ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Fenitrothion residue is found primarily in soil, water and food products and can lead to a variety of toxic effects on the immune, hepatobiliary and hematological systems. However, the effects of fenitrothion on the male reproductive system remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fenitrothion on the sperm and testes of male Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: A 20 mg/kg dose of fenitrothion was administered orally by gavages for 28 consecutive days. Blood sample was obtained by cardiac puncture and dissection of the testes and cauda epididymis was performed to obtain sperm. The effects of fenitrothion on the body and organ weight, biochemical and oxidative stress, sperm characteristics, histology and ultrastructural changes in the testes were evaluated. RESULTS: Fenitrothion significantly decreased the body weight gain and weight of the epididymis compared with the control group. Fenitrothion also decreased plasma cholinesterase activity compared with the control group. Fenitrothion altered the sperm characteristics, such as sperm concentration, sperm viability and normal sperm morphology, compared with the control group. Oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, total glutathione and glutathione S-transferase, were significantly increased and superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in the fenitrothion-treated group compared with the control group. The histopathological and ultrastructural examination of the testes of the fenitrothion-treated group revealed alterations corresponding with the biochemical changes compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: A 20 mg/kg dose of fenitrothion caused deleterious effects on the sperm and testes of Sprague-Dawley rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Fenitrothion/toxicity , Insecticides/toxicity , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Spermatozoa/drug effects , Testis/drug effects , Organ Size/drug effects , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spermatozoa/chemistry , Time Factors , Testis/chemistry , Testis/pathologyABSTRACT
Estudou-se os efeitos tóxicos dos inseticidas esfenvalerato, fenitrotion, fenpropatrin e monocrotofos sobre as ninfas de E. kraemeri em cultura de feijoeiro. A pesquisa doi conduzida no município de Nepomuceno - MG, utilizando uma lavoura comerical de cultivar "Carioca". Os compostos foram diluídos em água nas doses recomendadas pelos fabricantes para o controle de pragas, sendo a aplicaçäo realizada através de um pulverizador costal, propiciando volume de aplicaçäo de 400 L/ha. Os resultados mostraram que todos os compostos controlaram a praga em questäo, porém o fenitrotion na dose de 750 g i.a./ha apresentou o maior nível médio de controle.
Subject(s)
Animals , Agricultural Pests , Fabaceae , Hemiptera , Insect Control , Insecticides/toxicity , Insecta/drug effects , Fenitrothion/toxicity , Insecticides/administration & dosage , Monocrotophos/toxicity , Nymph/drug effectsABSTRACT
El nivel urinario de nitrofenoles puede constituir un indicador adecuado de esposición a insecticidas organofosforados, que contienen dichos grupos en su molécula. Se detalla la metodología para la evaluación de p-nitrofenol y p-nitrocresol en orina. Se hidrolizan 3 ml de orina con HCI (c), en un baño de agua a ebullición y luego se extraen los nitrofenoles con n-hexano-éter etílico 70:30. Tratando, posteriormente, una alicuota del extracto orgánico con hexametildisilazano en hexano, se forman los derivados sililados, que se cuantifican por CGL, empleando una columna de 3% SE-30 y detector de captura electrónica de 63Ni. El método descripto constituye una simplificación del recomendado por la Agencia para la Protección Ambiental (EPA), de los Estados Unidos, para la determinación de p-nitrofenol. Es sensible, preciso y se detectan 50 ng/ml de p-nitrofenol y 100 ng/ml de p-nitrocresol en la orina. La recuperación es superior al 85%. La aplicación del método a orina de ratas tratadas con paratión o fenitrotión, permitió encontrar picos coincidentes con los tiempos de retención del p-nitrofenol y p-nitrocresol, respectivamente. Será de utilidad en Toxicología Ocupacional para evaluar el grado de contaminación de trabajadores que emplean paratión, metil paratión y/o fenitrotión.
Subject(s)
Humans , Rats , Animals , Insecticides, Organophosphate/metabolism , Insecticides, Organophosphate/pharmacology , Nitrophenols/urine , Benzene , Cholinesterases/blood , Chromatography, Gas/methods , Ether , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Fenitrothion/toxicity , Hexanes , Hydrolysis , Parathion/toxicityABSTRACT
The effect of pretreatment with clonidine, methyldopa and propranolol, and of atropine was studied in mice on acute toxicity of fenitrothion, the active ingredient of TIK-20. Atropine significantly decreased and propranolol somewhat decreased the fenitrothion induced death in mice. Clonidine and methyldopa somewhat increased the percentage mortality due to fenitrothion.