Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 32
Filter
1.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 41: e45720, 20190000. ilus, map, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460856

ABSTRACT

Melanoides tuberculata has invaded several aquatic ecosystems in the Neotropical region. This species shows high adaptive capacity and plasticity, establishing itself in several basins, promoting negative impacts on environments and native species. Here, we determine the growth parameters and the population structure of this species, in a semi-arid environment, in Northeast Brazil (Pernambuco state). Monthly captures were conducted at three types of substrate: site 1: soft bottom with macrophytes, site 2: soft bottom without macrophytes, and site 3: gravel and rocks. Shells were classified as occupied or empty, and their shell length (SL) and opening width (SW) were measured. The growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy’s model were estimated from the size-length frequency distribution using the ELEFAN I. Also, the maturity was verified, through the size at onset of maturity (SOM - 14.85 mm SL) proposed in the literature. A total of 1,013 individuals were collected, with shells varying from 7 to 39 mm SL and mean density of 84.42 (± 3.86) individuals m-2. The substrate with the largest number of mollusks was the site 1. Largest amount of empty shells was detected at site 3. Growth of M. tuberculata indicates rapid increment, with k = 0.56, L∞ = 42 mm and t0 = -0.26 years. The mean estimated age for the species was 0.95 years. According to the SOM, 86% of individuals sampled were considered mature.


Subject(s)
Animals , Gastropoda/anatomy & histology , Gastropoda/classification , Gastropoda/growth & development , Population Dynamics
2.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 67(2): 0-0, mayo.-ago. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-769451

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el reconocimiento de las especies de moluscos hospederos intermediarios es fundamental en el control de enfermedades transmitidas por estas especies. Los estudios morfológicos permiten identificar especies diferentes de una forma sencilla y asequible que en ocasiones no necesitan el uso de técnicas moleculares avanzadas. Objetivo: presentar una clave de identificación de moluscos fluviales gastrópodos de Cuba ilustrada y comentada sobre el papel de cada especie en la transmisión de enfermedades. Métodos: se confeccionó una clave de tipo dicotómica dividida en las tres subclases de moluscos gastrópodos existentes en Cuba. Se utilizaron los especímenes localizados en la colección de referencia del Laboratorio de Malacología del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí. La base de datos de la colección cuenta con 1147 registros de especies distribuidos en 676 localidades. Se utilizaron hasta 30 ejemplares por población siempre que fue posible. Resultados: la clave agrupa 36 especies de moluscos gastrópodos fluviales distribuidas en diez familias. La descripción de cada especie se basa fundamentalmente en características morfológicas y anatómicas y se tiene en cuenta las variaciones de coloración y ornamentación de las conchas. Conclusiones: aunque la identificación de una especie pueda realizarse por medio de caracteres taxonómicos limitados a varias características de la concha o partes de la anatomía de estos moluscos, se recomienda siempre un estudio detallado de su ecología (patrones de distribución y relaciones interespecíficas)(AU)


Introduction: The recognition of intermediary host snails is capital to control snail-borne diseases. Morphological studies allow the identification of species in a simple and accessible way which may not require the use of advanced molecular techniques. Since specialized readings regarding medical malacology are not broadly available in Cuba, the confection of an easy-to-use and practical key to these species would be of huge utility to manage and control snail populations. Objective: to present an illustrated and annotated key to the freshwater gastropod snails of Cuba and their role in the transmission of parasitic diseases. Methods: a dichotomous key divided into the three subclasses of gastropods snails occurring in Cuba was made. Specimens from the Collection of the Laboratory of Malacology at the Institute of Tropical Medicine were used. The database contains 1147 registries of species from 676 localities in Cuba. Up to 30 individuals from each populations were used whenever possible. Results: the key gathers 36 species of freshwater gastropods belonging to ten families. The description of each species is based on morphological and anatomical features. Color variations and different ornaments patters in the shell are considered. Conclusions: Although the identification of a species may be relied on taxonomical characters limited to several shell and anatomy features, it is strongly recommended a detailed study of its ecology (distribution patterns and interspecific relations)(AU)


Subject(s)
Tropical Medicine/methods , Gastropoda/classification , Mollusca/classification , Mollusca/pathogenicity , Ecology , Fresh Water
3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 62(4): 1343-1352, oct.-dic. 2014. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-753694

ABSTRACT

The queen conch Strombus gigas represents one of the most important fishery resources of the Caribbean but heavy fishing pressure has led to the depletion of stocks throughout the region, causing the inclusion of this species into CITES Appendix II and IUCN’s Red-List. In Mexico, the queen conch is managed through a minimum fishing size of 200mm shell length and a fishing quota which usually represents 50% of the adult biomass. The objectives of this study were to determine the intrinsic population growth rate of the queen conch population of Xel-Ha, Quintana Roo, Mexico, and to assess the effects of a regulated fishing impact, simulating the extraction of 50% adult biomass on the population density. We used three different minimum size criteria to demonstrate the effects of minimum catch size on the population density and discuss biological implications. Demographic data was obtained through capture-mark-recapture sampling, collecting all animals encountered during three hours, by three divers, at four different sampling sites of the Xel-Ha inlet. The conch population was sampled each month between 2005 and 2006, and bimonthly between 2006 and 2011, tagging a total of 8 292 animals. Shell length and lip thickness were determined for each individual. The average shell length for conch with formed lip in Xel-Ha was 209.39±14.18mm and the median 210mm. Half of the sampled conch with lip ranged between 200mm and 219mm shell length. Assuming that the presence of the lip is an indicator for sexual maturity, it can be concluded that many animals may form their lip at greater shell lengths than 200mm and ought to be considered immature. Estimation of relative adult abundance and densities varied greatly depending on the criteria employed for adult classification. When using a minimum fishing size of 200mm shell length, between 26.2% and up to 54.8% of the population qualified as adults, which represented a simulated fishing impact of almost one third of the population. When conch extraction was simulated using a classification criteria based on lip thickness, it had a much smaller impact on the population density. We concluded that the best management strategy for S. gigas is a minimum fishing size based on a lip thickness, since it has lower impact on the population density, and given that selective fishing pressure based on size may lead to the appearance of small adult individuals with reduced fecundity. Furthermore, based on the reproductive biology and the results of the simulated fishing, we suggest a minimum lip thickness of ≥15mm, which ensures the protection of reproductive stages, reduces the risk of overfishing, leading to non-viable density reduction. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (4): 1343-1352. Epub 2014 December 01.


