Estudiantes universitarias nuligestas en edad fértil y su postura acerca de posibles vías del parto / Nuligest university students of childbearing age and their position about possible ways of delivery

Resumen Introducción: Tanto a nivel sudamericano como mundial, el incremento de la tasa de cesáreas electivas ha sido abrumante. Esto se considera un problema de salud pública, ya que el parto vaginal es la vía más fisiológica para el nacimiento y trae beneficios de salud para la madre y el recién nacido, tanto inmediatos como a futuro. Objetivo: Evaluar la postura de mujeres nuligestas en edad fértil acerca de las vías del parto a través de sus conocimientos, percepciones y preferencias. Método: Estudio de corte transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta a estudiantes universitarias para la recopilación de datos mediante SPSS, y análisis con prueba de diferencias de proporciones y de χ2. Resultados: 210 mujeres encuestadas. Un 80% de ellas desconoce la menor morbilidad infantil asociada a un parto vaginal, más de la mitad estima una ventaja de la cesárea que evite el dolor y un gran porcentaje desconoce los riesgos médicos asociados a la cesárea. Conclusiones: Existe un alto nivel de desconocimiento respecto a beneficios, riesgos y consecuencias de las diferentes vías del parto.

Abstract Introduction: Both in South America and worldwide, the increase in the rate of elective caesarean sections has been overwhelming. This is considered a public health problem, since vaginal delivery is the most physiological route for birth and brings health benefits for the mother and the newborn, immediately and in the future. Objective: To evaluate the position of nulliparous women of childbearing age regarding the delivery pathways through their knowledge, perceptions, and preferences. Method: Cross-sectional study with an analytical component. A survey was applied to university students for data collection through SPSS, and analysis was made with the difference of proportions and χ2 test. Results: 210 women surveyed; 80% of them are unaware of the lower infant morbidity associated with a vaginal delivery, more than a half estimate an advantage of a cesarean section that it avoids pain, and a large percentage are unaware of the medical risks associated with cesarean sections. Conclusions: There is a high level of ignorance regarding the benefits, risks and consequences of the different delivery routes.

Caracterización de la población femenina con riesgo preconcepcional del municipio Arroyo Naranjo / Characterization of the Female Population with Preconception Risk of Arroyo Naranjo Municipality

Introducción: El riesgo reproductivo preconcepcional es la probabilidad que tiene una mujer no gestante de sufrir daño, ella o su producto, si se involucra en el proceso reproductivo. Objetivo: Caracterizar a la población femenina de 15 a 49 años de edad que presentan riesgo preconcepcional del municipio Arroyo Naranjo. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. El universo se constituyó de 603 mujeres en edad fértil pertenecientes al Consultorio No. 2 del Policlínico Párraga, municipio Arroyo Naranjo en el período 2015 -2016. La muestra fue de 160 mujeres que presentaban riesgo preconcepcional seleccionadas por la técnica de muestra no probabilística por criterio intencional (muestreo intencional). Se aplicó un cuestionario para recopilar los datos, con previo consentimiento informado, se revisaron las historias clínicas individuales, familiares y las tarjetas de riesgo preconcepcional. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, estado nutricional, hábitos tóxicos, uso de anticonceptivos, paridad, periodo intergénesico, las enfermedades crónicas asociadas.Los datos fueron procesados estadísticamente y, realizado el resumen, se expresaron en valores de frecuencia y porcentaje. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo preconcepcional que más influyeron fueron: la edad entre 15 y 19 años, el asma, la malnutrición por exceso, el periodo intergenésico mayor de 2 años, las multíparas y el hábito de fumar. El método anticonceptivo más utilizado fue el dispositivo intrauterino, Conclusiones: Se evidenció que con una adecuada dispensarización y seguimiento se puede garantizar que se arribe a la reproducción en condiciones óptimas(AU)

Introduction: Preconception reproductive risk is the probability that a non-pregnant woman has of suffering harm, on herself or her offspring, if she is involved in the reproductive process. Objective: To characterize the female population aged 15-49 years who present preconception risk. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe consisted of 603 women of childbearing age from the family medical office 2 of Párraga Polyclinic, Arroyo Naranjo Municipality (Havana, Cuba), in the period 2015-2016. The sample consisted of 160 women who presented preconception risk and selected using the nonprobabilistic sampling technique by intentional criteria (intentional sampling). A questionnaire was applied to collect data, with prior informed consent. Individual and family medical records and preconception risk cards were reviewed. The variables studied were age, nutritional status, toxic habits, use of contraceptives, parity, intergenic period, and associated chronic diseases. The data were statistically processed and, after the summary, they were expressed in frequency and percentage values. Results: The preconception risk factors that most influenced were age between 15 and 19 years, asthma, malnutrition in excess. The most used contraceptive method was the intrauterine device. Conclusions: It was evidenced that with adequate dispenzarization and follow-up, it can be guaranteed that reproduction be reached in optimal conditions(AU)

Reparación de fístula vesicovaginal mediante técnica laparoscópica / Repair of vesicovaginal fistula by laparoscopic technique

RESUMEN Objetivos: Describir la experiencia de 43 pacientes con fístula vesicovaginal (FVV) y la reparación con técnica laparoscópica entre 2009 y 2020, analizar su comportamiento y evolución. Métodos: Análisis de 43 pacientes diagnosticadas de FVV supratrigonales secundarias a histerectomías, la mismas que fueron resueltas laparoscópicamente. Resultados: La FVV es una complicación que se presenta en mujeres de edad media a menudo en periodo fértil, y claramen-te demostrado con el antecedente de cirugía o procedimiento ginecológico. Las pacientes fueron diagnosticadas de fístula vesicovaginal, las mismas que fueron intervenidas quirúrgicamente mediante técnica laparoscópica. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 172 minutos. Ninguna paciente requirió trans-fusión sanguínea y el tiempo de hospitalización promedio fue de 3,7 días. No se presentaron complicaciones ni recidivas, con un seguimiento promedio de 12 meses. Conclusión: La reparación laparoscópica de la fístula vesicovaginal es una técnica segura, poco invasiva y reproducible en manos entrenadas.Palabras claves: Fístula vesicovaginal, reparación laparoscópica

