Comparison of effects of cholecystokinin and erythromycin on bile chemistry and gallstone formation in aged guinea pigs.

BACKGROUND: There has been considerable interest in gall bladder motility in recent years. We compared the effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) and erythromycin on bile chemistry and gallstone formation in aged guinea pigs. METHODS: Two groups of guinea pigs (1-mo and 3-y old; n=40 each) were studied. Each group was divided into four subgroups of 10 animals each; one subgroup received lithogenic diet, one each received CCK or erythromycin daily in addition to lithogenic diet for 4 weeks, and one received normal diet. After 4 weeks, the presence of gallstones or sludge was recorded and bile composition including concentrations of bile acid, cholesterol, lecithin and protein concentrations was studied. RESULTS: No gallstones were observed in the 1-mo-old animals. In the 3-year-old animals, 9 of 10 guinea pigs on lithogenic diet and 4 of 10 in each treatment subgroup and the normal diet subgroup developed gallstones. CCK and erythromycin had similar effects on bile chemistry and stone formation. CONCLUSIONS: Aging increases the formation of gallstones in guinea pigs. Erythromycin is as effective as CCK in reducing gallstone formation by improving gall bladder motility.

Gallbladder contraction capacity in response to liquid fatty meal: a real time ultrasonographic study.

Gallbladder contraction in response to a liquid fatty meal was studied in a hundred consecutive adult Thai subjects by using an ultrasound machine. None of them had clinical evidence of hepato-biliary and gastric diseases. The gallbladder sizes were detected at the fasting stage and after taking a liquid fatty meal (250 ml of milk) at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes respectively. The gallbladder size was measured by two methods, the surface area (SA) along its longitudinal plane and gallbladder volume (VOL). The percentage of maximal reduction of gallbladder size in each individual was considered as the gallbladder contraction capacity. The average contraction capacity in this group was 57.88% +/- 12.38% by SA or 74.47% +/- 9.96% by VOL. The variation of gallbladder contraction capacity in this population was found to have a normal curve distribution. The maximal contractions were found mostly (69%) at 60 minutes and 93% of subjects had maximal contractions within 90 minutes. There was no difference in gallbladder contraction capacity between males and females and also among different age groups. The tenth percentile of gallbladder contraction capacity was 41.12% by SA or 61.82% by VOL. We propose that these should be considered as the lower limit of normal gallbladder contraction capacity after taking 250 ml of liquid fatty meal. This test was simple, safe and easily measured. This may provide useful basic information for further functional study of gallbladder diseases.