El caracol rosa Strombus gigas representa una de las especies de mayor importancia pesquera en el Caribe, pero la creciente presión pesquera ha llevado al deterioro de las poblaciones en toda la región, llevando a la inclusión de esta especie en el apéndice II de CITES y la lista roja de UICN. En México, el caracol rosa se maneja con una talla mínima de pesca de 200mm longitud de heliconcha y una cuota pesquera que generalmente representa el 50% de la biomasa adulta. Este estudio tuvo como objetivos determinar la tasa intrínseca de crecimiento poblacional del caracol rosa en Xel-Ha, Quintana Roo, México, y evaluar el efecto de un esfuerzo pesquero regulado, simulando la extracción del 50% de la biomasa adulta. Utilizamos tres diferentes criterios de talla mínima para la pesca, para evaluar el efecto de ésta sobre la densidad de la población y discutimos las implicaciones bilógicas asociadas. Los datos demográficos se obtuvieron mediante un muestreo de marcaje-recaptura, recolectando todos los animales presentes, durante tres horas, con tres buzos, en cuatro sitios diferentes de la caleta. En 2005 los muestreos fueron mensuales, y de 2006 a 2011 bimensuales, marcándose un total de 8 292 caracoles. Se obtuvo la longitud de heliconcha y grosor de labio de cada individuo. La talla media de caracoles con labio formado fue de 209.39±14.18mm y la mediana de 210mm. La mitad de los caracoles con un labio formado presentaban tallas de 200mm a 219mm longitud de heliconcha. Suponiendo que la presencia del labio es un indicador de madurez sexual, se puede concluir que muchos animales alcanzan la madurez sexual a tallas mayores de 200mm longitud de heliconcha y deberían ser considerados inmaduros. La estimación de la abundancia relativa y densidad de adultos varía ampliamente según el criterio de clasificación utilizado. Cuando se aplicó una talla mínima de 200mm longitud, el 26.2% a 54.8% de la población calificó como adulta, correspondiendo a un impacto pesquero simulado de casi un tercio de la población. El impacto fue menor simulando la extracción de adultos, utilizando un criterio de clasificación basado en grosor de labio. Se concluyó que la mejor estrategia de manejo para S. gigas es una talla mínima basada en el grosor de labio, ya que esta medida reduce el impacto sobre la densidad poblacional, y por el otro lado disminuye la presión selectiva sobre la talla, lo cual conduce a la aparición de individuos pequeños con fecundidad inferior. Más allá, basado en la biología reproductiva y los resultados de las simulaciones, recomendamos un grosor de labio mínimo de ≥15mm para la pesca, ya que esta medida asegura la protección de las etapas reproductivas y reduce el riesgo de sobrepesca, el cual llevaría a reducciones no viables de la densidad poblacional.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Biomass , Conservation of Natural Resources , Gastropoda/anatomy & histology , Sexual Maturation/physiology , Body Size , Gastropoda/classification , Gastropoda/growth & development , Mexico , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Seasons
4.
Rev. biol. trop ; 62(2): 551-565, Jun.-Aug. 2014. graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-715452

ABSTRACT

The Rhizophora mangle roots form a complex ecosystem where a wide range of organisms are permanently established, reproduce, and find refuge. In this study, we assessed the diversity of bivalves and gastropods that inhabit red mangrove roots, in isla Larga, Mochima, Venezuela Sucre state. Bimonthly collections were made from January 2007 to May 2008, in four study areas denominated: South, North, East and West. In each area, five mangrove roots were sampled, and the specimens were obtained. We analyzed a total of 180 roots and a total of 35 bivalve species and 25 gastropod species were found. The most abundant bivalves were: Isognomon alatus, Isognomon bicolor, Ostrea equestris, Crassostrea rhizophorae and Brachidontes exustus; among gastropods, the most common where: Littorina angulifera, Cymatium pileare and Diodora cayenensis. The months with the highest abundances and number of individuals for both groups were January and July 2007, and March 2008. The mangrove ecosystem in isla Larga, presented a number of individuals and species higher than those reported for other regions in Venezuela and the Caribbean. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (2): 551-565. Epub 2014 June 01.


Las raíces del mangle rojo forman un complejo ecosistema donde se reproducen, refugian y establecen de manera permanente una gran diversidad de organismos. En este estudio, se evaluó la diversidad de bivalvos y gasterópodos que habitan las raíces del mangle rojo Rhizophora mangle, en isla Larga, Bahía de Mochima, estado Sucre Venezuela. Se realizaron recolectas bimensuales desde enero 2007 hasta mayo 2008, en cuatro zonas de estudio denominadas: zona sur, norte, este y oeste. En cada zona se muestrearon cinco raíces de mangle, de donde se obtuvieron los especímenes. Se analizaron un total 180 raíces y se contabilizaron 35 especies de bivalvos y 25 de gasterópodos. Los bivalvos más abundantes fueron: Isognomon alatus, Isognomon bicolor, Ostrea equestris, Crassostrea rhizophorae y Brachidontes exustus, mientras que los gasterópodos más frecuentes: Littorina angulifera, Cymatium pileare y Diodora cayenensis. Los meses donde se observaron las mayores abundancias de especies y número de individuos fueron enero y julio 2007 y marzo 2008. El ecosistema de manglar en isla Larga, presentó un número de individuos y especies superior al reportado en otros trabajos realizados en Venezuela y otras regiones del Caribe.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bivalvia/classification , Ecosystem , Gastropoda/classification , Rhizophoraceae , Biodiversity , Plant Roots , Population Density , Rhizophoraceae/classification , Seasons , Venezuela
5.
Rev. biol. trop ; 62(supl.2): 53-68, abr. 2014. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-753756

ABSTRACT

Phenotypic variability of the shell in Neritinidae (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha) in Puerto Rican rivers. Gastropods of the Neritinidae family exhibit an amphidromous life cycle and an impressive variability in shell coloration in Puerto Rican streams and rivers. Various nominal species have been described, but Neritina virginea [Linné 1758], N. punctulata [Lamarck 1816] and N. reclivata [Say 1822] are the only broadly reported. However, recent studies have shown that these three species are sympatric at the river scale and that species determination might be difficult due to the presence of intermediate color morphs. Individuals (8 751) were collected from ten rivers across Puerto Rico, and from various segments and habitats in Mameyes River (the most pristine island-wide) during three years (2000-2003), and they were assigned to one of seven phenotypes corresponding to nominal species and morphs (non-nominal species). The “axial lines and dots” morph corresponding to N. reclivata was the most frequent island-wide, while the patelliform N. punctulata was scant, but the only found in headwater reaches. The “yellowish large tongues” phenotype, typical of N. virginea s.s. was the most frequent in the river mouth. The frequency of secondary phenotypes varied broadly among rivers, along the rivers, and among habitats, seemly influenced by salinity and predation gradients. The occurrence of individuals with coloration shifts after predation injuries, suggests phenotypic plasticity in the three nominal species, and urges for the use of molecular markers to unravel the possible occurrence of a species complex, and to understand the genetic basis of polymorphism. The longitudinal distribution of individual sizes, population density and egg capsules suggested the adaptive value of upstream migration, possibly to avoid marine predators. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 2): 53-68. Epub 2014 April 01.


Los gasterópodos Neritinidae de Puerto Rico presentan un ciclo de vida anfídromo y exhiben polimorfismo en los patrones de coloración de la concha. Se identificó que la oviposición aumenta río arriba conforme los individuos alcanzan mayores tamaños, a pesar de que la densidad poblacional disminuye. La frecuencia de siete fenotipos previamente establecidos se analizó en diez ríos de la isla durante dos años (n=8 751 individuos). Debido a que el río Mameyes es el más conservado, se tomó como modelo para estudiar la variación a lo largo del río y entre hábitats durante tres años. El fenotipo de líneas axiales y puntos (N. virginea) fue el predominante en toda la isla y el fenotipo pateloide (N. punctulata) fue el menos frecuente. Se observaron diferencias significativas de las frecuencias de los fenotipos (principalmente en los secundarios) entre ríos, a lo largo de ellos y entre hábitats. Esta variabilidad espacial puede responder a gradientes de salinidad y depredación. Se observó plasticidad fenotípica en algunos individuos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Animal Migration/physiology , Ecosystem , Gastropoda/genetics , Oviposition/physiology , Polymorphism, Genetic , Gastropoda/anatomy & histology , Gastropoda/classification , Gastropoda/physiology , Oviposition/genetics , Phenotype , Population Density , Puerto Rico , Rivers
6.
Rev. biol. trop ; 62(1): 59-72, ene.-mar. 2014. graf, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-715414

ABSTRACT

The queen conch, Strombus gigas, is a gastropod of commercial importance in the Caribbean. Population studies are based on size frequency analysis, using either length or weight parameters for the whole live organism. This contribution used mark-recapture data to estimate the von Bertalanffy equation parameters and population number variation within a non harvest population from a protected area, to clarify the biometric parameters that better suit for the whole population, or for the juvenile and adult fractions. Conchs from Xel- Ha Park were monthly sampled from November 2001 to August 2005. Every conch found was measured and marked with a numbered tag that identified month and locality; and monthly abundance was estimated with Jolly’s method. Length, lip thickness and weight increments were used to estimate the von Bertalanffy growth equation parameters with Appeldoorn’s subroutine of FISAT program. The population number varied through the study, with a minimum of 49 in April 2003 and maximum of 9 848 during June 2005. Conchs make only temporary use of Xel-Ha cove. Shell length gave the best fit for the juvenile fraction: L∞=251, K=0.3, C=0.8 Wp=0.3; and lip thickness for adults: L∞=47.78, K=0.17, C=0.1, Wp=0.86, while, the whole population was bet- ter represented by weight: L∞=3850, K=0.36, C=0.8, Wp=0.3. A maximum age of 19 years was estimated from the population. Natural mortality was 0.49/year for juveniles and 0.29/year for adults. There were two pulses of recruitment: fall-winter and summer. It is concluded that population studies from length frequency data, should be analyzed independently in two groups, shell for the juvenile fraction and lip thickness for the adult fraction, or if it is not possible to analyze the population fractions separately, weight should be used to avoid miss calculation of the age structure.