ABSTRACT Objectives: To describe the experience of 43 patients with Vesicovaginal Fistula (VVF) and laparoscopic repair between 2009 and 2020, and analyze its behavior and evolution. Methods: Analysis of 43 patients diagnosed with supratrigonal VVF secondary to hysterectomies, which were resolved laparoscop-ically. Results: The VVF is a complication that happen in middle-aged women often fertile period, and clearly demonstrated by the history of surgery or gynecological procedure. The patients were diagnosed with vesicovaginal fistula, they were operated on by laparoscopic technique. Mean operative time was 172 minutes. No patient required blood transfusion and the mean hospital stay was 3.7 days. No complications or relapses, with an average follow up of 12 months. Conclusion: Laparoscopic repair of VVF is a safe, minimally invasive and reproducible in trained hands

Hormônios e mulheres na menopausa / Hormones and women in menopause / Hormonas y mujeres en la menopausia

O término do ciclo fértil das mulheres está historicamente atrelado a sua capacidade reprodutiva, demarcando de maneira significativa o início do processo de envelhecimento. O climatério, momento de transição entre o período fértil e a menopausa (que é a última menstruação), é percebido em nossa sociedade como uma questão médica. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como os hormônios, considerados produtos atuantes em dinâmicas humanas, agenciam modos de subjetivação entre mulheres que passam pela menopausa na nossa sociedade, que valoriza a produtividade e a juventude. Nesta pesquisa, inspirada na cartografia de controvérsias proposto por Bruno Latour, foram analisados sete vídeos disponibilizados no Youtube pela indústria farmacêutica Bayer que abordavam direta ou indiretamente a "reposição hormonal" para mulheres. Identificamos que as mudanças hormonais na velhice são compreendidas como um desequilíbrio, causador de calores, problemas de libido, osteoporose, problemas cardíacos, secura vaginal etc. Tais percepções levam à busca por soluções médicas, como a reposição hormonal, para que o corpo alcance novamente o equilíbrio perdido com o envelhecimento. Concluímos que os hormônios são prescritos pelos médicos com a promessa de as mulheres se manterem jovens e sexualmente atraentes para seus parceiros do sexo masculino dentro de uma perspectiva que reitera o machismo e a heteronormatividade na sociedade.(AU)

Historically, the end of women' fertile years is intrinsically associated with their reproductive capacity, marking the beginning of their aging process. In our society, the climacteric (transition period between fertility and menopause, consisting of the last menstruation) is perceived as a medical question. Thus, this article aimed to discuss how hormones, considered as active products in human dynamics, act as subjectivation modes among women who undergo menopause in a society such as ours, which values youth and productivity. Inspired by Bruno Latour's cartography of controversies, this research analyzed seven videos made available by the Bayer pharmaceutical company on YouTube, approaching "hormone replacement" for women either directly or indirectly. The results indicate that age-related hormonal changes are understood as an imbalance that triggers hot flashes, decreased libido, osteoporosis, heart diseases, and vaginal dryness. Such understanding drives the search for medical interventions aiming to regain the body balance lost with aging. Thus, doctors prescribe hormones under the guise of keeping women young and sexually attractive to their male partners, reiterating a logic of machismo and heteronormativity within our society.(AU)

El final del ciclo fértil femenino históricamente relacionado a la capacidad reproductiva marca de manera significativa el inicio del proceso de envejecimiento de las mujeres. El climatérico, momento de transición entre el período fértil a la menopausia caracterizado por la última menstruación, es percibido por nuestra sociedad como una cuestión médica. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo las hormonas, consideradas como productos activos en la dinámica humana, actúan en los modos de subjetivación entre las mujeres, que atraviesan la menopausia, en una sociedad que valora la productividad y la juventud. En esta investigación, inspirada en la cartografía de controversias propuesta por Bruno Latour, se analizaron siete vídeos disponibles en YouTube por la industria farmacéutica de Bayer, los cuales plantean directa o indirectamente la terapia de "reemplazo hormonal" para las mujeres. Se identificó que los cambios hormonales en las personas mayores se entienden como un desequilibrio que provocaría calores, problemas en la libido, osteoporosis, problemas cardíacos, sequedad vaginal, etc. Tales hallazgos implican en la búsqueda de orientación médica para que el cuerpo alcance de nuevo el equilibrio perdido con el envejecimiento. Se concluye que las hormonas son prescriptas por médicos con la promesa de que las mujeres seguirán siendo jóvenes y sexualmente atractivas para su pareja masculina, dentro de una perspectiva que reitera el machismo y la heteronormatividad de nuestra sociedad.(AU)

Tos crónica en mujer de edad fértil / Chronic cough in a woman of childbearing age

Entre los síntomas respiratorios, la tos crónica en un problema que afecta la calidad de vida. En mujeres de edad fértil se observó que los síntomas respiratorios varían significativamente en el transcurso del ciclo menstrual, la tos muestra un pico en ascenso antes y después de la mitad del ciclo menstrual, sobre todo en pacientes con diagnóstico previo de asma. Comprender el rol de las hormonas sexuales en las enfermedades respiratorias, en la última década representa un avance en su fisiopatología

Reportes al Centro Nacional de Toxicología de mujeres en edad fértil expuestas a plaguicidas / Reports to the National Center for Toxicology of women of childbearing age exposed to pesticides

Introducción: el amplio uso de los plaguicidas químicos en la agricultura propicia la exposición semejante de mujeres y hombres a estos productos. Los riesgos por exposición a plaguicidas, tales como los de toxicidad aguda y crónica, efectos inmunológicos, hormonales, endocrinos y sobre la reproducción, no han recibido atención suficiente a nivel mundial. Objetivo: caracterizar los reportes al Centro Nacional de Toxicología de mujeres en edad fértil expuestas a plaguicidas entre 2009 y 2013. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional en una serie de 402 mujeres, se analizaron las variables edad, circunstancia, gravedad de la intoxicación y tipo de pesticida. Resultados: las mujeres en edad fértil atendidas representaron la mitad del total de expuestas, con edad promedio de 30,3 años, la mayor incidencia fue de los eventos leves con fines suicidas. Los plaguicidas más involucrados pertenecen al grupo otros/varios. Conclusiones: las mujeres más afectadas fueron las del grupo 12 a 24 años de edad, con intoxicaciones intencionales suicidas de leve intensidad, ocasionadas por plaguicidas del grupo otros/varios(AU)

