Aspectos tecnológicos e perspectivas de desenvolvimento do cultivo de tilápia no Brasil / Technological aspects and perspectives for the development of tilapia farming in Brazil / Aspectos tecnológicos y perspectivas de desarrollo del cultivo de tilapia en Brasil

O presente estudo analisa a participação da tilápia no desenvolvimento da aquicultura no Brasil, além da situação do cultivo, produção, prospectos, avaliar a evolução da produção e tecnologia. Os resultados demonstram que a tilápia tem oferecido uma valiosa contribuição, notadamente no que diz respeito ao aumento da oferta de alimento proteico de origem animal. Portanto, o consumo de tilápias continuará a crescer mas o aumento da produção doméstica poderá pressionar para baixo os preços, fazendo as tilápias mais competitivas com outros produtos de água doce e marinho. Conclui-se que com adequado investimento, manejo e conservação dos recursos ambientais, a tilapicultura poderá tornar-se uma atividade da maior importância para o crescimento socio-econômico do Brasil. Com tremendo recurso no Brasil para o cultivo de tilápias uma das expectativas é a de que o Brasil produzirá uma significante quantidade de tilápia para a exportação em um futuro próximo e constituir uma importante atividade socio-econômica.(AU)

This study analyses the contribution of tilapia to the development of aquaculture in Brazil and the status of its farming, production, prospects, assessment of domestic farming and technology. The results demonstrate that tilapia is an economically viable activity and that it has a positive contribution to the development of fish farming. Therefore, it can be said that tilapia consumption will continue to grow; however, the increase in domestic production will likely result in downward pressure on prices, making tilapia even more competitive when compared to other freshwater and seafood products. It can be concluded that with adequate investment, management and conservation of environmental resources, tilapia can become a key factor for the socio-economic growth of the Brazil. With the enormous amount of resources in Brazil for tilapia farming, the expectation is that Brazil will be producing significant amounts of tilapia for export in the near future, thus representing a very important socio-economic activity.(AU)

El presente estudio analiza la participación de la tilapia en el desarrollo de la acuicultura en Brasil, además de la situación del cultivo, producción, prospectos, evaluar la evolución de la producción y tecnología. Los resultados demuestran que la tilapia ha ofrecido una valiosa contribución, especialmente en lo que se refiere al aumento de la oferta de alimento proteico de origen animal. Por lo tanto, el consumo de tilapias continuará creciendo, pero el aumento de la producción doméstica podrá presionar hacia abajo los precios, haciendo las tilapias más competitivas con otros productos de agua dulce y marino. Se concluye que con adecuada inversión, manejo y conservación de los recursos ambientales, la tilapicultura podrá convertirse en una actividad de la mayor importancia para el crecimiento socioeconómico de Brasil. Con mayor recurso en Brasil para el cultivo de tilapias, una de las expectativas es que él producirá una significante cantidad de tilapia para la exportación en un futuro próximo y constituirá una importante actividad socioeconómica.(AU)

Fish assemblages in three fringed mangrove bays of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos Marine Reserve / Ensamblaje de peces en tres bahías con bordes de manglar en la Isla Santa Cruz, Reserva Marina de Galápagos

Abstract Mangrove-fringed bays are highly variable ecosystems that provide critical habitats for fish species. In this study we assessed the fish assemblage in three mangrove-fringed bays (Punta Rocafuerte, Saca Calzón and Garrapatero) in the Southeast side of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos Marine Reserve. Using gillnets, we carried out a total of 108 fieldtrips from January 2010 to December 2011. A total of 1 773 bony and 740 cartilaginous fishes belonging to 26 species and 15 families were identified at the same sampling sites. Species richness was higher in the protected bay (Garrapatero) than in those open to fishing (Punta Rocafuerte, Saca Calzón). Blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus, n= 729), Thoburn's mullets (Mugil thoburni, n= 492), Peruvian mojarras (Diapterus peruvianus, n= 440), milkfish (Chanos chanos, n= 206) and the yellow fin mojarras (Gerres cinereus, n= 197) were the most common species across sites and season (cold and warm). The abundance of the most common species varied seasonally, with C. limbatus and C. chanos being more abundant in the warm season (December to April), and M. thoburni, C. limbatus and G. cinereus in the cold season (June to October). Temperature was the most important driver of abundance in C. limbatus and C. chanos, while salinity influenced Umbrina galapagorum. This study represents the first evaluation of the fish assemblage composition and dynamics in mangrove-fringed bays in the Galapagos Marine Reserve. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 674-687. Epub 2018 June 01.