El caracol reina, Strombus gigas, es un gasterópodo de importancia comercial en el Caribe. Los estudios poblacionales se basan en el análisis de las fluctuaciones de las frecuencias de tallas, usando ya sea la longitud de la concha o el peso total de los organismos vivos. Este aporte usa datos de marcaje recaptura para estimar los parámetros de la ecuación de von Bertalanffy y variaciones en el número de la población, para una población sin captura dentro de un área protegida, para aclarar que parámetros se adaptan mejor para estudios de la población entera o para las fracciones de juveniles y adultos por separado. Se muestrearon mensualmente, caracoles del parque Xel-Ha, de Noviembre 2001 a Agosto 2005. Todas las conchas encontradas se se midieron y marcaron con una etiqueta numerada que identificó la fecha de muestréo y la localidad. Las variaciones en abundancia mensual se estimó con el método de Jolly. Se emplearon la longitud de la concha, el grosor de labio y el peso vivo de los animales para determinar los parámeros de la ecuación de crecimiento de von Bertalanffy, usando la subrutina de Appeldoorn del programa FISAT. La población varía a lo largo del estudio, con un mínimo de 49 organismos en abril 2003 y un máximo de 9 848 durante junio 2005. Los caracoles solo hacen uso temporal de la caleta de Xel-Ha. El mejor ajuste para juveniles se obtuvo con la longitud de la concha: L∞=251, K=0.3, C=0.8 Wp=0.3: mientras que para adultos se obtuvo con el grosor del labio: L∞=47.78, K=0.17, C=0.1, Wp=0.86; y la población total se ve mejor representada por el peso: L∞=3850, K=0.36, C=0.8, Wp=0.3. Se estimó una edad máxima para el total de la población de 19 años. Con mortalidad natural de 0.49 año-1 para juveniles y 0.29 año-1 para adultos. Hubieron dos pulsos de reclutamiento: otoño-invierno y verano. Se concluye que los estudios poblacionales realizados a partir de estructura de tallas, deben de analizar por separado dos grupos o fracciones de la población, usando el peso para juveniles y grosor del labio para adultos, de no ser posible analizar la población por separado, debe de emplearse el peso para evitar una subestimación en la estructura de edad.


Subject(s)
Animals , Gastropoda/classification , Conservation of Natural Resources , Gastropoda/anatomy & histology , Gastropoda/growth & development , Mexico , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Seasons
7.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 47(1): 79-85, Jan-Feb/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703162

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The Baixada Maranhense Microregion currently has the highest prevalence of schistosomiasis in the State of Maranhão, likely because this parasitosis is characterized as an occupational disease, and increased contact with water increases the risk of infection by Schistosoma mansoni. This paper reports the results of the first comprehensive freshwater malacological survey performed in the Baixada Maranhense Microregion. Methods: Freshwater mollusks were collected from the twenty-one municipalities of the Baixada Maranhense Microregion and from Bacurituba and Cajapió and were evaluated for infection by trematodes. Results: A total of 9,129 mollusks were collected (sixteen species), which included the first records of six species in the State of Maranhão: Gundlachia radiata, G. ticaga, Hebetancylus moricandi, Plesiophysa guadeloupensis, Pomacea bridgesii diffusa and Omalonyx sp. Biomphalaria glabrata was found in five municipalities, whereas B. straminea was found in nine. Biomphalaria glabrata and B. straminea were observed in syntopy in Pinheiro and São Bento. Of the 990 specimens of B. glabrata and the 2,109 specimens of B. straminea that were exposed to and/or analyzed for the presence of larval trematodes, only a single specimen of B. glabrata (0.1%) from São Bento shed S. mansoni. Other larval trematodes were first observed in mollusks from the State of Maranhão. Conclusions: These results indicate that the study area is epidemiologically important due to the presence of two natural vectors of schistosomiasis and the active transmission of schistosomiasis, which was confirmed in the infected specimen that was collected in this study. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Disease Vectors/classification , Gastropoda/classification , Brazil , Fresh Water , Gastropoda/parasitology , Population Density , Qualitative Research , Schistosomiasis/transmission
8.
Rev. biol. trop ; 61(4): 1657-1669, oct.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-703920

ABSTRACT

The pink conch Eustrombus gigas is an important fisheries resource. At the regional level in the Caribbean, over-exploitation and habitat destruction have caused a decrease in the abundance of this resource. In order to provide necessary information for the species management in Mexico, this work aimed to analyze the total density, adult density, size structure and reproductive behavior of pink conch population at Banco Chinchorro during 2009-2010. Data from three seasons were obtained (rainy, dry and cold fronts periods) in three areas: Norte (North), Centro (Center) and Sur (South). The organisms were separated into two groups: (a) the criteria based upon legal harvest in Mexico: legal size conchs (siphonal length≥200mm) and illegal size conchs (siphonal length<200mm), and (b) the criteria based upon sexual maturity using the 15mm lip thickness standard: lip<15mm as juvenile conch and lip≥15mm as adult conch. Copulation, spawning, egg masses and aggregations were evaluated as reproductive evidences. The highest total density was observed during the dry season with 384ind./ha, and the lowest during the rainy season with 127ind./ha. The highest density was reported at Sur (385ind./ha) and the lowest at Norte (198ind./ha). The highest adult density was observed during the rainy season (8.33ind./ha), and the lowest occurred in the dry season (6.11ind./ha). Adult density values were 5.55, 7.05 and 8.33ind./ha for Centro, Sur and Norte areas, respectively. Adult densities were lower than the threshold needed for reproduction, and 42% of the population may be vulnerable to fishing, as they had the minimum size for catch (Lsi 200mm). Furthermore, only 2.2% of the population reached a Gl>15mm as sexual maturity indicator. During the study period, only six evidences of reproductive activity were observed. The smaller densities reported at Banco Chinchorro may cause reproduction events to be almost absent which in turn is sufficient ...