Introduction: The widespread use of chemical pesticides in agriculture lead to similar exposure of women and men to these products. Risks from exposure to pesticides, such as acute and chronic toxicity, immunological, hormonal, endocrine and reproductive effects, have not received sufficient global attention. Objective: Characterize the reports to the National Center for Toxicology of women of childbearing age exposed to pesticides between years 2009 and 2013. Methods: An observational study was conducted in a sample of 402 women, in which the following variables were studied; age, circumstance, severity of intoxication and type of pesticide. Results: Women of childbearing age accounted for half of the total number of patients exposed, with a mean age of 30,3 years, with milder events being suicidal. The pesticides most involved belong to the group others/various. Conclusions: The most affected women were those in the 12 to 24 years of age, with intentional poisonings of mild intensity caused by pesticides of the group others/various(AU)

Mujeres en edad fértil: etapa crucial en la vida para el desarrollo óptimo de las futuras generaciones / Women of childbearing age: key life period for the optimal development of future generations

Las mujeres en edad fértil presentan una serie de características que definen no solo su salud y bienestar, sino que también se convierten en factores positivos o negativos predictores de la salud de las futuras generaciones. De ahí la relevancia del estudio de las condiciones en las cuales transcurre la vida de las mujeres durante la etapa biológica de fertilidad en la cual, potencialmente podrían convertirse en madres. Para su estudio, el análisis de la adolescencia femenina y sus retos es imprescindible dada la cantidad de embarazos no planificados que ocurren durante esta etapa con consecuencias para la vida futura de las mujeres y sus hijos. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo explorar los diferentes aspectos de la etapa de fertilidad femenina dentro del marco de la prevención de enfermedades de la mujer y del futuro hijo que pueda concebir. Dichos aspectos son: 1- Entornos de vulnerabilidad 2- Enfermedades de transmisión sexual 3- Estado nutricional y 4- Embarazo no planificado Conclusión: Los avances en la comprensión de la vulnerabilidad en la cual transcurre la vida de una gran proporción de mujeres en edad fértil ha sido importante, sin embargo todavía los retos en el mejoramiento del bienestar de estas mujeres y sus hijos son importantes. Existe una ventana de oportunidad para realizar esfuerzos mancomunados para trabajar en pro del desarrollo de las mujeres con visión de logro de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible al 2030(AU)

Women of childbearing age show characteristics that define not only their health and well-being, but are also potential positive or negative predictors of the health of future generations. Hence the relevance of the study of the conditions in which life of women takes place through the biological stage of fertility during which they could possibly become mothers. For the study of this phase, the understanding of female adolescence and its challenges is essential, given the number of unplanned pregnancies that occur during this stage with consequences for the future life of women and their children. The objective of this review is to explore the different aspects of the period of female fertility within the framework of the prevention of diseases of women and of the future child that can conceive. These aspects are: 1- Vulnerability environments 2- Sexually transmitted diseases 3- Nutritional status and 4- Unplanned pregnancy Conclusion: Progress in understanding the vulnerability in which the life of a large proportion of women of childbearing age It has been important, but still the challenges in improving the well-being of these women and their children are important. There is a window of opportunity for joint efforts to work towards the development of women with a vision of achieving sustainable development goals by 2030(AU)

Mortalidade de mulheres em idade fértil entre 1998 e 2012 na microrregião de Barbacena / Women mortality in fertile age between 1998 and 2012 in the Barbacena microregion

Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as causas de mortes de mulheres entre 10 e 49 anos na microrregião de Barbacena, Minas Gerais, no período de 1998 a 2012, focalizando também a mortalidade materna. Método: Estudo transversal. Os dados foram coletados utilizando o Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e o Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) do DATASUS. Foram selecionadas as seguintes variáveis: ano, idade, raça/ cor, estado civil, escolaridade, causa básica do óbito e nascidos vivos. Os dados foram processados nos programas Excel e SPSS 17.0 e apresentados em gráficos e tabelas. Resultados: O coeficiente médio de mortalidade de mulheres em idade fértil no período foi de 130 óbitos por 100 mil mulheres. Morreram mais mulheres no período estudado na faixa de 40 a 49 anos, por doenças cardiovasculares, seguidas de neoplasias. Foram observadas mais mortes nas solteiras, de menor escolaridade. Quanto à raça, as negras tiveram mais óbitos relacionados ao ciclo gravídico puerperal. Conclusão: Percebeu-se a importância em conhecer o perfil de mortalidade nessa faixa etária, tanto para possíveis intervenções na redução da mortalidade quanto no planejamento e estabelecimento de prioridades das políticas de saúde pública.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to characterize the women death causes between 10 and 49 years old at the micro-region of Barbacena, Minas Gerais between 1998 and 2012, also focusing on maternal mortality. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The datas were colected using "Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM)" and "Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC)" from DATASUS. Year, age, race/color, marital status, education, cause of death and live births were selected as variables. The data were processed in Excel and SPSS 17.0 programs and presented in graphs and tables. Results: The mortality rate of women in fertile age in the period was 130 deaths for 100 thousand women. More women died in the studied period between 40 and 49 years because of cardiovascular diseases, followed by neoplasm diseases. The deaths were bigger in singles and women with less scholarity. Dealing with race, black women had more deaths related with the pregnancy-puerperal cicle. Conclusion: It was realized the importance of knowing the mortality profile in this age group, because with that, it is possible to make interventions in reducing mortality and to plan and prioritize the public health policies.

Salivary ferning as an alternative to sonographic follicle monitoring for determining ovulation: A comparative study / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

OBJECTIVE: To determine if salivary ferning correlates significantly with sonographic indices in identifying the fertile period, and whether it may be used as a cheaper, and more convenient way to aid infertility patients in achieving pregnancy. POPULATION: Subjects who complain of difficulty achieving pregnancy and for whom follicle monitoring was indicated were recruited from the Outpatient Department in a tertiary hospital in Manila. METHODOLOGY: Patients (n=40) with Primary or Secondary Infertility from April 2013 to August 2015 who require serial follicle monitoring as part of infertility work up were recruited in the study. For every follicle monitoring by ultrasound done by one sonologist, a salivary sample was obtained from the subject and the ferning pattern was determined and recorded by one pathologist blinded as to the day of the subject's menstrual cycle. RESULTS: There was a total of 40 subjects who underwent 2 serial follicle monitoring during the study. The 1 st TVS (preovulatory) was done between Day 9 to 14 of the cycle with an average of Day 11. Correspondingly, salivary ferning done showed that there were 26 (65.0%) with Salivary Ferning 1 pattern and 14 (35.0%) with Salivary Ferning 2 pattern (p=0.35). This showed no significant difference between follicle monitoring and salivary ferning pattern and either may be used in identifying fertile period preovulatory. The 2nd TVS (postovulatory) was done between Day 12 to 21 with an average of Day 16. All the second ultrasound findings showed signs of ovulation. Correspondingly, there were 1 (2.0%) showed Salivary Ferning 1 pattern, 11 (27.5%) showed Salivary Ferning 2 Pattern and 28 (70.0%) showed Salivary Ferning 3 Pattern 9 (p=0.05). This showed no significant difference between follicle monitoring and salivary ferning pattern, hence, TVS follicle monitoring remains more reliable in identifying that ovulation has occurred. CONCLUSION: Salivary ferning corresponded well with ultrasonographic findings during the preovulatory phase of the cycle, while no correlation was noted between the salivary ferning pattern and the postovulatory phase of the cycle. Hence, sonographic follicle monitoring remains a better predictor of ovulation, and more effective in identifying the fertile period

