Cuba

The abundance of freshwater snails in two rural sites of Pinar del Río, Cuba, which harbor Pseudosuccinea columella susceptible and resistant to miracidia of Fasciola hepatica was followed for one year. Susceptible snails were found in the most anthropic site (IPA) whereas the resistant population inhabited the most preserved one (El Azufre). Only two snail species coexisted with P. columella at IPA site (Physa cubensis and Tarebia granifera) while five species were found at El Azufre, including an endemic from that province (Hemisinus cubanianus). Populations of both resistant and susceptible snails showed stable densities throughout the year, although the susceptible strain attained higher abundance. The highest densities were observed in April-May 2004 for the susceptible population whereas the resistant strain attained its highest abundance in January 2004. No record of Fossaria cubensis was made and the thiarid T. granifera occurred only at low densities. One of the sampled sites (IPA) meets all the conditions for the first report of P. columella naturally infected with larvae of F. hepatica.

Rearing of Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817), intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758)

The intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica, Lymnaea columella, collected in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, was reared in our laboratory. The aim of the current study was to standardize a rearing and maintenance technique. Two kinds of diet were tested: fresh lettuce (A) and rodent ration + 10 percent CaCO3 plus fresh lettuce (B). The age for the beginning of oviposition ranged from 27 to 57 days. Ten days after oviposition at 24.7§C, 100 percent eclosion occurred. The complete life cycle varied from 37 to 67 days. The average numbers of eggs per egg mass were 26.3 and 31.1 with diets (A) and (B), respectively. The lettuce and ration fed snails presented a increased growth although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mortality rate varied from 40 to 64 percent after 90 days. The maximum longevity was 183 days, 21.5 mm length and 11 mm wide. The methodology to mass breed and maintain these snails was found to be suitable in the laboratory.

Life-history traits of Fossaria cubensis (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) under experimental exposure to Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda: Digenea)

The effect of exposing the lymnaeid snail Fossaria cubensis to the trematode Fasciola hepatica on the snail population's life-history traits was studied under laboratory conditions. Exposed individuals showed a lower survival rate than control snails, although from week 7 onward a slower decrease of this parameter in relation to the control group was observed. There were higher values of fecundity rate for the controls compared to the exposed group except during weeks 9, 10, 11 and 12, which was the time that followed the period when almost all of the infected snails died. Both the intrinsic and finite rates of natural increase were significantly higher for the control group, but exposed snails still attained a lower mean generation time. Age-specific trade-offs were found, mainly for the weekly increase in size versus the number of eggs per mass, the weekly increase in size versus the number of viable eggs per mass, the number of masses versus the hatching probability and the number of eggs versus the hatching probability. All these negative associations were significant for juveniles of both control and exposed snails and not for adults; however, exposed young individuals exhibited much higher values of the correlation coefficient than control animals.

La fasciola hepatica: enfermedad y pobreza campesina / Hepatic fasciola: disease and rural poverty

Contiene: La fasciola hepatica; caracteristicas anatomicas de la fasciola hepatica; fisiologia y su ciclo biologico; los caracoles o churos hospederos intermediarios, la fascioliasis o distomatosis hepatica; tratamiento medico humano animal control caracoles y controles biologicos; presentacion y analisis de la investigacion; antecedentes; la fasciola hepatica un problema de salud; cullucachi una comunidad enferma; el minifundio y su relacion con la produccion salud; testimonios de los campesinos de la comunidad de Cullucachi; tipo de estudio; metodologia; objetivos de la investigacion; interaccion de los factores socioeconomicos y biologicos que caracterizan el proceso salud enfermedad de la poblacion infantil; factores de riesgo sanitario ambiental; perfil epidemiologico parasitario; estado nutricional de la poblacion; conclusiones; correlacion clinico laboratorial de los casos, fascioliasis o distomatosis hepatica; pruebas laboratoriales efectuadas y resultados observados; fijacion de complemento; hematologia, hemoglobina recuento eosenofilico; copraparasitologia; clinica dolor colico recurrente, sindrome diarreico; hepatomegalia, trastornos de la piel, lineamientos generales para una propuesta de accion; uso de controles biologicos; lucha contra el caracol; conclusiones generales; conclusiones; antecedentes bibliograficos del tema

Susceptibilidade de Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) columella (Say, 1817) exposta à infecçäo por miracídios de Fasciola hepática (Linnalus, 1758) / Susceptibility of Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) columella (Say, 1817) to infection by miracidia of Fasciola hepattica (Linnaeus, 1758)

Com o objetivo de estudar a susceptibilidade de Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) columella de Minas Gerais, Estado onde ainda näo se registraram casos autóctones de fasciolose hepática, foram utilizadas as amostras MG 1, MG2, MG3 e MG4, provenientes de diferentes regiöes deste Estado, para estudo comparativo com as amostras RJ e RGS procedentes dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e Rio grande do Sul, áreas de focos de fascioleose. A amostra de Fasciola hepatica utilizada era procedente de ovinos abatidos no município de Camapuä, no Rio grande do Sul, e foi mantida em coelhos. Os moluscos foram infectados com 6,8 e 10 miracídos por molusco, sendo estudadas as incidências de infecçao e de mortalidade. Nas condiçöes que se realizou o trabalho diante dos resultados obtidos, foram tiradas as seguintes conclusöes: 1. A mortalidade dos caramujos parece näo estar diretamente relacionada com a percentagem de infecäo; 2. As amostras de Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) columella de Minas Gerais, do Rio de Janeiro e do Rio Grande do Sul mostraram-se identicamente susceptíveis à infecçäo por Fasciola hepatica; 3. A populaçäo humana e os rebanhos bovino, ovino e suíno de Minas Gerais, particularmente aqueles do Vale do Rio Paraíba, podem ser considerados sujeitos à infecçäo por Fasciola hepatica

Fascioliasis hepática

Se presentan tres pacientes procedentes de Bogotá, pertenecientes a la misma familia, consumidores habituales de berros, con cuadro clínico caracterizado por perdida de peso, dolor en hipocondrio derecho y eosinofolia causado por Fasciola hepática y confirmado por sero diagnóstico y copro-análisis. El caso estudiado en el Hospital San Juan de Dios (H.S.J.D.) sirvió como índice para el diagnóstico de los dos familiares atendidos en otras instituciones. El tratamiento se realizó con dehidroemetina en dos pacientes y en otro con praziquantel, con buenos resultados