Eustrombus gigas es uno de los recursos pesqueros costeros más valiosos en la región del Caribe y constituye un molusco con un elevado valor estético y ecológico. En esta investigación se evalúa su densidad total, densidad de adultos, la estructura de tallas y frecuencia de evidencias reproductivas en Banco Chinchorro, México, periodo 2009-2010; durante tres períodos (de lluvias, seca y de frentes fríos) en tres zonas: Norte, Centro y Sur. La densidad total para el área de estudio varió de 127ind./ha en lluvias a 384ind./ha en seca, la menor densidad se presentó en la zona Norte del Banco (198ind./ha) y la mayor en la zona Sur (385ind./ha). La densidad de caracoles adultos fue baja (6.11ind./ha en seca y 8.33ind./ha en lluvias y 5.55, 7.05 y 8.33ind./ha para las zonas Centro, Sur y Norte, respectivamente). Las densidades de adultos estuvieron por debajo del umbral mínimo necesario para mantener la reproducción. El 42% de la población es vulnerable a la pesca (Lsi≥200mm); sin embargo, solo 2.2% de la población alcanza un Gl>15mm. Solo se observaron seis evidencias de reproducción durante el período de estudio, lo que señala la presencia del efecto Allee en la población y la urgente necesidad del cierre de su pesquería. Se proponen tres puntos importantes para el manejo de la especie: cierre de la pesca, monitoreo de la población y la implementación refugios pesqueros.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Gastropoda/anatomy & histology , Gastropoda/physiology , Body Size , Gastropoda/classification , Mexico , Population Density , Reproduction/physiology , Seasons
9.
Rev. biol. trop ; 61(4): 1671-1679, oct.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703921

ABSTRACT

Queen conch is a gastropod inhabiting the Caribbean Sea, it represents the second largest fishery after the spiny lobster, but it has been extensively captured in the area. In order to know its population status in Chinchorro Bank, we determined conch density changes and its effects on reproductive activities, between July and November 2009. For this, data on conch density, morphology and reproductive activities were obtained from 15 sites within three fishing zones, and compared with previously collected data (1990, 1992, 1994, and 1997). Data showed that adult density decreased with time, from 10 700ind./ha in 1990, to 198ind./h in 2009. Neither egg masses nor spawns were found and mating was only observed once in July 2009. In July, adult (lip>4mm) density in the Southern zone was 23ind./ha whereas in the Northern zone and Central zone densities were 15 and 9ind./ha respectively. In November, density was somewhat higher: Southern zone 96ind./ha; Central zone 39ind./ha and Northern zone had 38ind./ha. In July, mean shell length was 170.80±46.28mm, with a higher median abundance at 180-189mm. In November, higher frequency was 187.63±45.14mm, maximum at 210-219mm interval. For the last 10 years period, mean adult conch densities have diminished in each zone, which might be the main cause of decreased reproductive activities of the conch at Banco Chinchorro. It is therefore an immediate need to analyse the management plan for this species in this Reserve and perhaps to promote a re-population of queen conch and culture activities. Rev. Biol. Trop. 61 (4): 1671-1679. Epub 2013 December 01.


El caracol Rosado es un gasterópodo que habita en el Caribe, y representa la segunda pesquería después de la langosta espinosa, sin embargo, el caracol ha sido pescado a niveles de casi extinción. Para conocer el estatus de la población se analizaron los cambios de densidad del caracol rosado en Banco Chinchorro y su efecto en las actividades reproductivas entre julio y noviembre 2009. Se recolectaron datos de densidad y morfología en tres zonas de pesca en 15 localidades; y se compararon con datos recolectados previamente en los mismos sitios (1990, 1992, 1994, y 1997). Los datos mostraron que la densidad de adultos ha decrecido con el tiempo de 10 700 (ind./ha) en 1990 a 198 (ind./ha). Las actividades reproductivas o productos se registraron, no se encontraron ni masas de huevo ni desoves, y únicamente se observó una copulación en julio. Considerando únicamente a los adultos (labio>4mm), en julio 2009, la densidad fue de 23ind./ha, mientras que en la zona norte y centro las densidades fueron 15 and 9 (ind./ha). En noviembre 2009, la densidad fue ligeramente más alta: zona sur 96 (ind./ha); zona Centro 39 (ind./ha) y zona Norte 38 (ind./ha). En julio (2009) la longitud de concha promedio fue de 170.80±46.28mm, con una mayor abundancia en las tallas 180-189mm. En noviembre (2009) la frecuencia más alta ocurrió en las talla promedio 187.63±45.14mm, con un intervalo de 210-219mm de longitud de concha. En los últimos 10 años, la densidad de los caracoles adultos ha disminuido en cada una de las zonas de pesca, lo cual podría ser la causa de la disminución de las actividades reproductivas del caracol rosado en Banco Chinchorro.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Gastropoda/physiology , Environmental Monitoring , Gastropoda/classification , Mexico , Population Density , Reproduction/physiology , Seasons
10.
Rev. biol. trop ; 61(4): 1759-1768, oct.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-703926

ABSTRACT

The Atlantic Forest represents one of the global priority eco-regions for biodiversity conservation. In Argentina, this is represented by the Paranense Forest, which occupies much of the Misiones Province. In this paper, an updated list of land mollusks from Misiones Province is presented, and its species richness was evaluated comparing protected and unprotected areas. For this, we reviewed La Plata Museum Mollusk Collection, updated the literature review, and developed some field work between 2009 and 2010. For the areographic work, a grid (50x50km) was applied to a Misiones province map. In this region, large areas of native vegetation constituting the Paranaense Forest still persist, and include protected areas such as the Iguazú National Park and Puerto Península Provincial Park. These areas have been the most explored at the malacological level (both terrestrial and aquatic environments), a fact that is consistent with the greater number of records found, which may also be the explanation for the highest number of species recorded in the region. A database containing 497 records was compiled. The number of species occurring in this Province was increased from 28 to 56; 11 of which were exotic species. A total of 38 of the species occurred in protected areas and 53 in unprotected areas; and 25 species were micro-mollusks. Orthalicidae was the family with the highest species number (10) and the widest distribution, occupying 16/20 sampling units. Megalobulimus was the genus found in a greater number of sampling units (14/20). The highest values of specific richness of land gastropods were found in Northern Misiones (R=32). This richness was similar to that previously reported for the Tucumán Province, although species occurring in both provinces were mostly different. The richness in Misiones Province border areas, as the Republic of Paraguay and the state of Santa Catarina (Brazil), was about twice that found in the province. The present study showed the existence of poorly explored areas at malacological level, especially in Central and Eastern Misiones. Data presented here will allow focus future sampling efforts on such areas, so patterns of species distribution can be better defined. Rev. Biol. Trop. 61 (4): 1759-1768. Epub 2013 December 01.


El Bosque Atlántico es una de las eco-regiones prioritarias para la conservación global de la diversidad biológica. En territorio argentino se encuentra representado por la Selva Paranense que ocupa gran parte de la provincia de Misiones. Aquí se presenta una lista actualizada de los moluscos terrestres de la provincia de Misiones, se evalúa su riqueza y se las compara entre áreas protegidas y no protegidas. Se elaboró una base de datos de 497 registros. Se utilizó una grilla de 50x50km sobre el mapa de la provincia de Misiones. Se amplió el número de especies presentes en esta provincia de 28 a 56 (11 exóticas y 25 micromoluscos). En áreas no protegidas se registraron 53 especies y 38 en áreas protegidas. Orthalicidae presentó el mayor número de especies (diez) y la distribución más amplia. Megalobulimus spp. se registró en 14 unidades de muestreo. Los mayores valores de riqueza específica se encontraron en el extremo norte de la provincia (R=32), donde a su vez se registra la mayor cantidad de muestreos. En esta región se mantienen grandes extensiones de vegetación autóctona que conforman la Selva Paranaense y zonas protegidas como el Parque Nacional Iguazú y el Parque Provincial Puerto Península.


Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Gastropoda/classification , Argentina , Conservation of Natural Resources
11.
Rev. biol. trop ; 61(2): 645-655, Jun. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-675457

ABSTRACT

The queen conch Eustrombus gigas is an important fisheries resource in the Caribbean region. In Cuba Island the studies about this resource are very scarce and particularly in the Southeastern regions of the country. With the aim to get important fishery information about this gastropod, adult Queen Conch density and frequency of reproductive activity were evaluated in Cabo Cruz, Cuba, during 2009-2010. Data from three seasons were obtained (rainy, dry and cold fronts periods) from three different areas: Farito, Guafe and Laguna. The highest density was observed in cold fronts season (468.5ind./ha) and the lowest occurred during the dry season (268.5ind./ha). The highest density was reported at Laguna (520.4ind./ha) and the lowest at Farito (290.9ind./ha). In total, 158 reproductive events were observed. The highest frequency was reported in rainy season (36%), followed by dry (9%) and cold fronts (5%) seasons. Reproductive behavior (mating and egg laying) was related to temperature and photoperiod. Reproductive activity was observed during the whole year, which suggests the existence of an important Queen Conch reserve in the Southeastern region of Cuba and an apparently self-sufficient population for recruitment. From our results we may conclude that, the population’s sustainable exploitation is viable if the following management measures are observed: functional zoning within the area, rotation of fishing areas and a closed season. We recommend that the Laguna site should be protected as a reproduction zone and banned for fishing activities.