Experiencia preliminar en el uso del registro de fertilidad en una cohorte de pacientes de infertilidad en un servicio de ginecología y obstetricia / Preliminary experience in the use of fertility charting in a cohort of infertility patients at a department of obstetrics and gynecology / Experiência preliminar no uso do registro de fertilidade em um coorte de pacientes de infertilidade num serviço de ginecologia e obstetrícia

Objetivo: estudiar los resultados de las pacientes con infertilidad tratadas con un enfoque de medicina restaurativa (naprotecnología) en un servicio de ginecología y obstetricia. Metodología: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo realizado por el departamento de obstetricia y ginecología de la Universidad de los Andes (Santiago, Chile) en pacientes con infertilidad de un área suburbana de Santiago de Chile, que recibieron tratamiento entre el 2006 y 2014. Todas las parejas recibieron instrucción para reconocer su período de fertilidad según un modelo local de enseñanza, basado en el modelo Creigthon (Creigthon Model FertilityCare System). Recibieron, además, tratamiento médico para inducción de ovulación, mejoramiento del período fértil o cirugía reparadora. La medición primaria fue el número de embarazos. Resultados: 131 pacientes recibieron la instrucción. El promedio de edad fue de 33.6 años. 78 pacientes (59.5%) consultaron por infertilidad primaria; 53 (40.5%), infertilidad secundaria. El tiempo de infertilidad del grupo fue de 4.1 años. El promedio de uso del método fue de 12.6 meses (mediana, 9 meses). Las causas de infertilidad identificadas fueron anovulación (50.4%), tubo-peritoneal (18.3%), endometriosis (14.5%), uterino (9.2%), cervical (8.4%) y masculino (19.1%). Hubo 33 embarazos (25.2 global). La proporción cruda de embarazos a los 24 meses fue de 22.9% y la ajustada por tabla de vida a los 24 meses fue de 40 por 100 parejas. Conclusiones: el enfoque de medicina restaurativa es efectivo para lograr embarazos pero requiere de un manejo longitudinal a largo plazo. El abandono temprano del uso del registro de fertilidad afecta la eficacia del enfoque. Se requiere de mayor investigación para optimizar el manejo médico.

Objective: to study the results in patients undergoing infertility treatment with a focus on restorative medicine (NaProTechnology) at a department of obstetrics and gynecology. Methodology: retrospective cohort study conducted by the gynecology and obstetrics department at Universidad de los Andes (Santiago, Chile) in infertility patients from a suburban area of Santiago de Chile, who received treatment between 2006 and 2014. All couples received instructions on how to recognize their fertility period according to a local teaching model based on the Creighton Model FertilityCare System. They also received medical treatment to induce ovulation and/or widen their fertile period, or surgical treatment. The main outcome was the number of pregnancies. Results: 131 patients received instructions. The mean age was 33.6 years. Seventyeight patients (59.5%) consulted due to primary infertility; 53 (40.5%) due to secondary infertility. The duration of group infertility was 4.1 years. The mean use of the method was 12.6 months (median, 9 months). The infertility causes identified included anovulation (50.4%), tubo-peritoneal factors (18.3%), endometriosis (14.5%), uterine factors (9.2%), cervical factors (8.4%) and masculine factors (19.1%). There were 33 pregnancies (25.2 global). The crude proportion of pregnancies at 24 months was 22.9% and the proportion adjusted by the life table at 24 months was 40 per 100 couples. Conclusions: the focus on restorative medicine is effective to achieve pregnancy but it requires a long-term longitudinal treatment. Early discontinuation of fertility charting affects the efficacy of this focus. More research is warranted to optimize medical treatment.

Objetivo: estudar os resultados das pacientes com infertilidade tratadas com um enfoque de medicina restaurativa (naprotecnologia) em um serviço de ginecologia y obstetrícia. Metodologia: estudo de coorte retrospectivo realizado pelo departamento de obstetrícia e ginecologia da Universidad de los Andes (Santiago, Chile) em pacientes com infertilidade de uma área suburbana de Santiago de Chile, que receberam tratamento entre 2006 e 2014. Todas os casais receberam instrução para reconhecer seu período de fertilidade segundo um modelo local de ensinamento, baseado no modelo Creigthon (Creigthon Model FertilityCare System). Receberam, ademais, tratamento médico para indução de ovulação, melhoramento do período fértil ou cirurgia reparadora. A medição primária foi o número de gravidez. Resultados: 131 pacientes receberam a instrução. A média de idade foi de 33.6 anos. 78 pacientes (59.5%) consultaram por infertilidade primária; 53 (40.5%), infertilidade secundária. O tempo de infertilidade do grupo foi de 4.1 anos. A média de uso do método foi de 12.6 meses (mediana, 9 meses). As causas de infertilidade identificadas foram anovulação (50.4%), tubo-peritoneal (18.3%), endometriose (14.5%), uterino (9.2%), cervical (8.4%) e masculino (19.1%). Houve 33 gravidezes (25.2 global). A proporção crua de gravidezes aos 24 meses foi de 22.9% e a ajustada por tabela de vida aos 24 meses foi de 40 por 100 casais. Conclusões: o enfoque de medicina restaurativa é efetivo para conseguir gravidezes mas requere de um manejo longitudinal a longo prazo. O abandono precoce do uso do registro de fertilidade afeta a eficácia do enfoque. Se requere de maior investigação para otimizar o manejo médico.

