Evaluation of Dental Hygienist Job Validity according to Judgment Standard of Medical Practice in Medical Law / 치위생과학회지

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of dental hygienist job according to judgment standard of medical practice in medical law. In this study, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey to evaluate the validity of dental hygienist job for 12 professors of dental college in Gangneung-Wonju National University from November 10 to 20, 2017. We investigated whether the dental hygienist job conforms to the three criteria of medical practice such as disease prevention and treatment, patient care, and health hazard. The response rates were scored and classified into four categories according to the final score. As a result of this study, dental hygienist job are classified into four categories according to judgment standard of medical practice. The higher the level of the category, the higher the degree of difficulty, and the higher the level of expertise and skills required. More than 50% of respondents answered that measuring the gingival pocket, bleeding on probing, professional tooth cleaning, oral health education, counseling after dental treatment are all three criteria for medical treatment. And these were classified into Level 4 group which requires the difficulty and expertise in the final score 4.3. It is necessary to develop and utilize standardized guidelines on the level of knowledge, education, and qualification standards required for dental practice in order to effectively allocate work among the dental personnel while ensuring the health rights of patients in the dental clinic field in Korea. In addition, there is a need to evaluate the various aspects of cost effectiveness, dental health service productivity, and health promotion contribution to dental hygienist jobs, And based on this evidence, it is necessary to continue to expand and adjust the dental hygienist job and to reorganize the dental workforce system.

Condição de saúde bucal e motivos para extração dentária entre uma população de adultos (20-64 anos) / Oral health condition and reasons for tooth extraction among an adult population (20-64 years old)

Resumo O presente estudo caracterizou a condição de saúde bucal e os principais motivos autorrelatados da extração dentária em uma população de adultos. Estudo transversal que examinou 248 adultos de 20-64 anos, representativos da população de Piracicaba (SP). O exame bucal domiciliar utilizou os índices CPOD, CPI, uso e necessidade de prótese dentária segundo critérios da OMS e presença de biofilme visível. Foram coletados dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e motivos da extração dentária por meio de questionário. A análise descritiva foi estratificada pela idade em 20-44 e 45-64 anos. O CPOD médio foi 20,37, P = 3,34 nos adultos jovens e P = 13,41 nos mais velhos. Bolsa periodontal (CPI ≥ 3) foi encontrada em 20,5% dos adultos jovens e 53,0% dos mais velhos. Enquanto 38,8% usavam prótese superior, 46,7% necessitavam de prótese inferior. A dor foi o motivo autorrelatado mais prevalente para realização da extração dentária, sendo esta escolha principalmente pela falta de outra opção de tratamento e no serviço privado. Conclui-se que os adultos jovens (20-44 anos) apresentaram menos dentes perdidos e doença periodontal, uso e necessidade de prótese. Dor e falta de opção de outros tratamentos foram os principais motivos autorrelatados para realização das extrações dentárias.

Abstract The study characterized the oral health condition and main self-reported reasons for tooth extraction in an adult population. The cross-sectional study examined 248 adults aged 20-64 years, representative of the population of Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. The oral examination conducted in households used the DMFT and CPI indexes, use and necessity of prosthodontics according to the WHO criteria and the presence of visible biofilm. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected along with reasons for tooth extraction through a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was stratified by age in groups: 20-44 and 45-64 years old. The average DMFT was 20.37 (EP = 0.50), P = 3.34 (EP = 0.33) for young adults and P = 13.41 (EP = 1.45) for the older adults. Gingival pockets (CPI ≥ 3) were found on 20.5% of young adults and 53.0% of the older ones. While 38.8% used upper prosthesis, 46.7% needed lower prosthesis. Pain was the most prevalent self-reported reason for tooth extraction (37.5%), being this choice primarily because of lack of another treatment option (52%) and done in the private sector (47.2%). We concluded that young adults (20-44 years old) showed less missing teeth, periodontal diseases, and need for prosthetic use. Pain and lack of options of other treatments were the main self-reported reasons for performing tooth extractions.