El Eustrombus gigas es un recurso pesquero importante en la región del Caribe. En Cuba, los estudios acerca de este recurso son muy escasos y en la zona Sur-oriental del país son casi nulos. En este trabajo se evalúa la densidad de adultos y frecuencia de la evidencia reproductiva de Eustrombus gigas Linneus 1758 en Cabo Cruz, Cuba, en el periodo 2009-2010. Se obtuvieron datos de tres períodos (lluvias, seca y frentes fríos) en tres zonas: Farito, Guafe y Laguna. La mayor densidad de adultos se observó en frentes fríos (468.5ind./ha) y la menor en seca (268.5ind./ ha). Por zonas, la mayor densidad de adultos se reportó en Laguna (520.4ind./ha) y la menor en Farito (290.9ind./ha). Se observaron 158 evidencias reproductivas. La mayor frecuencia se reportó en lluvias (36%). La temperatura se relacionó con la frecuencia de desove y cantidad de masas de huevos, y el fotoperiodo con la cantidad de agregaciones y frecuencia de cópula. Se observó actividad reproductiva intensa durante todo el año, lo que sugiere una importante reserva de la especie en la región sur-oriental de Cuba y una aparente autosuficiencia de la población para el reclutamiento. La explotación sostenible de la población es viable y Laguna debe ser protegida como zona de reproducción.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Gastropoda/physiology , Cuba , Gastropoda/classification , Population Density , Reproduction/physiology , Seasons
12.
Rev. biol. trop ; 61(2): 683-700, Jun. 2013. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-675460

ABSTRACT

In the continental Colombian Caribbean the conch resource exploitation and the status of snails populations has been poorly studied, which are reflected in the lack of fisheries management. This study assesses composition, population density and distribution of the gastropods species that make conch resource in La Guajira region. Underwater visual censuses for snails were performed between September-November 2009 in 145 100x4m (400m²) transects, spanning a total area of 56 920m² between Riohacha and Cabo de la Vela. The study was complemented with the evaluation of composition, abundance and size of gastropods conch found in the discarded-by-fishermen shell mounds in 13 beaches. In October 2010 another 40 transects were evaluated (16 000m²) from the Southern of Riohacha to the Camarones village (La Guajira). We found a total of 9 911 snails belonging to 12 species, the most abundant being Strombus pugilis with 8 912 individuals and an average density of 1 538.4±3 662.6 ind./ha , followed by Vasum muricatum with 374 individuals and an average density of 51.8±91.2 ind./ha. Calculating the importance value index (IVI) for both living organisms as the empty shells on beaches, shows that Turbinella angulata is the most used species by artisanal fishermen in the region. Cassis madagascariensis and Cassis tuberosa are also important snail resources in the region (as suggested by the number of empty shells found in beaches), but its densities were low. Strombus gigas, with only three living organisms found in the area, presented the lowest abundance ever found in the Colombian Caribbean (0.52±3.6 ind./ha), showing that queen conch population in La Guajira can- not support commercial exploitation. The abundance of discarded S. gigas shells on beaches suggests resource exploitation in the recent past. Results remarks the urgency of implementing management plans for snail fisheries in the region.


En el Caribe continental colombiano el aprovechamiento del recurso caracol y el estado de sus poblaciones han sido poco estudiados, esto se refleja en la carencia de un ordenamiento pesquero. Se evaluó la composición, densidad poblacional y distribución de las especies que conforman ese recurso en La Guajira. Se realizaron censos visuales entre septiembre y noviembre 2009 en 145 transectos de 100x4m (400m²), abarcando un área de 56 920m² entre Riohacha y el Cabo de la Vela. También se evaluó la composición, abundancia y talla de conchas de gasterópodos en depósitos de conchas vacías en 13 playas. En octubre 2010 se evaluaron 40 transectos más (16 000m²), desde el sur de Riohacha hasta Camarones. Se encontraron 9 911 caracoles de 12 especies, siendo Strombus pugilis el más abundante con 8 912 individuos y densidad de 1 538.4±3 662.6 ind./ha, seguido por Vasum muricatum con 374 individuos y densidad de 51.8±91.2 ind./ha. El índice de valor de importancia (IVI) de caracoles vivos y de conchas en las playas, muestran a Turbinella angulata como la especie más aprovechada por pescadores artesanales. Los resultados denotan la urgencia de realizar planes de manejo pesquero para este recurso en la región.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Ecosystem , Fisheries , Gastropoda/classification , Colombia , Commerce , Gastropoda/anatomy & histology , Population Density
13.
Rev. biol. trop ; 61(1): 15-28, Mar. 2013. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-674059

ABSTRACT

Turbinella angulata and Busycon perversum are two marine gastropods that support the 90% of conch fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico, nevertheless there is no information available to support a management strategy for both species. The aim of this work was to obtain preliminary fishery information to promote management actions for both species in the Campeche Bank. The population of conchs was sampled in 12 transects (150x1.5m) by SCUBA diving from April 2008 to March 2010. All conchs were collected and siphonal length (SL) was measured. These samples were complemented with data from the commercial catches, analyzing a total of 2 832 individuals of T. angulata. Siphonal length varied between 63 and 282mm. Sex ratio was of 0.98:1 female:male. The von Bertalanffy growth equation parameters were: L=346mm; K=0.30 and t=-0.24. Spawning extended from January to May with a long resting stage from June to September for over 80% of the adult population. The first gonadic maturity (L) was at 210mm (SL) for females and 200mm for males. For B. perversum a total of 1 655 individuals were analyzed. Siphonal length varied between 78 and 291mm with significant differences between male and female (p0.05). Sex ratio was of 1:0.25 female:male. The growth parameters obtained were: L=360mm; K=0.35 and t=-0.19. The spawning period was from August to December with resting stage from January to April. The L was 215mm (LS) for females and 190mm for males. Both species presented one recruitment pulse. These results will be useful to design management schemes based on population dynamics and reproductive attributes.


Turbinella angulata y Busycon perversum aportan la mayor captura de caracol en el Golfo de México (90%).Se realizaron muestreos mediante transectos lineales (150x1.5m) de abril 2008 a marzo 2010 y en las capturas comerciales del Banco de Campeche (18°-20º N - 90°- 91º O). 2 832 individuos de T. angulata fueron medidos, las tallas variaron entre 63-282mm (LS), la proporción hembras:machos fue 0.98:1. Los valores de crecimiento fueron: L=346mm, K=0.30 y t0=-0.24. El periodo reproductivo fue de enero a mayo con reposo de junio a septiembre (80%). La talla de primera madurez (L) fue de 210mm (LS) en hembras y 200mm en machos. De B. perversum,1 655 ejemplares fueron analizados con tallas entre 78-292mm, presentando diferencias significativas entre longitudes de machos y hembras (p0.05). La proporción hembras:machos fue 1:0.25. Los valores de crecimiento fueron L=360 mm, K=0.35 y t=-0.19. El periodo reproductivo fue de agosto a diciembre con reposo de enero a abril. La L50 fue de 215mm (LS) en hembras y 190mm en machos. Se observó un pulso de reclutamiento anual en ambas especies relacionado con el incremento en la temperatura marina. Los resultados ayudarán a definir un esquema de manejo basado en los atributos poblacionales y reproductivos de las especies.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Gastropoda/physiology , Sexual Maturation/physiology , Gastropoda/classification , Gastropoda/growth & development , Mexico , Reproduction/physiology , Seasons , Sex Ratio
14.
Rev. biol. trop ; 60(4): 1687-1706, Dec. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-662241