Resumen Las bahías de manglar son ecosistemas muy variables que proveen hábitats críticos para especies de peces. En este estudio se evaluó los ensamblajes de peces de tres bahías de manglar (Punta Rocafuerte, Saca Calzón y Garrapatero) ubicadas en el sureste de la isla Santa Cruz, Reserva Marina de Galápagos. Usando redes de trasmallos iguales a los usados por la pesca artesanal, se llevaron a cabo un total de 108 salidas de campo entre enero 2010 y diciembre 2011. Un total 1 773 peces óseos y 740 peces cartilaginosos correspondiendo a 26 especies y 15 familias fueron capturados, identificados y liberados con vida. La riqueza de especies fue mayor en Garrapatero (sitio protegido) que en Punta Rocafuerte y Saca Cazón (sitios abiertos a la pesca). Las mayores capturas estuvieron representadas por el tiburón punta negra (Carcharhinus limbatus; n= 729), seguido la lisa rabo negro (Mugil thoburni; n= 492), la mojarra peruana (Diapterus peruvianus; n= 440), la diabla (Chanos chanos; n= 206) y la mojarra rayada (Gerres cinereus; n= 197). A pesar que éstas especies fueron consistentemente las más importantes a través de los sitios y temporadas (caliente y fría), se observó una mayor abundancia de C. limbatus y C. chanos durante la temporada caliente (enero a abril), y de M. thoburni, C. limbatus y G. cinereus durante la temporada fría (junio a octubre). La temperatura fue determinada como el factor más importante que influye en la abundancia de C. limbatus y C. Chanos, mientras la salinidad lo fue para Umbrina galapagorum. Este estudio representa una importante contribución para el entendimiento de la composición de los ensamblajes de peces en las bahías de manglar de la Reserva Marina de Galápagos.

Age and growth of the white croaker Micropogonias furnieri (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) in a coastal area of Southeastern Brazilian Bight

Studies on age and growth of fish populations have direct application in fisheries and contribute for policies of conservation. Our aim was update information on the Micropogonias furnieri growth parameters based on sagittae otoliths annulis readings, and we expected that the studied population from Southeast Brazil can reach more longevity than the reported in the available literature. We examined 286 individuals between August-2010 and July-2011 from Ubatuba Bay, SP. The Total Length ranged 200-480 mm. The determined growth parameters were: Males, L∞ =523.4mm, k = 0.05×year-1, t0 = -8.78 year; Females L∞ = 573.5mm, k = 0.06 × year-1, t0 = -7.49 year. The MI and % of edge type evidenced the formation of one ring per year during autumn/winter, coinciding with low temperature and low growth rate. These results differed from those reported for the Vazzoler’s Population I (summer), and we detected higher longevity (45-48 years) as compared with the recorded in the available information.(AU)

Estudos de idade e crescimento de peixes têm aplicação direta na biologia pesqueira e contribuem para medidas de conservação. Nosso objetivo foi atualizar informações sobre parâmetros de crescimento de Micropogonias furnieri utilizando leitura de anéis etários em otólitos sagittae, esperando que a população do Sudeste do Brasil alcance maior longevidade do que o reportado na literatura. Examinamos 286 indivíduos, capturados entre agosto de 2010 e julho de 2011, na Baía de Ubatuba, SP. O comprimento total variou de 200-480 mm. Foram determinados os parâmetros de crescimento: Machos, L∞ = 523,4 mm, k = 0,05 ano-1, t0 = -8,78 ano; Fêmeas, L∞ = 573,5 mm, k = 0,06 ano-1, t0 = -7,49 ano. O IM e a porcentagem do tipo de borda evidenciaram o padrão de formação anual de anéis no outono/inverno, coincidindo com mais baixas temperaturas e crescimento lento. Estes resultados diferem dos reportados para População I de Vazzoler (verão), e nós detectamos longevidade bem superior (45-48 anos) à descrita anteriormente.(AU)