Absceso gingival después de aumento de reborde alveolar con técnica en rollo modificada. Reporte de caso / Gum Abscess after an Alveolar Ridge Augmentation with the Modified Roll Technique. A Case Report

Antecedentes: La técnica en rollo modificado se ha utilizado ampliamente para mejorar el aspecto estético de las deficiencias de los rebordes alveolares durante el tratamiento de rehabilitación y, así, disminuir el dolor posoperatorio. Objetivo: Describir un caso clínico en el que se realizó un aumento del reborde alveolar por medio de una técnica en rollo modificada que presentó un absceso durante las primeras semanas posoperatorias. Se describe también manejo clínico del caso. Resultados: Después del diagnóstico clínico y microbiológico, se realizó tratamiento antibiótico. En el control a los cuatro meses se observó resolución completa del absceso.

Background: The modified roll technique has been widely used to improve the aesthetics of the alveolar ridge deficiencies during the rehabilitation treatment and, in turn, to reduce the postoperative pain. Objective: To describe a clinical case of an alveolar ridge augmentation with the modified roll technique in which an abscess appeared during the first postoperative weeks. The clinical management of the case is also detailed herein. Results: After a clinical and microbiological diagnosis, the patient was indicated an antibiotic treatment. In the postoperative four-month checkup, a full solution of the abscess was observed.

Molecular-level evaluation of selected periodontal pathogens from subgingival regions in canines and humans with periodontal disease

Dogs commonly serve as a model for various human conditions, including periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the anaerobic bacteria that colonize the subgingival areas in dogs and humans by using rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based tests and to compare the results obtained in each species. Bacterial microflora evaluations, both quantitative and qualitative, were performed by applying ready-made tests on twelve dogs and twelve humans. Five samples were collected from each subject's deepest gingival pockets and joined to form a collective sample. The results of the study revealed interspecies similarities in the prevalences of Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Red complex bacteria comprised the largest portion of the studied bacterial complexes in all study groups, with P. gingivalis being the most commonly isolated bacterium. The results show similarities in the prevalence of bacterial microflora in dogs and humans. Microbiological analysis of gingival pockets by using rapid real-time PCR-based tests in clinical practice, both veterinary and human, can facilitate the choice of appropriate pharmacological treatment and can provide a basis for subsequent verification of the treatment's effectiveness.

Clinical and microbiological evaluation of one-stage full-mouth disinfection: a short-term study / Avaliação clínica e microbiológica do protocolo one-stage full-mouth disinfection: estudo de curto prazo

Introduction: Patients seem to adhere better to short-term periodontal treatment schemes. Besides, time-reduced treatments are more cost-effective. However, the degree of benefits related to this type of treatment still requires additional investigations. Aim: The present short-term study evaluated clinical and microbiological outcomes, from baseline to 3-months, of chronic periodontitis subjects treated by the one-stage full-mouth disinfection protocol. Material and Method: Sixteen chronic periodontitis subjects (mean-age 49.87 ± 8.22) who met inclusion/exclusion criteria were included. A calibrated examiner measured whole-mouth plaque and gingival indices, periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level at baseline and at 3-months. Subgingival samples were also collected from the 5 most diseased periodontal sites to determine total bacterial load and levels of P. gingivalis and S. oralis by real time qPCR. Periodontal treatment consisted of full-mouth manual debridement plus wide intraoral use of chlorhexidine in gel and solution. Additionally, after debridement, individuals rinsed 0.12% chlorhexidine at home twice a day for the following 2 months. Data monitored were compared by paired Student-t test (p<0.05). Result: Statistical analysis revealed that, in general, one-stage full-mouth disinfection treatment provided significant clinical and microbiological improvements at 3-months. Total bacterial load showed one of the most pronounced reductions from baseline to 3-months (p=0.0001). Also, subgingival levels P. gingivalis and S. oralis reduced overtime. Conclusion: After a short period of monitoring, chronic periodontitis subjects showed clinical and microbial improvements following one-stage full-mouth disinfection treatment.