ABSTRACT

The olive snail (Neritina reclivata) is ubiquitous in tropical and sub-tropical systems of the Gulf of Mexico, however its impacts on sediment microalgae have been little studied. Many coastal systems around the world are being eutrophied due to human activities, and seemingly they will continue to be eutrophied to a further extent in the future. Exploring the single and combined impacts of further nutrient enrichment and grazing by the olive snail on sediment microalgae in such eutrophic systems is an important question for our understanding and management of these systems. Here we examine the effects of short-term nutrient enrichment and grazing by the olive snail N. reclivata on sediment microalgal biomass and composition in a shallow eutrophic estuary (Weeks Bay, Alabama, USA) of the Northern Gulf of Mexico. For this, we performed a series of factorial experiments adding or not nutrients and removing or not the snail, for a total of four treatments in each experiment: ambient grazing, ambient nutrients; ambient grazing, increased nutrients; no grazing, ambient nutrients; and no grazing, increased nutrients. We did not find any significant impact of nutrient addition in any of the eight short-term (i.e. four days) experiments carried out. Impacts by the snail were minor; we only found a decrease in biomass due to snail grazing in one of the eight experiments, and no impacts on microalgal (i.e. diatom) composition. High ambient nutrient concentrations in the sediment porewater and low snail abundances on the sediment could explain these findings. Our results suggest that ephemeral, short-term nutrient pulses into eutrophic coastal systems of the Northern Gulf of Mexico, such as Weeks Bay (Alabama, USA), should not greatly affect the abundance of sediment microalgae, even though those pulses occur in well-lit areas. The results further suggest the snail N. reclivata is not a major control of sediment microalgal populations in the subtidal sedimentary areas studied. Our findings contrast with the results of past work in sediments with well-lit and nutrient poor conditions, or sediments with high densities of other snail grazers. In conjunction this and other investigations indicate that the response of sediment microalgae to nutrient enrichment and modified grazer abundance depends to a large extent on the initial levels of nutrient availability and grazing before the system is altered.


El caracol Neritina reclivata está presente en los sistemas tropicales y subtropicales del Golfo de México, sin embargo, su impacto en los sedimentos de microalgas ha sido poco estudiado. Muchos de los sistemas costeros de todo el mundo están siendo eutrofizados debido a actividades humanas, y al parecer van a seguir siendo eutrofizados en mayor grado en el futuro. La exploración de los efectos individuales y combinados de un mayor enriquecimiento de nutrientes y la herviboría por este caracol en microalgas de sedimentos en estos sistemas eutróficos es una cuestión importante para la comprensión y el manejo de estos sistemas. Aquí se examinan los efectos a corto plazo del enriquecimiento de nutrientes y herviboría del caracol de olivo sobre la biomasa y composición de microalgas de sedimentos en un estuario eutrófico superficial (Weeks Bay. Alabama, USA) del norte del Golfo de México. Para esto se llevaron a cabo una serie de experimentos factoriales añadiendo o no nutrientes y removiendo o no el caracol, para un total de cuatro tratamientos en cada experimento: ambiente con herviboría sin nutrimentos añadidos, ambiente con herviboría y nutrimentos añadidos, ambiente sin herviboría sin nutrimentos añadidos, y ambiente sin herviboría con nutrimentos añadidos. No se encontró ningún impacto significativo por la adición de nutrimentos en ninguno de los ocho experimentos a corto plazo (i.e. cuatro días). Los impactos debidos al caracol fueron menores, sólo se encontró un decrecimiento en la biomasa por herviboría del caracol en uno de los ocho experimentos, y no hubo impacto en la composición de microalgas (i.e. diatomeas). Ambientes con alta concentración de nutrimentos del sedimento y baja abundancia del caracol sobre el sedimento pueden explicar estos resultados. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que pulsos efímeros y de corto plazo en sistemas costeros eutrofizados del Norte del Golfo de México tal como Weeks Bay (Alabama, USA), no deberían afectar de gran manera la abundancia de microalgas sobre el sedimento, a pesar de que los pulsos ocurran en áreas bien iluminadas. Además los resultados sugieren que el caracol N. reclivata no ejerce mayor control sobre las poblaciones de microalgas en las áreas submareales y sedimentarias estudiadas. Nuestros hallazgos contrastan con resultados de trabajos anteriores en sedimentos con buena iluminación y pobres condiciones nutritivas, o sedimentos con altas densidades de otros caracoles herbívoros. En conjunto, esta y otras investigaciones indican que la respuesta de microalgas en sedimentos al enriquecimiento de nutrientes y abundancia modificada de herbívoros depende en gran medida de los niveles iniciales de disponibilidad de nutrientes y herviboría antes de que el sistema se vea alterado.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ecosystem , Estuaries , Geologic Sediments , Gastropoda/physiology , Microalgae/physiology , Alabama , Biomass , Eutrophication , Gastropoda/classification , Geologic Sediments/microbiology , Seasons
15.
Rev. biol. trop ; 60(supl.2): 77-92, abr. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: lil-657836

ABSTRACT

Invertebrates associated with the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis at Playa Blanca, Bahía Culebra, Costa Rica. The coral reefs are one of the most diverse ecosystems in the planet, not only because their reef-building species but also because of the species that live above, on, inside and below them. Corals of the genus Pocillopora are recognized globally by harboring an important fauna of invertebrates among their branches, many of those considered obligate symbionts. The present investigation describes the fauna of invertebrates associated with the reef-building coral P. damicornis in Bahía Culebra, Costa Rica, their densities, frequencies, richness and diversities from 2003 to 2004. Five coral colonies were collected every 3-4 months at Playa Blanca within Bahía Culebra. A total of 448 individuals in 35 species were found: Harpiliopsis depressa, Trapezia ferruginea, Alpheus lottini, Fennera chacei, and Petrolisthes haigae, and the bivalve Lithophaga aristata, the predominant species. November was the month with the highest richness, diversity and taxonomic distinctiveness, while August had the lowest values. In general terms, the rainy season showed greater richness of species than the dry season. The species collected and their densities and abundances were similar to other sites along the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Bahía Culebra has been losing coral cover, which could have consequences on the diversity and abundances of associated corals organisms. These consequences include loss in the fertility of those organisms, a reduction in its function as cleaners and protection from coral predators, putting in risk their diversity, affecting the stocks of predatory fish that depends on them. Carrying out permanent monitoring of the associated cryptofauna of the coral Pocillopora is crucial to quantify losses or recoveries in the composition of associated invertebrates, and therefore in the functions that they perform in this ecosystem.


Los arrecifes coralinos son uno de los ecosistemas más diversos en el planeta, tanto por los organismos constructores como por aquellos que viven encima, sobre, dentro y debajo de ellos. Los corales del genero Pocillopora son reconocidos mundialmente por albergar una importante fauna de invertebrados entre sus ramas, los cuales son considerados como simbiontes obligatorios en una gran cantidad de casos. La presente investigación describe la fauna de invertebrados asociados al coral Pocillopora damicornis en Bahía Culebra, Costa Rica, describiendo sus densidades, frecuencias, riquezas y diversidades a través del tiempo. Para esto se colectaron 5 colonias cada 3-4 meses en Playa Blanca, Bahía Culebra. En total se encontraron 448 individuos en 35 especies, siendo Harpiliopsis depressa, Lithophaga aristata, Trapezia ferruginea, Alpheus lottini, Fennera chacei, y Petrolisthes haigae las especies predominantes. Noviembre fue el mes en el que se encontraron los mayores valores en los índices de riqueza, diversidad y diferenciación taxonómica, mientras que agosto fue el que presento los valores más bajos de todos. En términos generales, la época lluviosa mostro mayor riqueza de especies que la época seca. Así mismo, las especies colectados y los valores obtenidos son muy similares a otras zonas del Pacifico Oriental Tropical. Culebra ha venido sufriendo una perdida en la cobertura coralina, que podría tener consecuencias en la diversidad y abundancia de organismos asociados a corales. Estas consecuencias incluyen perdida en la fecundidad de estos organismos, una reducción en su función como limpiadores y protectores de depredadores del coral, poniendo en riesgo su diversidad, lo que puede afectar los stocks de peces depredadores que depende de ellos. Realizar monitoreos permanentes de la criptofauna asociada al coral Pocillopora va a ser determinante para cuantificar perdidas o recuperaciones en la composición de invertebrados asociados, y por ende en las funciones que estos desempeñan en este ecosistema.


