ABSTRACT
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o tempo de acolhimento e as características dos adolescentes em serviços de acolhimento institucionais na cidade do Recife. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. A população de estudo consistiu de todos os adolescentes acolhidos na cidade do Recife-PE, no período de 2009-2013. As informações foram obtidas a partir da consulta aos Planos de Atendimento Individualizado, sendo analisados ao todo 1.300. As variáveis foram categorizadas e descritas a partir de frequência absoluta e relativa. Para verificar a associação entre variáveis foi aplicado o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson, com grau de significância de 0,05. Foram observados três tipos de serviços: para adolescentes, vítimas de violência e abandono; em situação de risco com e sem uso de drogas; e com necessidades especiais. Foi constatada uma predominância de adolescentes do sexo masculino, mais velhos, com menor frequência escolar, maior uso de substância psicotrópica, envolvimento com medidas socioeducativas, ameaça de morte e maior número de entradas e saídas nos serviços. Conclui-se que os diferentes perfis de serviços de acolhimento devem ser tratados e investigados de forma particular por apresentarem distintas dificuldades para criação de políticas públicas eficientes.
Abstract This study aimed to analyze foster care time and characteristics of adolescents in the institutional foster care services in the city of Recife. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The study population consisted of all adolescents under foster care in the city of Recife-PE, in the period 2009-2013. The information was retrieved by consulting the Individual Assistance Plans (IAP), with 1,300 analyzed plans. Variables were categorized and described from absolute and relative frequency. Pearson's chi-square test was used to verify the association between variables, with a significance level of 0.05. Three types of services were observed: for adolescents who are victims of violence and neglect; at-risk with/without drug use; and with special needs. A predominance of older male adolescents, with lower school attendance, greater use of psychotropic substances, involved with socio-educational measures, suffering death threats and with a higher number of service entries-exits was observed. We can conclude that the different profiles of foster care services should be addressed and investigated in a particular way because they show different difficulties related to the establishment of efficient public policies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Violence/statistics & numerical data , Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Foster Home Care/statistics & numerical data , Child, Foster/statistics & numerical data , Public Policy , Time Factors , Brazil , Sex Factors , Age Factors , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a estrutura e o processo dos acolhimentos institucionais para proteção de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de abandono e/ou violência no Recife. Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado aos responsáveis pelos serviços, e então calculadas as frequências das variáveis e estabelecida a seguinte classificação do grau de implantação: crítico, quando a adequação à norma preconizada for inferior a 40%; inadequado, de 40-59%; aceitável, de 60%- 89%; adequado e ótimo, de 90-100%. Para análise qualitativa foram realizadas entrevistas com um gestor do poder judiciário e três do executivo. Das cinco instituições filantrópicas, duas apresentaram estrutura padrão ótimo, duas, aceitáveis, e uma, inadequada. Dentre as instituições públicas, uma municipal foi considerada inadequada e as demais, aceitáveis. Com relação ao processo, uma instituição apresentou padrão ótimo e as outras, aceitáveis. A análise de conteúdo permitiu observar que os maiores entraves para a realização das medidas previstas pelo Estatuto da Criança e de Adolescente decorrem do uso de drogas, distanciamento geográfico da família, falta de integração com outras instituições e rotatividade dos profissionais.
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the structure and process of institutional foster care services for the protection of children and adolescents who are victims of neglect and/or violence in Recife. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to those responsible for the services. Variables frequency were calculated and the following implementation level classification system adopted: critical, when compliance was less than 40% of the recommended standards; inadequate, 40-59%; acceptable, 60%-89%; adequate and excellent, 90-100%. The qualitative analysis consisted in interviews with one manager from the Judiciary and three managers from the Executive. Of the five philanthropic institutions investigated, two had an excellent standard structure; two were acceptable and one inadequate. Among public institutions, one was considered inadequate and the others acceptable. Regarding the process, one institution was found to be excellent and the others acceptable. The content analysis identified that the greatest challenges to introduction of the measures envisaged in the Child and Adolescent Statute are drug use, family geographical remoteness, lack of integration with other institutions and staff turnover.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Child Abuse/prevention & control , Child Health Services/standards , Adolescent Health Services/standards , Foster Home Care/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Child Health Services/organization & administration , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adolescent Health Services/organization & administration , Foster Home Care/organization & administrationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to describe the investigation and management of outbreaks of acute tuberculosis, varicella zoster virus and scabies in a residential facility for children with HIV/AIDS. METHOD: A review of the results and management for diagnosed cases of acute TB (four between 2001 and 2002) as well as varicella zoster virus (15) and scabies (14) (concurrent in March--June 2003), in a residential facility housing 24 abandoned children with HIV/AIDS was conducted. Outbreak control methods and challenges are described The modified WHO criteria were used for TB diagnosis. The diagnoses of varicella and scabies were entirely clinical. RESULTS: Of the surviving 22 children, 12 (mean age 8 years 2 months) were female, and 10 (mean age 5 years 6 months) were male. Full immunization (primary series) was documented for 16 children, partial in one child, unknown status was documented in five children. One child had received varicella vaccine previously. Eleven (50) children had been receiving antiretroviral triple therapy since 2002 (all in Centers for Diseases Control immunological categories 2-3). Two of the four children with tuberculosis died between 2001 and 2002; these were not on antiretroviral therapy--the 2 survivors are still on antiretroviral therapy. All staff mantoux test results were negative. Fifteen (68) children developed chickenpox as well as three caregivers. The index case was a 13-year-old resident attending a nearby school with HIV negative children. This varicella outbreak went on to affect household members for the caregivers as well as other residential facilities nearby. Scabies affected 14 children (no caregivers); the index cases were most likely three new child residents who entered the institution in 2002 (from other homes) with histories of scabies infestation. Chickenpox and scabies dual infection occurred in seven (31) of residents. No cases of herpes zoster, disseminated varicella infection or death because of varicella occurred Diagnosed cases of chickenpox were treated with oral acyclovir Knowledge about these disease outbreaks and their control was generally lacking. CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in immunization coverage for children and staff as well as educating staff about infectious disease outbreaks, is necessary for effective control. Appropriate screening for infection/disease for all susceptible persons is essential along with timely reporting of outbreaks/reportable diseases. There is need for in