Introdução: Os pacientes parecem aderir melhor ao tratamento periodontal de curto prazo. Além disso, tratamentos de tempo curto possuem melhor custo-benefício. No entanto, os benefícios associados a este tipo de tratamento ainda requerem investigações adicionais. Objetivo: O presente estudo avaliou longitudinalmente indivíduos com periodontite crônica clínica e microbiologicamente tratados pelo protocolo one-stage full-mouth disinfection. Material e Método: Dezesseis indivíduos (49,87 ± 8,22), que se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão/exclusão foram incluídos. Um examinador calibrado, avaliou índice de placa e gengival, profundidade de bolsa e nível clínico de inserção pré e pós terapia. Amostras subgengivais coletadas dos cinco sítios periodontais mais doentes estabeleceram a carga bacteriana total e níveis de P. gingivalis e S. oralis por qPCR. One-stage full-mouth disinfection foi realizado com instrumentos manuais associado a gel de clorexidina e solução. Após, os indivíduos utilizaram clorexidina 0,12% para bochecho, duas vezes ao dia, durante os dois meses. Dados foram comparados pelo teste pareado t de Student (p<0,05). Resultado: A análise estatística revelou que o tratamento proporcionou melhorias clínicas e microbianas significativas em três meses. A carga bacteriana total evidenciou reduções mais pronunciadas do pré para o pós-tratamento (p=0,0001). Similarmente, P. gingivalis e S. oralis mostraram redução no pós-tratamento. Conclusão: Após 3 meses de monitoramento, indivíduos com periodontite crônica apresentaram melhora clínica e microbiana com o protocolo one stage full-mouth disinfection.

Flies blown disease - Oral myiasis.

Myiasis, a term first introduced by Hope (1840), refers to the invasion of tissues and organs of animals and human wounds and certain body cavities by the dipteran larvae which manifests as subcutaneous furunculoid or boillike lesions. Oral myiasis is a rare pathology and a risk to the patient's life. Higher incidence is seen in rural areas affecting the tropical and sub-tropical zones of Africa and America. Myiasis affecting the oro-dental complex is rare. Here is a case report of oral myiasis in an 18-year-old male patient who is mentally challenged with anterior open bite, incompetent lips, and periodontal disease. The lesion was treated with turpentine oil, which forced larvae out and irrigated with normal saline solution. Follow-up examination revealed complete remission and healing of the lesion.

Antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in oral mucosa and pockets of patients with gingivitis-periodontitis

La cavidad bucal y el interior de la bolsa subgingival constituyen nichos ecológicos propicios para albergar microorganismos que podrían actuar como patógenos oportunistas, como el Staphylococcus aureus y enparticular S. aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM). La detección temprana de portadores reviste importancia para la salud pública. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue determinar por métodos fenotípicos y genotípicos la meticilino resistencia de cepas de S. aureus aisladas de mucosa bucal y bolsa subgingival y bolsa subgingival de 102 pacientes con enfermedad gingivoperiodontal. Se observó una prevalencia de S. aureus en bolsa subgingival del 10,8 por ciento (n=11) y en mucosa bucal del 19,5 por ciento (n=20). Se obtuvieron 31 aislamientos de S. aureus de los cuales 13 fueorn mec A positivos y 18 eran mec A negativos. La detección del gen mec A por PCR se utilizó como método de referencia para comparar los resultados de métodos fenotípicos para determinar la resistencia a meticilina. La detección rápida y exacta de S. aureus por métodos microbiológicos fenotípicos y genotípicos es relevante para evaluar la colonización y prevenir la propagación del SARM.

