Evolução clínica de pacientes operados por fraturas diafisárias do fêmur em um serviço especializado: um estudo prospectivo / Clinical evolution of the patients treated surgically for femoral shaft fractures in a specialized service: a prospective study

Introdução: As fraturas de diáfise de fêmur estão geralmente associadas a traumas de alta energia. O tratamento adequado dessa condição exige o conhecimento de particularidades anatômicas e funcionais, além de ter um papel importante no prognóstico do paciente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a evolução dos pacientes operados por fratura diafisária de fêmur durante um período de cinco anos em um serviço de referência em ortopedia para trauma. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, onde foram avaliados parâmetros de evolução clínica pós-operatória, como complicações cirúrgicas, transfusão sanguínea, permanência hospitalar e consolidação em relação às condições pré-operatórias e ao tratamento cirúrgico instituído. A técnica cirúrgica fez o uso de haste femoral intramedular bloqueada e os pacientes foram acompanhados até o final do primeiro ano. Resultados: 29 pacientes foram avaliados, sendo o principal mecanismo de trauma o acidente de trânsito (55,1%). Foi evidenciado maior prevalência de consolidação insatisfatória (n=6) e tempo operatório em pacientes que necessitaram transfusão sanguínea transoperatória (n=17). A taxa de consolidação relatada foi de 89,7%, com tempo médio de 151±57. Ao final do acompanhamento, 79,3% dos casos foram considerados. A reintervenção foi necessária em 34,5% dos casos e as principais complicações foram infecção e consolidação insatisfatória. Houve uma morte durante o período de seguimento. Conclusões: Os resultados encontrados com o uso de haste medular bloqueada foram considerados adequados. Transfusão sanguínea e tempo operatório prolongado foram associados a pior prognóstico

Introduction: Fractures of the diaphysis of the femur are usually associated with high energy trauma. Proper treatment of this condition requires knowledge of anatomical and functional features and plays an important role in prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evolution of patients operated for femoral diaphyseal fractures over a period of five years in a referral center for orthopedic trauma. Methods: A prospective study in which we evaluated postoperative clinical parameters such as surgical complications, blood transfusion, hospital stay and consolidation in relation to preoperative conditions and surgical treatment performed. The surgical technique used locked intramedullary femoral nailing and the patients were followed for one year. Results: 29 patients were evaluated, and the primary mechanism of injury was traffic accidents (55.1%). There was evidence of a greater prevalence of poor consolidation (n = 6) and operative time in patients who required transoperative blood transfusion (n = 17). The consolidation rate was 89.7% with mean time of 151 ± 57. At the end of follow-up 79.3% of the cases were considered. Reintervention was required in 34.5% of the cases and the main complications were infection and unsatisfactory consolidation. There was one death during the follow-up period. Conclusions: The results found using locked medullary nailing were considered appropriate. Blood transfusion and longer operative time were associated with poor prognosis

Complicaciones en las fracturas complejas de la meseta tibial y factores asociados / Complications in complex fractures of the tibial plateau and associated factors

Objetivo: identificar factores asociados a complicaciones con el manejo quirúrgico de las fracturas complejas de la meseta tibial. Material y métodos: estudio de casos y controles. Muestra integrada con expedientes de 56 pacientes diagnosticados con fractura compleja de la meseta tibial (tipos IV, V y VI de Schatzker), tiempo de seguimiento promedio de 12.9 ± 3.2 meses (8 a 18), y con uno o más de los siguientes factores de riesgo: edad mayor de 50 años, comorbilidad, tiempo de isquemia mayor de 60 minutos y fractura tipo IV, V o VI. Se consideró caso al paciente que presentara una o más complicaciones. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 50.1 ± 15.7 años (17 a 87); 35 pacientes (62.5 %) pertenecieron al sexo masculino. Los pacientes con o sin complicaciones mostraron homogeneidad respecto a edad, sexo, lado, tipo de fractura y tiempo de seguimiento; 41.1 % presentó antecedentes patológicos. En todos los procedimientos se utilizó torniquete neumático. El tiempo promedio de cirugía fue de 91 ± 27.2 minutos (40 a 175). Los tratamientos empleados fueron placa más tornillos (53.6 %), fijadores externos más tornillos (35.7 %), doble placa y clavo centromedular. 37.5 % desarrolló complicaciones: infección superficial, 16.1 %; deformidades angulares residuales, 10.7 % (varo, 7.1 %); lesión del nervio peroneo, 5.4 %, pseudoartrosis, 3.5 %; trombosis venosa profunda, 1.8 %. Presentó más de una complicación, 22.2 %. Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo asociados significativamente a complicaciones con el manejo de la fractura compleja de la meseta tibial, fueron la edad mayor de 60 años y el tiempo de isquemia transoperatoria mayor de 120 minutos. Los pacientes en estas condiciones presentaron tres veces más riesgo para desarrollar complicaciones.

BACKGROUND: We undertook this study to identify factors associated with surgical complications of complex fractures of the tibial plateau. METHODS: We designed a case-control study with 56 patients with a diagnosis of complex fracture in the tibial plateau (IV-VI Schatzker) and with 12.9 +/- 3.2 (8-18) months of follow-up. Risk factor exposure was defined as having one or more of the following characteristics: age >60 years; co-morbidity (diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension); time of [quot ]Kidde[quot ] (>60, >90, >120 min) and fracture type IV, V or VI. A case was considered with one or more complications. Results: Mean age was 50.1 +/- 15.7 (17-87) years old; 35 patients (62.5%) were males. Homogeneity between groups was shown for age, sex, side effects, type of fracture and time of follow-up; 41.1% of patients had pathological history. All surgeries used pneumatic compression (Kidde) for 91 +/- 27.2 (40-175) min. The implants used were plate plus cancellous screws (53.6%), external fixators plus cancellous screws (35.7%), double plate and intramedullary nail. Complications appeared in 37.5% of all patients. Complications reported were superficial infection (16.1%), residual angular deformities (10.7%, varum [7.1%]), peroneal nerve injury (5.4%), non-union (3.5%) and deep venous thrombosis (1.8%); 22.2% of all patients presented more than one complication. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant risk factors were age >60 years and pneumatic compression >120 min. Patients with one of these characteristics had a three-times risk of complications. No association was demonstrated between type of fracture, surgical treatment, time between injury and the surgery, with development of complications.