Tiburones y rayas capturados por pesquerías artesanales con línea de fondo en el Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica / Sharks and rays caught by artisanal bottom line in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica

Resumen De mayo 2010 a mayo 2011 se recolectó información referente a 67 faenas pesqueras artesanal con línea de fondo (44.8% observaciones abordo y 55.2% observaciones de descargas en centros de acopio) realizadas en Golfo Dulce, Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica. Durante las 67 faenas de pesca se analizaron en total 609 tiburones pertenecientes a diez especies. De estas, sobresalen S. lewini (más de 51.8% del total de tiburones analizados), M. lunulatus (23.5%), R. longurio, (13.8%) y C. limbatus (8.9%). Otras especies G. cirratum, G. cuvier, N.velox, S. tiburo y H. mexicanus fueron muy esporádicas ya que aportaron cerca del 2.0% del total. La condición de captura, el bajo valor comercial y la disponibilidad de los pescadores, permitió liberar con vida y sin anzuelos un total de 65 tiburones y 111 rayas, de las cuales 75.7% fueron rayas látigo (D. longa), 12.6% rayas gavilana (A. narinari), 5.4% rayas nariz de vaca (R. steindachneri), 5.4% rayas guitarra (R. leucorhynchus), 2.7% rayas de puntos (U. chilenis), 0.9% rayas mariposa (G. marmorata) y 0.9% mobula (Mobula sp.). Los análisis de CPUE en Golfo Dulce revelaron las mayores CPUE de tiburones en julio-agosto, mientras las mayores capturas de rayas se presentaron en enero-febrero.

Abstract Since May 2010 until May 2011 biological and fishery information regarding 67 artisanal fishing operations were collected in different areas of Golfo Dulce. A total of 30 (44.8%) onboard operations and 37 (55.2%) landings were observed. During onboard operations, a total of 872 fish were caught: 345 (39.6%) were sharks (Sphyrnidae, Carcharhinidae, Heterodontidae, Ginglymostomatidae and Triakidae), 228 (26.1%) "bait" fish (Aridae), 112 (13.1%) rays (Dasyatidae, Myliobatidae, Rhinobatidae and Mobulidae) and 111 (12.7%) commercial fish (Lutjanidae, Serranidae Sciaenidae). The capture condition (dead or alive), the low commercial value and the availability of fishermen, allowed us to release 65 sharks and 111 rays, all of them were alive and without hooks. Of these 75.7% were stingrays (D. longa), 12.6% eagle ray (A. narinari), 5.4% cownose rays (R. steindachneri), 5.4% guitar fish (R. leucorhynchus), the spoited ray 2.7% (U. chilenis), 0.9% butterfly ray (G. marmorata), and 0.9% mobula (Mobula sp.). The CPUE rate shows that the sharks and rays contributed more than 50% of the total catch of fishing operations. However, the months when the fishermen caught more sharks, the rays were not abundant. July and August were the months with the highest shark CPUE, while January-February were the months with the highest ray catches. Regarding the 37 landings observations, a total of 264 sharks were analyzed, being the scalloped hammerhead shark the most abundant (S. lewini, n=163), with 61.7%, followed by the common soothhound shark (M. lunulatus, n=48) (18.2%), the blacktip shark (C. limbatus, n=27) (10.2%) the pacific sharpnose shark (R. longurio, n=24) (9.1%), whitenose shark (0.4%) (Nasolamia velox, n=1) and the bonnethead shark (0.4%) (Sphyrna tiburo, n=1). The fusion of biological and fishery data from onboard observations and landings made it possible to analyze a total 609 sharks belonging to ten species. Of these, S. lewini represented more than 51.8% of total sharks analyzed; M. lunulatus, 23.5% R. longurio, 13.8% and C. limbatus, 8.9%. Other species G. cirratum, G. cuvier, N. velox, shovel head shark (S. tiburo) and the horn shark H. mexicanus were very sporadic since they contributed only 2.0% of the total. Analyses of length of S. lewini showed that they are mostly juveniles (74.31±17.4cm). Similar situation was found with individuals of R. longurio, M. lunulatus and C. limbatus whose mean total lengths were of 65.22±14.04cm, 94.08±23.64cm 4.44cm respectively 76.65cm. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (2): 183-198. Epub 2015 June 01.