Variaciones del margen gingival después de alargamiento de corona clínica: reporte a 6 meses / Variations of the gingival margin after a clinical crown lengthening: a 6-month report

La unidad dentogingival es una unidad funcional compuesta por un tejido conectivo fibroso supracrestal, epitelio de unión y surco gingival, cuyo ancho es de 2.73 mm, medida que debe mantenerse para obtener éxito en los procedimientos restaurativos. Algunas situaciones clínicas invaden el anchobiológico, provocando alteraciones en el periodonto, en estos casos, se requiere la técnica quirúrgica de aumento de corona clínica para mejorar las condiciones anatómicas y facilitar los procedimientos restaurativos, sin embargo los estudios sobre las alteraciones en la posición del margen gingival durante la cicatrización después del procedimiento reportan resultados contradictorios. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios en la posición del margen gingival después de aumento de corona clínica a los 3 y 6 meses. Se evaluaron 28 dientes en 9 pacientes de la clínica odontológica de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia -Pasto, que asistieron durante el año 2007 y requirieron aumento de corona clínica. Los resultados demuestran una tendencia a migración coronal del margen gingival así: al primer mes en un 56.8%, al tercer mes en un 39.2% y al sexto mes en un 39.8%. Seis meses después de realizar aumento de corona clínica se observa una tendencia a migración coronal del margen gingival. El mayor valor de migración coronal se presentó en el primer mes de cicatrización, este valor disminuyó entre el tercer y sexto mes. La estabilidad del margen gingival se obtiene entre el tercer y sexto mes postquirúrgico.

The dentogingival functional unit is composed of supracrestal fibrous connective tissue, epithelium and gingival sulcus union, whose width is 2.73 mm, which must be maintained for success of restorative procedures. Some clinical situations invade the biological space, causing alterations in the periodontium. In these cases, surgery is required to increase clinical crown in order to improve the anatomy and facilitate restorative procedures. Clinical studies however, have shown contradictory results on the modification of the position of the gingival margin during healing after a clinical crown lengthening. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the position of the gingival margin after a clinical crown lengthening 3 and 6 months postoperatively. 28 different teeth from 9 patients who attended the Colombian Cooperative University Dental Clinics in Pasto subjected to clinical crown lengthening procedures, were evaluated. Results indicated a higher tendency for crown migration of the gingival margin as follows: 56.8% during the first month, 32.9% at the third month and 39.8% at six months. Six months after undergoing clinical crown lengthening procedures, a migration trend of the gingival margin was observed. During the first month of healing, the highest value of crown migration was present. This value decreased during the third and sixth months respectively. The stability of the gingival margin is achieved between the third and sixth months post surgically.

Evaluation of the marginal gingival health using laser doppler flowmetry

The purposes of this study were to compare the gingival blood flow (GBF) in test sites (teeth retaining fixed partial dentures) and control sites (contralateral natural teeth) and investigate whether there is any relationship between clinical indices and GBF values. Twelve healthy subjects (6 females and 6 males) aged 20 to 54 years were enrolled this study. The GBF was measured from the middle point of the marginal gingiva in the test and control sites using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Additionally, plaque index, gingival index and probing depth measurements were recorded. Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found between the test and control sites for marginal GBF. In contrast, no significant difference (p>0.05) was found between test and control sites with respect to the clinical indices, except for plaque index. The findings of this study suggest that there is a significant relation between resin-bonded fixed partial dentures with margins located subgingivally and marginal GBF. Clinical indices are helpful to collect information about the clinical health status of gingival tissues, but GBF is a good tool to measure gingival tissue blood flow and assess periodontal health. In conclusion, laser Doppler flowmetry can be used together with clinical indices to evaluate the marginal gingival health.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar o fluxo sangüíneo gengival (FSG) em sítios teste (dentes retentores de próteses parciais fixas) e sítios controle (dentes naturais contralaterais) e investigar se há alguma relação entre os índices clínicos (IC) e os valores de FSG. Doze indivíduos saudáveis (6 mulheres e 6 homens) com idades entre 20 a 54 anos participaram deste estudo. O FSG foi medido no ponto médio da gengina marginal em ambos os sítios teste e controle utilizando dopplerfluxometria a laser (DFL). Além disso, as medidas referentes ao índice de placa, índice gengival e profundidade de sondagem foram registradas. Foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0.05) entre os grupos teste e controle para os valores de FSG. Por outro lado, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0.05) entre os sítios teste e controle com relação aos índices clínicos, exceto para o índice de placa. Os achados deste estudo sugerem que existe uma relação significante entre próteses parciais fixas retidas por resina com margens localizadas subgengivalmente e o FSG marginal. Embora os índices clínicos sejam úteis para coletar informações sobre as condições clínicas dos tecidos gengivais, o FSG é uma ferramenta importante para medir o fluxo sanguíneo tissular gengival e avaliar a saúde periodontal. Em conclusão, a dopplerfluxometria a laser pode ser usada juntamente com índices clínicos para avaliar a saúde gengival marginal.

