ABSTRACT
Abstract Fluoride anions are indispensable trace elements required for sustaining life. To investigate the homeostasis and action of fluoride in the body, a new highly sensitive and selective fluorescence detection method was designed for fluoride in aqueous solutions. A fluorescent probe for fluoride (FP-F) was synthesized for imaging F- in living cells. The design strategy for the probe was based on the specific reaction between fluoride and silica to mediate deprotection of this probe to fluorescein. Upon treatment with F-, FP-F, a closed and weakly fluorescent lactone, was transformed into an open and strongly fluorescent product. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit for fluoride was 0.526 nM. FP-F could detect micromolar changes in F- concentrations in living cells by confocal microscopy.
Subject(s)
Fluorescein/pharmacology , Fluorescence , Fluorine/analysis , Trace Elements/adverse effects , Cells/metabolism , Microscopy, Confocal/methods , Diagnosis , Fluorescent Dyes/pharmacology , Homeostasis , MethodsABSTRACT
La fístula de líquido céfalo raquídeo (LCR) implica un quiebre de todas las barreras entre el espacio subaracnoideo y el tracto aéreo digestivo superior. Es una condición seria y fatal. La meningitis bacteriana es la mayor causa de morbilidad y mortalidad asociada a esta condición. Existen múltiples clasificaciones que tratan de sistematizar este problema, algunas de ellas son de escaso valor para el clínico. Existe una evolución en los métodos diagnósticos y terapéuticos en esta patología. Se presenta el marco teórico de la patología, evolución de la técnica quirúrgica, conceptos actuales en la reparación endoscópica de las fístulas de LCR y la experiencia quirúrgica desarrollada por los autores en 24 pacientes tratados en el Hospital Regional de Concepción durante el periodo abril 2001 a agosto 2008.
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) fistulae involves a breakdown of all barriers that separates de subarachnoid space from the upper aero digestive tract. It is a serious and sometimes fatal condition. Meningitis is the mayor cause of morbidity anc mortality. There are many classifications trying to deal witt this issue, some of them with mean less clinical value. There is an evolution in diagnostic and therapeutic methods in this pathology We present the theoretical frame of this pathology, the evolution of the surgical technique, the current concepts in the endoscopic repair of CSF fistulae and the surgical experience developed by the authors in 24 patients treateo at the Hospital regional de Concepcion between April 2001 and August 2008.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Child , Middle Aged , Skull Base/surgery , Endoscopy/methods , Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea/surgery , Skull Base , Chile , Fluorescein/pharmacology , Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea/diagnosisABSTRACT
A liberaçäo transdérmica de muitos fármacos é dificultada pelas características de barreira do estrato córneo. Promotores químicos de absorçäo cutânea säo capazes de interagir com os constituintes do estrato córneo, induzindo aumento temporário e reversível na permeabilidade da pele. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de sistemas monoleína (monoleato de glicerol)/solventes na absorçäo percutânea de um fármaco lipofílico (a progesterona), através do estrato córneo de camundongos sem pelo, bem como o efeito da monoleína nas características estruturais do estrato córneo, por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura...
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Skin Absorption/physiology , Skin Absorption/immunology , In Vitro Techniques , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Progesterone , Skin Physiological Phenomena , Fluorescein/pharmacology , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Microscopy, Confocal , PermeabilityABSTRACT
A técnica original da tonometria de aplanaçäo, descrita por Goldmann e Schmidt, recomenda o uso da fluoresceína no saco conjuntival. A maioria dos oftamologistas faz uso rotineiro da fluoresceína, embora alguns a considere dispensável. Para esclarer essa controvérsia, foi realizado este trabalho, submetendo-se 194 pacientes á tonometria de aplanaçäo com ou sem fluoresceína, para se verificar a diferença entre dois procedimentos.