Mulheres em idade fértil: causas de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva e resultados / Women of childbearing age: causes of hospitalization in intensive care unit and results

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes obstétricas representam uma fração significativa das admissões em unidades de cuidado intensivo e consistem em um desafio para a equipe. OBJETIVO: Analisar as principais causas de internação e morte materna de mulheres em idade fértil ocorridas em unidades de terapia intensiva de hospitais de um município do Noroeste do Paraná, Sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado com mulheres em idade fértil (10 a 49 anos) internadas em três unidades de terapia intensiva existentes em um município do Noroeste do Paraná, por causas obstétricas e não obstétricas, no período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2009. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas 775 internações de mulheres em idade fértil, com uma média de idade de 33,7±10,3 anos, com duração média de internação de 5,0±8,4 dias. A maior parte das mulheres era do município estudado (67,2%), com baixa escolaridade (nível primário, 68,2%). Entre as causas obstétricas de internação, a pré-eclâmpsia grave e a eclâmpsia se constituíram na principal causa (71,3%); a pielonefrite se destacou sob outras condições no período gestacional (53%). Não foi encontrada associação estatística entre internações por causas obstétricas em unidade de terapia intensiva e óbito. CONCLUSÃO: As causas não obstétricas representaram a maioria das internações de mulheres em idade fértil nas unidades de terapia intensiva do município, no período estudado e, entre as causas obstétricas, a pré-eclâmpsia grave e a eclâmpsia constituíram a principal causa.

INTRODUCTION: Obstetric patients represent a significant fraction of admissions to intensive care units and consist of a challenge to the team. Objective: To analyze the main causes of maternal death and hospitalization of women of childbearing age occurring in intensive care units of hospitals in a city in Northwestern Paraná, Southern Brazil. METHODS: Exploratory, descriptive and retrospective study, conducted with women of childbearing age (10-49 years) admitted in three intensive care units existing in a city of Northwest Paraná, for obstetric and non-obstetric causes, from January 2005 to December 2009. RESULTS: There were 775 admissions of women of childbearing age, with a mean age of 33.7±10.3 years; the mean duration of hospitalization was 5.0±8.4 days. Most of the women were from the municipality (67.2%), with low education level (primary level, 68.2%). Among the obstetric causes of hospitalization, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia constituted the main cause (71.3%); pyelonephritis stood out other conditions during pregnancy (53%). There was no statistical association betweenhospital admissions for obstetric causes in intensive care unit and death. CONCLUSION: Non-obstetric causes accounted for the majority of hospitalizations of women of childbearing age in the intensive care unit of this municipality during the study period; among obstetric causes, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were the main causes.

Infertilidad e infección por Chlamydia trachomatis en mujeres sexualmente activas del estado Carabobo, Venezuela / Infertility and infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in sexually active women from Carabobo state, Venezuela

Introducción: Chlamydia trachomatis es una bacteria intracelular obligada cuyo único hospedador es el hombre, capaz de producir la afección llamada clamidiosis, infección que puede ser aguda o crónica, que causa con gran frecuencia en mujeres infertilidad. La situación, puede ser grave para Venezuela donde la información epidemiológica es escasa y limitada a un pequeño número de estudios y a datos oficiales incompletos. Esta investigación pretendió determinar en mujeres sexualmente activas con infertilidad infección por C. trachomatis como posible causa. Materiales y métodos: fue un estudio descriptivo en 198 mujeres de distintas comunidades del estado Carabobo, Venezuela con infertilidad primaria o secundaria. Se recogieron datos de identificación y de antecedentes obstétricos y a través del método inmunoenzimático indirecto se determinaron anticuerpos IgM e IgG anti C. trachomatis. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 34,3±5,9 años, 38,4% resultaron con infección, de estas 72,3% estaban en el período fértil de su vida reproductiva y eran positivas para ambas Ig. De estas 43,7% lograron embarazo, pero 35,4% terminaron en aborto y 5,2 en embarazo ectópico. Discusión: existe alta prevalencia y asociación entre infección por C. trachomatis e infertilidad en mujeres del estado Carabobo, Venezuela, como consecuencia directa del carácter mayoritariamente asintomático de la infección clamidial y de su evolución hacia la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica condición determinante de infertilidad femenina primaria, de abortos y embarazos ectópicos, tratables en estas mujeres pues la mayoría estaba en la fase activa de la infección y en pleno período fértil.

Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium whose only host is human, capable of producing the condition called chlamydiosis, infection can be acute or chronic, very often causes infertility in women. The situation may be serious for Venezuela where epidemiological information is scarce and limited to a small number of studies and official data incomplete. Materials and Method: this research sought to determine in sexually active women with infertility caused by C. trachomatis as a possible cause. It was a descriptive study of 198 women from different communities in the state of Carabobo, Venezuela with primary or secondary infertility. Identification data were collected and obstetric history and through indirect immunosorbent assay were determined IgM and IgGanti C. trachomatis. Results: the average age was 34.3 ± 5.9 years, 38.4% were infected, of these 72.3% were in the fertile period of their reproductive lives and were positive for both Ig. Of these 43.7% achieved pregnancy but 35.4% ended in abortion and 5.2 in ectopic pregnancy. Discussion: there is high prevalence and association between infection for C. trachomatis and infertility in women of the Carabobo, Venezuela state, as direct consequence of the majority asymptomatic character of the chlamidial infection and of your evolution towards the inflammatory pelvic illness determining condition of feminine primary infertility, of abortions and ectopic pregnancies, friendly in these women because the full age were in the active phase of the infection and in the middle of fertile period.

histological changes of the female rat mammary gland during the fertile period with a special reference to E-cadherin expression

E-cadherin [E-cad] is a cell adhesion molecule, essential for the maintenance of the epithelial phenotype. The current study aimed at showing the histological changes and the pattern of E-cad expression in the female rat mammary gland during different stages of their fertile period microscopically and morphometrically. Thirty-five adult female albino rats [3-4 months old] were divided into seven groups [five rats each]: the rats in group I were not pregnant [resting] and groups II-VII were sacrificed at days 7 and 14 of each of their pregnancy, lactation, and weaning stages. The excised right inguinal mammary glands were processed for H and E and E-cad immunostaining. The sections were evaluated microscopically and morphometrically. The mammary gland of nonpregnant rats had abundant adipose connective tissue with few glandular elements. During pregnancy, there was a progressive increase in the alveoli, which became distended with milk, with prominent sac formation during lactation. The E-cad expression pattern was mainly observed as a strong positive linear membranous pattern in all borders of epithelial cell lining, whereas the myoepithelial cells were negative. These observations were found in different groups, except that of lactation, where the pattern was limited to the basolateral membranes of these epithelial cells. Morphometrically, the positive membranous epithelial cells for E-cad, its density area fraction and cytoplasmic positive reaction ranged from 7-83%, 3.9-6.8% and 0-7%, respectively in all groups. In late pregnancy, there was a marked increase in the negative epithelial cells [93%], with a significant decrease in density area fraction expression [3.9%], which was persistent during lactation. Positive E-cad expression of stromal cells was only observed during weaning. The E-cad was mainly localized to the membranes of epithelial cell lining and absent in myoepithelial cells. The quantitative E-cad expression can represent a tool that ensures qualitative microscopic observations during the fertile period