Comparaçäo entre fibroblastos gengivais e do ligamento periodontal de um mesmo indivíduo / Comparison between gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblast of the same subject

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as características morfológicas, o potencial proliferativo e a produçäo protéica de fibroblastos do ligamento periodontal (FLP) e de fibroblastos gengivais (FG). Os fibroblastos foram cultivados pela técnica do explante a partir de fragmentos da gengiva e do ligamento periodontal de um mesmo indivíduo. As células foram isoladas e plaqueadas para análise por microscopia de contraste de fase e microscopia óptica. O índice de proliferaçäo celular foi determinado por contagem automática de células e pelo ensaio de incorporaçäo de bromodioxiuridina (BrdU). A produçäo de proteína total foi verificada por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida e o perfil enzimático por análise zimográfica. Os FLP säo maiores e mais alongados que os FG em condiçöes de subconfluência e confluência celular. Os FLP demonstraram um potencial proliferativo significantemente maior que os FG. Os perfis protéico e enzimático foram similares entre os FLP e FG. Os resultados demonstram que os FLP e FG säo diferentes na morfologia e na capacidade proliferativa, porém säo semelhantes na produçäo protéica

Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Mangifera indica on anaerobic dental microglora based on in vivo studies.

The present study was carried out to compare the subgingival plaque microflora in mango leaf users. Fifty subjects of both sexes, 25 of them used tooth brush and 25 used mango leaf as their home care hygiene device were included in the study. The microbiological evaluation for specific bacterial counts of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Peptostreptococcus micros were carried out for all subject. Specific microbial evaluation revealed significant decrease in the proportion of P. intermedia and P. gingivalis in mango leaf users compared to tooth brush users. It shows that mangiferin possesses antibacterial activity in vivo against specific periodontal pathogens such as P. intermedia and P. gingivalis. Use of mango leaf in conjunction with a tooth brush will be a good home care device for maintenance of oral hygiene.

Registro periodontal simplificado em gestantes / Periodontal screening and recording in pregnant women

Avalia através do PSR (Registro Periodontal Simplificado) a prevalência, severidade e necessidades básicas de tratamento da doença periodontal em gestantes que freqüentaram a Clínica de Prevençäo da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - UNESP. Foram examinadas 41 gestantes com idades que variaram de 16 a 37 anos. O PSR foi aplicado com auxílio de uma sonda especialmente recomendada para este exame (sonda Trinity - tipo 621 OMS), indicando os códigos 0 a 4 cujos critérios identificam de saúde gengival, sangramento, cálculo, bolsa periodontal rasa e profunda. Estes foram atribuídos a cada sextante, podendo ou näo estarem associados a um asterisco (*) diante da presença de recessäo gengival, invasäo de furca, mobilidade ou alteraçöes muco-gengivais. Demonstraram que 100 por cento das gestantes apresentaram alguma alteraçäo gengival, sendo os códigos 2 (56,1 por cento) e o * (19,5 por cento) os mais prevalentes. Os grupos etários de 15-19 e 20-24 anos apresentaram o código 2 como maior escore e ausência de sextante excluído (X). A partir do grupo de 25-29 anos, além da maior prevalência ainda ser do código 2 (54,5 por cento), ocorreram os códigos 3 e 4 (bolsa periodontal). Os códigos * e sextante excluído (X) tenderam a aumentar com a idade no grupo de 30-37 anos. De modo geral, os códigos 1 e 2 prevaleceram em relaçäo ao percentual de sextantes afetados, correspondendo a 41,6 por cento e 39,8 por cento, respectivamente e afetando 2,49 e 2,39 sextantes, em média, por gestante. Em relaçäo às necessidades de tratamento, 90,2 por cento das gestantes necessitaram tratamentos adicionais aos preventivos, ou seja, 61,0 por cento das gestantes necessitaram de raspagem e alisamento radicular e/ou eliminar margens de restauraçöes defeituosas e 29,2 por cento de tratamento complexo. O atendimento às necessidades de tratamento na gravidez deve receber especial atençäo com o intuito de se promover saúde bucal e motivaçäo, e conseqüentemente, contribuir para minimizar a provável transmissibilidade de microrganismos bucais patogênicos para a criança, obtendo assim uma prevençäo primária das principais doenças bucais

