Mass Spectral Character of Fentanyl Analogues / 法医学杂志

Objective To provide the reference for the identification of unknown fentanyl analogues by studying the characteristic ions and main fragmentation pathways of fentanyl analogues in the modes of collision induced dissociation （CID） and electron ionization （EI）. Methods Nine fentanyl analogues （2, 2'-difluorofentanyl, acetyl fentanyl, fentanyl, butyl fentanyl, valeryl fentanyl, acryloyl fentanyl, furan fentanyl, 4-fluorine isobutyl fentanyl, carfentanyl） were selected and analyzed with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry （UHPLC-QTOF-MS） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The mass spectrum obtained was analyzed. The CID and EI fragmentation routes of fentanyl analogues were speculated. Results The CID and EI fragmentation pathways were highly similar. In the CID mode, characteristic ions were formed by the carbon-nitrogen bond cleavage between the piperidine ring and the N-phenyl-amide moiety, within the piperidine ring, and between the phenethyl and piperidine ring. While in the EI mode, dissociation of the piperidine ring, as well as cleavage between the piperidine ring and the phenethyl were the main fragmentation pathways. Conclusion This study summarizes the main fragmentation pathways and characteristic ions of fentanyl analogues in the CID and EI modes, which is useful for forensic laboratories to identify and structural analyze fentanyl type new psychoactive substance in practical work.

Echocardiographic parameters in dogs treated with acepromazine and fentanyl / Parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães tratados com acepromazina e fentanil

Considering that the use of tranquillizers could optimize the performance of the echocardiogram, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of protocols with acepromazine and fentanyl on the echocardiographic parameters of healthy dogs, besides their effect in systolic blood pressure (SBP), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), time spent for examination and sedation scale. Ten adult dogs were submitted to different tranquilizing protocols 20 minutes before the echocardiographic examination, totalling five treatments for each pair, performed at seven-day intervals between evaluations. The treatments were CT (control treatment), IAT (intramuscular acepromazine), OAT (oral acepromazine), FT (fentanyl) and AFT (acepromazine associated with fentanyl). In addition to the echocardiographic evaluation, SBP, degree of reassurance, duration of the exam, HR and RR in the different protocols were evaluated. There was a significant decrease of SBP in OAT. There was a significant reduction in left ventricular diameter during systole and diastole and mitral annular movement in IAT, OAT and AFT, compared with CT. There was a decrease in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and increase in mitral E/mitral A ratio in IAT and OAT when compared with CT. All the tranquillizer protocols studied were found to significantly reduce HR, that facilitated the echocardiographic examination.(AU)

Considerando que o uso de tranquilizantes poderia otimizar a realização do ecocardiograma, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito da tranquilização com acepromazina e fentanil sobre os parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães saudáveis, bem como o efeito na pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), na frequência respiratória (FR), na frequência cardíaca (FC), no tempo gasto para a realização do exame e na escala de sedação. Dez cães adultos foram submetidos a diferentes protocolos tranquilizantes, 20 minutos antes da avaliação ecocardiográfica, totalizando cinco tratamentos para cada dupla, realizados com intervalos de sete dias entre as avaliações. Os tratamentos foram: TC (tratamento controle), TAI (acepromazina intramuscular), TAO (acepromazina oral), TF (fentanil) e TAF (acepromazina associada ao fentanil). Além dos parâmetros ecocardiográficos, foram avaliados a PAS, o grau de tranquilização, o tempo de duração do exame e a FC e a FR nos diferentes protocolos. Houve diminuição significativa da PAS no TAO. Observou-se redução significativa do diâmetro do ventrículo esquerdo em sístole e diástole e do movimento anular de mitral nos protocolos TAI, TAO e TAF, comparados com o TC. Observou-se também uma redução da excursão sistólica do plano anular tricúspide e aumento da relação mitral E/mitral A nos protocolos TAI e TAO quando comparados ao TC. Todos os protocolos de tranquilização reduziram significativamente a FC, o que facilitou a realização do exame.(AU)

Study of the newborn feeding behaviors and fentanyl concentration in colostrums after an analgesic dose of epidural and intravenous fentanyl in caesarian section

To compare the effects of epidural and intravenous fentanyl on breast feeding behaviors and fentanyl concentration in colostrums after an analgesic dose. In Obstetric Department Kasr-El Aini Hospital-Cairo University. This study included 100 breast feeding mothers. All mothers were healthy multipara who gave birth. Prospective comparative study to full term healthy newborns by caesarian section using epidural anaesthesia or spinal anaesthesia with intravenous fentanyl. The studied patients were 100 multipara who had previous history of successful breastfeeding before. They were divided into 2 groups, group [1] included 50 patients who received epidural anaesthesia with fentanyl, and group [2] included 50 patients who received spinal anaesthesia with intravenous fentanyl, and both groups were observed for initial breast feeding behaviors of newborns and fentanyl concentration in colostrums at 45 minutes and 24 hours after birth. There were no statistically difference in breast feeding behaviors at birth or at 24 hours of age in both groups'. The levels of fentanyl concentration were greatest at 45 minutes of the initial sampling time reaching 0.40 +/- 0.059 ng/ml in the epidural group and, 0.19 +/- 0.019 ng/ml in intravenous fentanyl group. Although the levels of fentanyl concentration were greatest at 45 minutes of the initial sampling time it can be used safely as intravenous or epidural without affecting the initial breast feeding behaviors of the newborn

Lidocaína, Fentanyl para anestesia analgesia peridural en cesáreas

En pacientes ASA I y II, se evalúa las ventajas que tiene la adición de un narcótico, en este caso el fentanil (100 ug), a la solución del anestésico local (lidoca{ina al 2 por ciento con epinefrina 1:200.000(13cc). La presión arterial sitólica desciende en un 10 por ciento del valor inicial a los 5 minutos retornando a los valores basales aproxidamente a los quince minutos, la frecuencia cardíaca sufre pocas variaciones, sin significación clínica ni estadística. El APGAR del recién nacido tiene una media de (8.5) al primer minuto, y de 9.8) a los cinco minutos. No se reportó complicaciones inherentes a la técnica anestésica durante el seguimiento que se realizó de los niñoa a las 12 y 24 horas...