Subject(s)
Decapoda/classification , Bivalvia/classification , Crustacea/classification , Anthozoa , Echinodermata/classification , Gastropoda/classification , Coral Reefs , Costa Rica , Fishes
16.
Rev. biol. trop ; 60(1): 219-232, Mar. 2012. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657774

ABSTRACT

Distribution of the mangrove gastropods Neritina virginea (Neritidae) and Littoraria angulifera (Littorinidae) within the Colombian Caribbean Darién Ecoregion. Gastropods are one of the most abundant groups within the Caribbean mangroves, however, little is known about the distribution of particular species at a regional scale. With this aim, we studied the geographic distribution of Littoraria (Littorinopsis) angulifera and Neritina (Vitta) virginea within the Darién Ecoregion in the Caribbean coast of Colombia, from 77 sampling stations along 609km between the Colombian-Panamá border and Córdoba State, Colombia. The fieldwork was conducted in June-August 2009, and a total of 3 963 individuals of both species were hand-picked from the ground, prop-roots and trunks along 50m transects, and shell sizes were measured. The description of geographic patterns considered surface water salinity, mangrove cover and gastropod distribution within the Gulf of Urabá. In the outer-most part of the Gulf, L. angulifera was present in 84.8% of the stations, while N. virginea was only present in 15.2% of the stations. In this part, mangroves areas were patchily distributed, and the gastropods (mainly L. angulifera) were found on woody debris along the supralittoral zone in sandy shores. In the inner-most part, in contrast, N. virginea occurred in 84.6% of the stations, mostly in estuaries, deltas and river margins, while L. angulifera only appeared in Turbo Bay (15.4%). Mean shell size also exhibited a clear geographic pattern: size range was 6-22mm in L. angulifera, and 6-12mm in N. virginea. L. angulifera was found in open-water stations with water salinities >10PSU, but it was absent in sites with lower salinities like the Atrato River Delta and other small rivers. Its presence on coastal woody debris suggests that despite of the recruitment of small individuals from the nearshore stock of larvae, populations are unable to establish due to the absence of mangroves protection. Oppositely, N. virginea was found under estuarine conditions on mangrove roots and ground. Our results confirm that L. angulifera is an esteno-tolerant marine species, and N. virginea is an eury-tolerant estuarine species, thus their geographic distribution is strongly shaped by the large freshwater discharge of the Atrato River. We hypothesize that absence or limited distribution of gastropods in various areas of the Darién Ecoregion may be further explained by the poor conservation state of mangroves.


Aunque los gasterópodos son uno de los grupos más abundantes en los manglares del Caribe, poco se sabe del ámbito de especies particulares debido al enfoque comunitario de la mayoría de los estudios. El ámbito de las poblaciones de L. angulifera y N. virginea fue estudiado en la Ecorregión Darién, Caribe colombiano. El muestreo se realizó entre junio y agosto 2009, se recolectaron 3 963 individuos de ambas especies, a los cuales se les midió la talla de la concha. La Ecorregión presentó diferencias espaciales en el ámbito de la salinidad del agua a nivel superficial, la cobertura de manglar y el ámbito de las poblaciones. En la parte externa de la Ecorregión, L. angulifera presentó el mayor porcentaje de aparición (84.8%) en comparación a N. virginea (15.2%). En el interior N. virginea presentó el mayor porcentaje (84.6%), mientras L. angulifera apareció solo en bahía Turbo (15.4%). Se encontraron diferencias en el ámbito de tallas promedio de las conchas, donde L. angulifera varió entre 6 y 22mm y N. virginea entre 6 y 12mm dentro del Golfo. Se confirma que L. angulifera es una especie de carácter estenohalina y marina, mientras que N. virginea es eurihalina y estuarina.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ecosystem , Gastropoda/classification , Caribbean Region , Colombia , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Rhizophoraceae
17.
Rev. biol. trop ; 60(1): 317-331, Mar. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657781

ABSTRACT

Terrestrial gastropods zoogeography in Southern Tamaulipas, México. Biogeography of Mexican terrestrial mollusks is poorly known, although many studies have described some of their biological aspects. This study aimed to contribute with new information on the distribution of terrestrial mollusks in this region of high altitudinal, topographic and climatic variations of Southern Tamaulipas State, México. For this, terrestrial gastropods were surveyed from December 1990 to November 2006. A total of 525 samples were obtained from 121 localities, characterized with different vegetation types. The primary zoogeographical feature was the presence of many endemic taxa, with 45 species or subspecies, representing the 43%, the highest value for Northeastern México. In addition, a total of 24 species (23%), were of Neotropical and Neartic distributions, and 15 species or subspecies (14%) exhibited Neotropical distributions. Furthermore, the family Spiraxidae showed the largest number of endemic species, with 17 species and two subspecies, and had the largest number of endemic species (27) for Northeastern México.


La biogeografía de los moluscos terrestres mexicanos es pobremente conocida. Entre diciembre 1990 y noviembre 2006 se estudiaron los gasterópodos terrestres de la región sur del estado de Tamaulipas, México. Esta región posee una gran variación altitudinal, topográfica y climática. Los muestreos (525) fueron obtenidos en 121 localidades en diferentes tipos de vegetación. La principal característica zoogeográfica fue el endemismo, con 45 especies o subespecies (43% de la malacofauna, el valor más alto se dio en el noreste de México). Además, un total de 24 especies (23%) tuvo una distribución neotropical y neártica, y 15 especies o subespecies (14%) una distribución exclusivamente neotropical. La familia Spiraxidae fue la que presentó mayor endemismo (17 especies y dos subespecies). Esta familia tiene el mayor número de especies endémicas (27) en el noreste de México.


Subject(s)
Animals , Gastropoda/classification , Mexico , Population Density
18.
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(3): 1165-1172, Sept. 2011. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-638150

ABSTRACT

Distribution and taxonomy of Pyrgophorus platyrachis (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) in the Sistema de Maracaibo, Venezuela. The presence of a microgastropod identified as Potamopyrgus sp. Was detected previously in the Maracaibo System; nevertheless, a detailed morphological analysis identified this snail in other genera. The objective of this work is to update the distribution and taxonomy of Pyrgophorus platyrachis in the Maracaibo System, Venezuela in samples obtained between 2001 and 2009. The presence of hundreds of individuals of P. platyrachis were observed in the estuary, indeed in the localities of the Gran Eneal lagoon (4 111 snails), Peonías lagoon (229 snails), Punta Capitán Chico (758 snails), San Francisco (2 517 snails), Curarire (240 snails), Apon River mouth (173 snails), Ojeda City (240 snails), Bachaquero (128 snails) and Tomoporo de Agua (385 snails). We performed a taxonomical analysis, and emphasized in ecological aspects, such as the distribution of the species and habitat features, as near vegetation and type of associated sediment. We found three morphotypes of the species, one smooth, another with spiral striations and the other with spines. Smooth morphotype was exclusive of the Gran Eneal lagoon, Peonías lagoon, Punta Capitan Chico and Apon River mouth localities, whereas the other two morphotypes were found together in the remaining localities. According to our detailed anatomical and taxonomical analysis we propose a synonymy between P. platyrachis and the other species described like Pyrgophorus parvulus and Pyrgophorus spinosus. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (3): 1165-1172. Epub 2011 September 01.