Efeito da derivação biliopancreática na função da célula-beta de mulheres obesas grau I e II portadoras de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Effect of biliopancreatic diversion in the beta-cell function of grade I and II obese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da cirurgia de derivação biliopancreática (DBP) na função da célula-beta de mulheres obesas grau I e II portadoras de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), utilizando estímulos com glicose oral e intravenosa. Material e métodos: foram avaliadas 68 mulheres na menacme que compuseram três grupos: Controle magro - CMagro (n = 19, IMC = 23,0 ± 2,2 kg/m²), Controle obeso - CObeso: 18 mulheres obesas (IMC = 35,0 ± 4,8 kg/m²), ambos normotolerante à glicose; e Obeso com DM2 - ObesoDM2 (n = 31; IMC: 36,3 ± 3,7 kg/m²). No grupo ObesoDM2, 64% das mulheres foram submetidas à cirurgia de DBP (n = 20, IMC: 36,5 ± 3,7 kg/m²). Os 68 pacientes passaram por todas as avaliações uma única vez. Os pacientes submetidos à DBP foram reavaliados um mês após a cirurgia. A avaliação da célula-beta foi realizada por testes dinâmicos com estímulo oral (teste de tolerância à glicose oral) e intravenoso (clamp hiperglicêmico). Foram dosados glicose, insulina e peptídeo-C plasmáticos. A aplicação das técnicas de modelagem matemática aos dados possibilitou avaliar as secreções de insulina basal, dinâmica e estática (estímulo oral); a primeira e a segunda fase de secreção de insulina (estímulo intravenoso); a secreção de insulina total; a sensibilidade à insulina (SI), a extração hepática de insulina (EH) e o tempo de atraso ou tempo de atraso para a célula-beta recrutar novos grânulos de insulina para compor o reservatório de grânulos prontamente liberáveis em resposta a determinada glicemia. Resultados: após a DBP houve melhora substancial na SI no TTOG e no teste de clamp, com o grupo cirúrgico alcançando níveis semelhantes aos do grupo CMagro e mais elevados que do grupo CObeso (p < 0,05). A EH de insulina apresentou aumento significante após a DBP, com o grupo cirúrgico mantendo-se semelhante ao CMagro e com níveis aumentados em relação ao CObeso (p < 0,05)...

Objective: to assess the effect of biliopancreatic diversion surgery (BPD) in beta-cell function of obese grade I and II women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using an oral and an intravenous stimuli with glucose. Research Design and Methods: sixty eight premenopausal women were assessed and divided into three groups: lean control - LeanC (n = 19; BMI: 23.0 ± 2.2 kg/m²), obese control - ObeseC (n = 18; BMI: 35.0 ± 4.8kg/m²), both with normal glucose tolerance; and obese with type 2 diabetes - ObeseT2DM (n = 31; BMI: 36.3 ± 3.7 kg/m²). In ObeseDM2 group, 64% of women underwent BPD (n = 20, BMI: 36.5 ± 3.7 kg/m²). The 68 volunteers underwent all assessments once. The volunteers those underwent BPD were reassessed one month after surgery. The assessment of beta-cell function was performed by dynamic tests with an oral (oral glucose tolerance test) and an intravenous stimulation test (hyperglycemic clamp). Serum glucose, insulin and C-peptide were determined. The application of mathematical modeling techniques to data allowed to evaluate basal, dynamic and static (oral stimulus) insulin secretion; the first and second phase of insulin secretion (intravenous stimulus); the total insulin secretion; the insulin sensitivity (IS); the hepatic extraction of insulin (EH) and the delay time for the beta-cell to recruit new insulin granules to form the pool of readily releasable granules in response to a given plasma glucose. Results: after BPD, there was a dramatic improvement on IS during the OGTT and during the clamp test, with the surgical group reaching normalized levels compared to those observed in LeanC group and higher levels than ObeseC group (p < 0.05). The EH of insulin showed significant improvement after BPD, with the surgical group reaching similar levels to LeanC and with increased levels in comparison to ObeseC (p < 0.05)...

Effect of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea on the fatality, recovery of fertile period and breeding record in C57BL/6J mice / 동물의과학연구지

N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) is a potent mutagen in a mouse model by inducing point mutation in a random manner and, in particular, causing heritable base substitutions in spermatogonia. In this study, systematic development of phenotype-driven mutant mice with large scale was carried out by using ENU. Nine-week-old male mice of C57BL/6J received intraperitoneal injection at three times with 100 mg/kg of ENU at weekly intervals for three weeks. After injections with ENU, the changes of body weight, fatality, recovery of fertile period, and breeding record were measured in these mice. Body weight lost as a result of ENU treatments was reversed after the last ENU injection. Live fertile male mice recovered from infertility from 104 to 165 days after ENU treatments were mated with C57BL/6J female mice for generation of G1 offspring. An average birth rate was 5.9 mice from 1 pair of paternal and maternal mice. All of 231 G1 offspring mice were analyzed by modified-SHIRPA with standard procedure at nine weeks of age. Among G1 mice, 166 mice were identified as mutagenic phenotypes in 20 test items. The changes in mutagenic phenotypes after ENU treatments, for instance, pattern in the region with a different color, touch escape, changes in head morphology, pupil, and teeth, and negative geotaxis etc., were found in these mice. Taken together, these results indicate that ENU may be a trans-generational mutagen in C57BL/6J mice.

Influence of female hormonal fluctuation on maximum occlusal force

Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle may influence on muscular tensions and probably alter occlusal force. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether hormonal levels affect maximum occlusal force (MOF) of healthy women throughout the different phases of the menstrual cycle. Sixty complete dentate subjects who were not under use of oral contraceptives were selected to participate in this study. MOF was bilaterally evaluated on the molar region, during 3 complete menstrual cycles, using 5.65 mm-wide sensors. Measurements were carried out during each of the following menstrual cycle phases: menstrual, follicular, periovulatory and luteal, presumed by ovulation test. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). Comparisons among menstrual cycle phases showed no differences on MOF (p=0.27). Under the conditions of this study, it may be concluded that hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle do not affect MOF of a sample of healthy women.