Effect of natural honey on gingivitis associated pregnancy

This work aimed to investigate the effect of natural honey on gingivitis associated pregnancy. The study divided 49 pregnant women suffering from gingivitis in the 2nd and the 3rd trimester free from medical and obstetrical disorders into two groups: Group I included 25 pregnant women receiving honey and instruction and Group II included 24 pregnant women receiving routine dental care and served as controls. A follow up evaluation was done. Data were collected by using graduated periodontal prop and observational sheet for the evaluation of the degree of improvement of gingivitis and periodontal pockets. The results revealed that there was a rapid improvement in clinical characteristics and the mean value of gingival pocket was reduced rapidly in the experimental group with no improvement in the control group

Tratamento de áreas proximais relacionadas com prótese / The treatment of the proximal areas related to prothesis

O tratamento para as áreas proximais relacionadas com prótese foi analisado e discutido neste trabalho. Baseados na literatura, os autores mostram que dependendo da situaçäo, podemos tratar apenas removendo os fatores locais que se tornam nichos bacterianos ou realizando procedimentos cirúrgicos para eliminaçäo completa da bolsa periodontal ou cratera interproximal, remodelamento ósseo e o procedimento do R.A.I.(Restorative Alveolar Interface)

Papillon lefevre syndrome

Two cases of Papillon lefever syndrome have seen in the same family and the characterstic features of the syndrome are shown to be present in both childern. The main features are hyperkeratosis of palms, soles and knees together with destruction of the periodontiurn of the deciduous teeth leading to premature painless loss of teeth. All attempts to improve the oral hygiene and dental care were useless with more loosening of teeth and destruction of alveolar bone. Advice was given to extract remaining deciduous teeth and construct transitional denture to improve the childs condition clinically and Psychologically

Effect of metronidazole [Flagly] on advanced periodontitis

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of one week metronidazole treatment on patients with advanced periodontal disease. Thirteen patients [three males and ten females] were selected in the study. Clinical and microbiological evaluations were carried out initially at the pretreatment visit, then repeated at 2 and 15 weeks after metronidazole treatment. Clinical measurements of pocket depth and attachement level was done using Ramfjord procedures [1967] [12]. In addition, microbiological samples were obtained from the most severely involved sites as shown by X-ray picture to detect the effect of metronidazole on anaerobic and facultative organisms. The results of this study revealed an improvement in clinical parameters as indicated by reduction in pocket depth associated with an apparent gain of attachement. This suggested that metronidazole permitted a type of disease resolution at the base of deep pockets. In addition, the presentinvestigation revealed that metronidazole eliminated anaerobic organisms from subgingival microbiota and reduced some of the facultative organisms such as streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sangius and streptococcus salivarius. These findings emphasize that the elimination of anaerobic organisms was responsible for the improved periodontal health; whereas the suppression but not the elimination of facultative species in the plaque were not primarily responsible for signs of disease observed. In addition, it may suppress the pathogenic flora so that when the antimicrobial therapy stops, a non pathogenic flora may reestablish in the subgingiral area. The metronidazole unique spectrum of activity against anaerobes involved in periodontal disease coupled with favorable clinical response to the short term treatment inelicate that this agent will have valuable usage in dentistry. However, long-term studies are needed to disclose if discontinuation of metronidazole therapy will lead to reestablishment of a subgingival microbiota inductive to progressive periodontal disease