ABSTRACT
Helicobacterpylori, a common infectious bacterium, has been linked to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from 58 northern Thai patients with gastritis, 28 with gastric ulcer, 45 with duodenal ulcer and 4 with gastric cancer. cagA, vacA s1 and iceA gene was found in 88, 98, and 89% of the specimens, respectively. For vacA, the frequency of subtype s1a, s1c and combined sla and s1c was 40, 16, and 41%, respectively. The frequency of subtype s1a/m1 and s1a/s1c/m1 was 27 and 20%, respectively. Fifty-three patients (39%) were infected with multiple vacA genotypes but there was no association with clinical outcome. cagA positive and mixed vacA s1a and s1c strains were found in significantly more cases of duodenal ulcer than gastritis (p < 0.05). For iceA, subtype iceA1 reached a frequency of 60%, whereas subtype iceA2 was only 24%.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/genetics , Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Gastrointestinal Diseases/genetics , Genotype , Helicobacter Infections/genetics , Helicobacter pylori/genetics , Humans , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Factors , Thailand , VirulenceABSTRACT
Fatores genéticos, imunológicos e ambientais estão envolvidos na patogênese de doenças gastrintestinais. Situado no braço curto do cromossomo 6, o sistema HLA se destaca pelo seu polimorfismo e capacidade de conferir susceptibilidade ou resistência a vários distúrbios imunomediados. De acordo com a patologia e, algumas vezes, com o grupo étnico-racial estudado, existem variações na associação HLA x doença. Acredita-se que moléculas de histocompatibilidade possam influenciar na idade de surgimento, resposta ao tratamento e no curso clínico de algumas enfermidades. O surgimento de novos métodos para tipificação dos alelos HLA assim como as mudanças em sua nomenclatura têm permitido um melhor entendimento desse sistema. Infelizmente, esse conhecimento não tem sido adequadamente veiculado na literatura clínica. Esta revisão tem porobjetivo abordar a estrutura e função do sistema HLA, seus métodos de detecção, nomenclatura e associação com doença celíaca, doença de Crohn, hepatite autoimune, pancreatite auto-imune e úlceras orais recorrentes.
Los factores genéticos, inmunológicos y ambientales están envueltos en la patogénesis de las enfermedades gastrointestinales. Situado en el brazo corto del cromosoma 6, el sistema HLA se destaca por su polimorfismo y capacidad de conferir susceptibilidad o resistencia a varios disturbios inmunomediados. De acuerdo con la patología y algunas veces con el grupo étnico-racial estudiado, existen variaciones en la asociación HLA yenfermedades. El surgimiento de nuevos métodos para tipificación de los alelos así como los cambios en su Nomenclatura ha permitido un mejor entendimiento de este sistema. Infelizmente, ese conocimiento no ha sido adecuadamente vehiculazado en la literatura clínica. Esta revisión tiene por objeto abordar la estructura y función del sistema HLA, sus métodos de detección, nomenclatura y asociación con la enfermedad celíaca, enfermedad de Crohn, hepatitis auto-inmune, pancreatitis auto-inmune y úlceras orales-recurrentes.
Genetic, immunological and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal diseases. Situated on the short arm of the chromosome 6, the HLA system is very polymorphic and has the capacity to confer susceptibility or resistance to different diseases. The relationship HLA vs. disease differs with the disease and, sometimes, with the ethnic-racial group studied. Histocompatibility molecules could determine the age of onset, the treatment response and the clinical course for some diseases. The recent discovery of new methods to typify HLA alleles and the changes in its nomenclature has contributed to a better understanding of this system. Nevertheless, has not thoroughly widespread. The aim of this review is to discuss the HLA structure and function, methods of detection, nomenclature and its association with celiac disease, Crohns disease, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis and oral recurrent ulcers.