Algunos autores han planteado que los géneros Pyrgophorus Ancey 1888 y Potamopyrgus Stimpson 1865, son sinónimos, mientras que otros opinan que ambos se encuentran restringidos geográficamente. La similitud en la escultura de la concha, es lo que ha llevado a que sean considerados sinónimos, sin embargo las especies de Pyrgophorus son mucho más pequeñas, con cinco o menos vueltas y de sutura poco profunda. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer la distribución y taxonomía del gasterópodo de agua dulce Pyrgophorus platyrachis en el Sistema de Maracaibo, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Durante muestreos efectuados entre 2001 y 2009 se detectó la presencia de cientos de individuos de P. platyrachis en las localidades de la laguna de Gran Eneal, laguna Las Peonías, Punta Capitán Chico, San Francisco, Curarire, desembocadura del Río Apón, Ciudad Ojeda, Bachaquero y Tomoporo de Agua. Por lo tanto, se realizó un análisis taxonómico de los ejemplares obtenidos, destacando su distribución y la presencia de tres morfotipos: liso, enroscado y espinoso; el primero limitado a la Laguna de Gran Eneal, las Peonías, desembocadura del Río Apón y Punta Capitán Chico, mientras que los otros dos se encuentran juntos en las localidades restantes. Además, se propone la sinonimia entre P. platyrachis y otras especies descritas como Pyrgophorus parvulus y Pyrgophorus spinosus.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Gastropoda/anatomy & histology , Gastropoda/classification , Genitalia, Male/anatomy & histology , Population Density , Venezuela
19.
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(3): 1433-1451, Sept. 2011. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-638171

ABSTRACT

Ecological indicators of habitat and biodiversity in a Neotropical landscape: multitaxonomic perspective. The use of indicator species to characterize specific ecological areas is of high importance in conservation/ restoration biology. The objective of this study was to identify indicator species of diverse taxa that characterize different landscape units, and to better understand how management alters species composition. We identified two ecomosaics, tropical rain forest and the agricultural matrix, each one comprised of four landscape units. The taxonomic groups studied included birds (highly mobile), butterflies (moderately mobile), terrestrial gastropods (less mobile) and trees (sessile). Sampling efficiency for both ecomosaics was ≥86%. We found 50 mollusks, 74 butterflies, 218 birds and 172 tree species, for a total of 514 species. Using ordination and cluster analysis, we distinguished three habitat types in the landscape: tropical rainforest, secondary vegetation and pastures with scattered trees and live fences. The InVal (≥50%) method identified 107 indicator species, including 45 tree species, 38 birds, 14 butterflies and 10 gastropods. Of these, 35 trees, 10 birds, four butterflies and eight gastropods were forest indicators. Additionally, 10, 28, 10 and two species, respectively per group, were characteristic of the agricultural matrix. Our results revealed a pattern of diversity decrease of indicator species along the rainforest-secondary forest-pasture gradient. in the forest, the gastropods Carychium exiguum, Coelocentrum turris, Glyphyalinia aff. indentata y Helicina oweniana were significantly correlated (p<0.05) with 90% of the other groups of flora and fauna indicator species. These findings suggest that gastropods may be good indicators of forest habitat quality and biodiversity. The secondary vegetation is an intermediate disturbance phase that fosters high diversity in the agricultural matrix. We exemplify a multitaxa approach, including mesofauna, for ecological monitoring of agricultural landscapes. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (3): 1433-1451. Epub 2011 September 01.


El uso de especies indicadoras para caracterizar unidades ecológicas específicas es de gran importancia en la biología de la conservación/restauración. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar desde una perspectiva multitaxonómica, las especies que caracterizan distintas unidades de un paisaje. Así, se diferenciaron dos ecomosaicos: bosque tropical lluvioso y matriz agropecuaria con cuatro unidades de paisaje cada uno. Se incluyeron cuatro grupos biológicos: aves (muy móviles), mariposas frugívoras diurnas (moderadamente móviles), gasterópodos terrestres (poco móviles) y árboles (sésiles). La eficiencia de muestreo en los ecomosaicos fue ≥86%. Se registraron 50 especies de moluscos, 74 de mariposas, 218 de aves y 172 de árboles, totalizando 514 especies. Mediante ordenamiento y agrupamiento, se diferenciaron tres tipos de hábitats: bosque tropical lluvioso, vegetación secundaria y potreros con árboles. Aplicando el método InVal (≥50%), se identificaron 107 especies indicadoras, de las cuales 45 fueron árboles, 38 aves, 14 mariposas y diez gasterópodos. De éstas, 35 especies de árboles, diez de aves, cuatro de mariposas y ocho de gasterópodos son indicadoras del bosque. Diez, veintiocho, diez y dos especies (de cada grupo respectivamente) caracterizaron a la matriz agropecuaria. En el bosque, los gasterópodos Carychium exiguum, Coelocentrum turris, Glyphyalinia aff. indentata y Helicina oweniana se correlacionaron significativamente (p<0.05) con 90% de las especies indicadoras. Estos gasterópodos pueden, además de diferenciar la calidad del hábitat, ser indicadoras de la biodiversidad del bosque. La vegetación secundaria representó una fase intermedia de perturbación que propicia alta riqueza en la matriz agropecuaria. De manera que se aporta una perspectiva multitaxonómica que incluye el papel de la mesofauna en el monitoreo ecológico de agropaisajes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Birds/classification , Butterflies/classification , Ecosystem , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Gastropoda/classification , Trees/classification , Tropical Climate
20.
Rev. biol. trop ; 58(4): 1165-1175, dic. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-637991

ABSTRACT

Terrestrial mollusks (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Costa Rica: classification, distribution and conservation. Terrestrial mollusks are poorly known worldwide. The country has 183 reported species, 30% endemic and 7% are probably extinct. About 400 species are expected to inhabit the country. Biology, ecology, distribution, genetics and other areas of research are unknown for more than 95% of the species. The most diverse families are Spiraxidae, Orthalicidae and Subulinidae. However, the family that may have more species is Euconulidae. Euconulids inhabit the highlands, where less work has been done. The study of species of highlands will also rise the endemism rate. Future taxonomic, biological and ecological work should consider their low vagility, tendency to produce new taxa in sympatry, specific microhabitat requirements, hermaphroditism, high evolutionary rate (10% per million years), and divergence between species (2 to 30%). Urgent studies to protect the Costa Rican malacofauna include: distribution, abundance, effect of land use and climate changes on populations. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (4): 1165-1175. Epub 2010 December 01.


Los moluscos terrestres son un grupo muy poco estudiado a nivel mundial. Hay 183 especies reportadas para Costa Rica, 30% son endémicas y 7% posiblemente están extintas. Se espera que en el país haya alrededor de 400 especies, de más del 95% se desconoce su biología, ecología, distribución, genética y otros campos de estudio. En Costa Rica las familias con mayor número de especies son Spiraxidae, Orthalicidae y Subulinidae. No obstante, es posible que Euconulidae sea aun más diversa, pues habitan las zonas altas del país que es en donde menos trabajo se ha hecho. El estudio de regiones altas aumentará el porcentaje de endemismo. Los futuros trabajos malacológicos taxonómicos, biológicos y ecológicos deben considerar la poca movilidad de este grupo, su tendencia a formar especies nuevas en simpatría, la especificidad de requerimientos de microhábitat, el hermafroditismo, la alta tasa de evolución (10% por millón de años) y la divergencia entre especies (2-30%). Para proteger adecuadamente la biodiversidad de la malacofauna costarricense, se requiere de estudios que determinen la distribución y abundancia de las especies y el efecto del uso de la tierra y del climático.


Subject(s)
Animals , Gastropoda/classification , Conservation of Natural Resources , Costa Rica , Population Density , Population Dynamics
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL