ABSTRACT
Macrophages are critical for natural immunity and play a central role in specific acquired immunity. The IFN-gamma activation of macrophages derived from A/J or BALB/c mice yielded two different patterns of antiviral state in murine hepatitis virus 3 infection, which were related to a down-regulation of the main virus receptor. Using cDNA hybridization to evaluate mRNA accumulation in the cells, we were able to identify several genes that are differently up- or down-regulated by IFN-gamma in A/J (267 and 266 genes, respectively, up- and down-regulated) or BALB/c (297 and 58 genes, respectively, up- and down-regulated) mouse macrophages. Macrophages from mice with different genetic backgrounds behave differently at the molecular level and comparison of the patterns of non-activated and IFN-gamma-activated A/J or BALB/c mouse macrophages revealed, for instance, an up-regulation and a down-regulation of genes coding for biological functions such as enzymatic reactions, nucleic acid synthesis and transport, protein synthesis, transport and metabolism, cytoskeleton arrangement and extracellular matrix, phagocytosis, resistance and susceptibility to infection and tumors, inflammation, and cell differentiation or activation. The present data are reported in order to facilitate future correlation of proteomic/transcriptomic findings as well as of results obtained from a classical approach for the understanding of biological phenomena. The possible implication of the role of some of the gene products relevant to macrophage biology can now be further scrutinized. In this respect, a down-regulation of the main murine hepatitis virus 3 receptor gene was detected only in IFN-gamma-activated macrophages of resistant mice.
Subject(s)
Animals , Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/genetics , Interferon-gamma/pharmacology , Macrophage Activation/genetics , Macrophages/virology , Murine hepatitis virus/genetics , Cells, Cultured , Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/immunology , Mice , Mice, Inbred A , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Macrophage Activation/immunology , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/immunology , Murine hepatitis virus/immunology , Murine hepatitis virus/physiology , RNA, Messenger , Virus ReplicationABSTRACT
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) gB is known to play important roles in cell surface attachment, virion penetration, spread of infection from cell to cell, and provocation of neutralizing antibody. This study was performed to determine the role of anti-HCMV gB antibody in overall neutralizing response in patients with HCMV infection and healthy control with past infection. HCMV gB was stably expressed in 293 cells. With the stable cell line expressing gB as a specific immunosorbent, anti-gB antibody was removed from the current and past HCMV-infected sera and the remaining neutralizing activity was measured by plaque assay. It was shown that 19-50% of the total virus-neutralizing activity of sera with past HCMV infections was derived from anti-gB antibody, but anti-gB antibody had little effect on the total serum virus-neutralizing activity in patients currently infected with HCMV. This result suggests that neutralizing antibody to HCMV gB may reflect disease status.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Antigens, Viral/immunology , Antigens, Viral/genetics , Cells, Cultured , Cytomegalovirus/immunology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/prevention & control , Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology , Fetus/cytology , Fibroblasts/cytology , Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/immunology , Immunosorbents , Lung/cytology , Middle Aged , Neutralization Tests , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology , Viral VaccinesABSTRACT
Se ha demostrado que los virus exógenos del tumor mamario murino (MMTV) transmitidos por leche, inducen la expresión de diferentes superantígenos en los huéspedes infectados. Cada uno de estos superantígenos es capaz de inducir la deleción clonal progresiva de las células T portadoras de determinados elementos Vß de su receptor (TCR). En este trabajo se describe la existencia de una alteración en el repertorio T de los ratones BALB/c de una colonia. Dicha alteración, transmitida por vía materna, involucra la deleción de las células T CD4+ que expresan las cadenas Vß2 y Vß14 del TCR y correlaciona con una alta incidencia de tumores de mama. Estos resultados indican la transmisión materna de un superantígeno(s), probablemente asociado a la presencia de virus MMTV en la leche