As flutuações hormonais durante o ciclo menstrual podem influenciar as tensões musculares e possivelmente alterar a força oclusal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se os níveis hormonais afetam a força máxima oclusal (FMO) de mulheres saudáveis durante as diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual. Sessenta pacientes completamente dentadas que não usavam contraceptivos orais foram selecionadas para participar neste estudo. FMO foi avaliada bilateralmente na região dos molares, durante 3 ciclos menstruais completos, utilizando sensores de 5,65 mm de espessura. As mensurações foram realizadas durante cada fase do ciclo menstrual: menstrual, folicular e lútea periovulatória, identificadas por teste ovulatório. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA um critério seguido do teste de Tukey-Kramer (p<0,05). As comparações entre as fases do ciclo menstrual não apresentaram diferenças na FMO (p=0,27). Segundo as condições deste estudo, pode-se concluir que as flutuações hormonais durante o ciclo menstrual não afetaram a FMO de mulheres saudáveis.

Perfil de alimentación y nutrición de mujeres en edad fértil de un municipio del centroccidente de venezuela / Feeding and nutrition profile of fertile age women from a west-center township in venezuela

Con el objetivo de identificar el estado nutricional y alimentación de las mujeres de 12 a 45 años del Municipio Jiménez, Estado Lara, Venezuela, se realizó un estudio de prevalencia entre septiembre 2007 y abril 2008. La muestra consistió de 243 mujeres seleccionadas a través de una muestra aleatoria estratificada según sectores rural- urbano, por conglomerados. Cada participante respondió un cuestionario con datos personales y socioeconómicos, se le tomó peso, talla, circunferencia media del brazo, pliegues tricipital y subescapular y se calculó el índice de masa corporal y los indicadores de composición corporal, utilizando referencias internacionales y nacionales. La evaluación dietética consistió en una encuesta de frecuencia de consumo y 2 recordatorios de 24 horas. 46,6% presentaron exceso de peso, más frecuente en mujeres adultas, mientras que el déficit de peso fue de 8,3%, más frecuente en adolescentes (p=0,000) y 44,1% presentó exceso de grasa corporal. Se observó deficiencia importante en la adecuación de consumo de calcio (34,7%), zinc (20,9%), cobre (13,3%), folatos (41,5%), vitaminas B6 (19,8%), vitamina C (62,6%), proteínas (72,0%) y calorías (58,1%). Más del 90% de la muestra consumían diariamente cereales y grasas visibles, con menor frecuencia lácteos (61,7%), carnes y huevos (76,5%), leguminosas (17%), frutas (40,0%), vegetales (14,0%). En la población estudiada coexiste una importante prevalencia de déficit y exceso de peso, así como hábitos alimenticios inadecuados, lo cual amerita programas de intervención para disminuir los riesgos de enfermedades crónicas y mortalidad(AU)

The objective was to study the nutritional status and food habits of women of childbearing age (12 to 45 years) from Municipio Jimenez, Lara State, Venezuela. The sample consisted in 243 women, randomly selected from rural and urban conglomerates of the Municipio. Each woman was requested to fill a questionnaire, with personal and socioeconomic information, between September 2007 and April 2008. Weight, height, mid arm circumferences and skinfolds were obtained. The body mass index and composition indicators were calculated. The nutritional status of the group was classified according to national and international standards. Dietetic evaluation consisted in one food frequency and two food recall questionnaires. Overweight was present in 46.6% of women, being higher in adult women, low weight affected 8.3% being significantly more frequent in adolescents (p=0,000). There were important deficiencies in consumption adequacy of calcium (34.7%), zinc (20.9%), copper (13.3%), folates (41.5%), vitamins B6 (19.8%), C (62.6%), proteins (72.0%) and calories (58.1%). Cereals and edible fats were consumed daily by more than 90% of the sample. Intake of dairy products (61.7%), meats and eggs (76.5%), grains (17.0%), fruits (40.0%), and vegetables (14.0%), was less frequent. In conclusion, the population studied showed the simultaneous co-existence of excess and deficit of weight as well as inadequate food habits, that justify the implementation of intervention programs to diminish mortality and the risk of non-transmissible chronic diseases(AU)

Mortalidade materna no entorno do Distrito Federal / Mother mortality in the greater area of the Distrito Federal

Objetivo. Descrever a situação da mortalidade materna nos municípios do Entorno do Distrito Federal no período de 2001 a 2005. Método. É um estudo descritivo, ecológico exploratório, baseado em dados secundários obtidos no Datasus e nos Comitês de Mortalidade Materna de Goiás e Distrito Federal. Resultados. Encontrou-se aumento da razão de mortalidade materna de 2001 a 2004, seguida de diminuição em 2005. Foram 67,3% dos óbitos maternos decorrentes de causas obstétricas diretas, prevalecendo em mulheres com menos de oito anos de estudo e em não brancas. Observou-se que a razão de mortalidade materna foi mais de 3,5 vezes superior na faixa de 40 a 49 anos do que nas outras faixas etárias. Conclusão. A mortalidade materna continua um importante problema de saúde pública no Entorno do Distrito Federal, e necessita enfrentamento específico em algumas condições sociais.

Objective. To describe the situation of maternal mortality in the Distrito Federal and its vicinity from 2001 through 2005. Method. This is a descriptive, ecological exploratory study based on secondary data obtained at Datasus and the Committees of Maternal Mortality of Goiás and Distrito Federal. Results. An increase of maternal mortality ratio was found from 2001 through 2004, followed by a decrease in 2005. Among maternal casualties, 67, 3% were due to direct obstetric causes, with emphasis in women with less tha neight years of study and non-white. It was observed that the mortality ratio was over 3.5 times higher in the group ranging from 40 through 49 years of age than in other age groups. Conclusion. Maternal mortality remains a major public health problem in the greater area of the Distrito Federal, requiring attention when dealing with some specific social conditions.

Violencia psicológica y disfunción sexual de la mujer, Hospital Loayza-2009 / Psychological violence and sexual dysfunction of the woman, Hospital Loayza-2009

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la violencia psicológica por parte de la pareja y la disfunción sexual de origen no orgánico de la mujer en edad fértil, que asiste a la consulta externa del Hospital Arzobispo Loayza-2009. Metodología: Estudio observacional, analítico, de casos y controles, de dos grupos seleccionados bajo diagnóstico, a cuyas poblaciones se les aplicó el cuestionario de Tamizaje de violencia psicológica (estandarizado en el Hospital Arzobispo Loayza y MINDES) y cuestionario de Disfunción Sexual de origen no orgánico. Resultados: Se estudiaron 91 mujeres con disfunción sexual (casos) y 91 sin disfunción sexual (Controles), donde la edad promedio de los casos y los controles fue de 31 ± 9 años. El análisis bivariado demostró asociación significativa (p<0,05) de la violencia psicológica, nivel educativo (secundaria y superior), estado civil y el tiempo de vivir en pareja. Al aplicar el análisis multivariado a los factores significativos con el modelo de regresión logística, fueron confirmado los factores de riesgo: violencia psicológica (OR=9.64: lC 95 por ciento: 4.71-19.8), tiempo de vivir en pareja (OR=2.54; lC 95 por ciento: 1.2-5.3) y nivel educativo (OR=1.79; lC 95 por ciento: 0.6-5.6). Conclusiones: La mujer con violencia psicológica de parte de la pareja, tiene mayor posibilidad de presentar Disfunción Sexual de origen no orgánico, se debe prevenir que la violencia psicológica forme parte de la vida de la mujer.

Objective: Analysis of the relationship between psychological violence from the partner and sexual dysfunction of non organic origin the women of childbearing age attending the outpatient department of the Arzobispo Loayza Hospital-2009. Methodology: Observational, analytic study of cases and controls, between two groups selected under diagnostic, to whose populations were applied a questionnaire of psychological violence screening (standardized in Arzobispo Loayza Hospital and MINDES-Ministry of Women and Social Developing) and survey of sexual dysfunction of non organlc origin. Results: 91 women with sexual dysfunction were studied (cases) and 91 without sexual dysfunction (Controls), whose average in age was 31 ± 9 years. Bivariate analysis demonstrated there is a significant association (p<0,05) in psychological violence, higher educational proficiency (secondary and post-secondary), civil status and cohabitation time in couples. Upon applying the multivariate analysis model to the significant factors with logistic regression, only two risk factors were confirmed: Psychological violence (OR=9.64; Cl 95 per cent: 4.71-19.8), cohabitation time (OR=2.54; Cl 95 per cent: 1.2-5.3) and higher educational proficiency (OR=1.79; Cl 95 per cent: 0.6-5.6). Conclusions: Women experiencing psychological violence caused by the partner have higher chances of having sexual dysfunction from non-organic origin; it must be prevented psychological violence to be part of women's life.

A idade como fator prognóstico in vitro / The age as a predictive factor in in vitro fertilization cycles

OBJETIVO: avaliar a idade da paciente como fator indicador de resultados em um programa de fertilização in vitro. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal que incluiu 302 mulheres, com idade variando entre 24 e 46 anos, submetidas ao tratamento com fertilização in vitro (FIV), no período de Maio de 2005 a Julho de 2007. As pacientes foram divididas em três grupos, de acordo com a faixa etária: G≤35 (n=161), G36-39 (n=89) e G≥40 (n=52). Foram avaliados: número de oócitos aspirados, taxas de fertilização, número de embriões transferidos, qualidade embrionária e taxas de gravidez. A análise estatística foi realizada pela análise de variância de Kruskal-Wallis e pelo teste do χ2. RESULTADOS: no Grupo G≤35, obteve-se a média de 8,8 oócitos por paciente; no Grupo G36-39, a média foi de 7,4 oócitos por paciente; e no Grupo G≥40, 1,6 oócitos por paciente. O número de oócitos obtidos no Grupo G≥40 foi significantemente menor que nos Grupos G≤35 e G36-39 (p<0,001). As taxas de fertilização nos três grupos foram semelhantes: 61,4%, 65,8% e 64,6%, respectivamente (p=0,2288). O percentual de embriões de boa qualidade também não foi estatisticamente diferente entre os grupos estudados, encontrando-se, respectivamente, taxas de 57,4%, 63,2% e 56,0% (p=0,2254). O número médio de embriões transferidos em cada grupo foi de 3,1 (G≤35), 2,8 (G36-39) e 1,5 (G≥40), havendo redução estatisticamente significante no Grupo G≥40 (p<0,001). Com relação às taxas de gravidez, o Grupo G≥40 apresentou taxa de 9,6%, resultado significantemente inferior (p=0,0339) aos Grupos G≤35 e G36-39 (26,1 e 27,0%, respectivamente), que não apresentaram diferenças significantes entre si. CONCLUSÕES: embora a qualidade embrionária, do ponto de vista morfológico, não seja diferente entre mulheres de diferentes faixas etárias, o número de oócitos coletados, o número de embriões transferidos e as taxas de gravidez confirmam que a idade da mulher é um importante fator preditivo das taxas de sucesso das técnicas...

PURPOSE: to evaluate the patient’s age as an outcome predictor in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. METHODS: transversal study, which has included 302 women with ages varying from 24 to 46 years old, submitted to IVF, from May 2005 to July 2007. The patients were divided in three groups, according to their age: G≤35 (n=161), G 36-39 (n=89) e G≥40 (n=52). The number of collected oocytes, the fertilization rates, the number of transferred embryos, the embryonary quality and the pregnancy rate were evaluated. Statistical analysis was realized through Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis and χ2 test. RESULTS: in the G≤35 group, an average of 8.8 oocytes by patient was obtained; in the G 36-49 group, 7.4; and in the G≥40 group, 1.6. The number of oocytes obtained in G≥40 group was significantly lower than in the other two groups (p<0.001).The fertilization rate was similar in the three groups, 61.4, 65.8 e 64.6% (p=0.2288), respectively. The percentage of good quality embryos was not statistically different among the three groups either, with rates of 57.4, 63.2 and 56.0% (p=0.2254), respectively. The average number of transferred embryos in each group was 3.1 (G≤35), 2.8 (G 36-39) and 1.5 (G≥40), respectively, with statistically significant decrease in the G≥40 group (p<0.001). Concerning pregnancy rates, the G≥40 group has presented a rate of 9.6%, a result which is significantly lower (p=0.0330) than the one presented by the G≤35 and G 36-39 groups (26.1 e 27.0%, respectively), with no significant difference between themselves. CONCLUSIONS: though the embryonary quality is not different among women from different age groups, the number of collected oocytes, the number of transferred embryos and the pregnancy rate indicate that the women’s age is an important predictive factor of success for the techniques of assisted reproduction and should be taken into consideration when this kind of treatment is proposed to women over 40.