ABSTRACT
Distinct patterns of glomerular lesions, including membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, are associated with infection by Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma japonicum. Evidence suggests that immune complex deposition is the main mechanism underlying the different forms of schistosomal glomerulonephritis and that immune complex deposition may be intensified by portal hypertension. The relationship between focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and schistosomiasis remains poorly understood. A clinicopathologic classification of schistosomal glomerulopathies was proposed in 1992 by the African Association of Nephrology. In Brazil, mass treatment with oral medications has led to a decrease in the occurrence of schistosomal glomerulopathy. In a survey of renal biopsies performed in Salvador, Brazil, from 2003-2009, only 24 (4 percent) patients were identified as positive for S. mansoni infection. Among these patients, only one had the hepatosplenic form of the disease. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was found in seven patients and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was found in four patients. Although retrospective studies on the prevalence of renal diseases based on kidney biopsies may be influenced by many patient selection biases, a change in the distribution of glomerulopathies associated with nephrotic syndrome was observed along with a decline in the occurrence of severe forms of schistosomiasis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/parasitology , Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/parasitology , Schistosomiasis japonica/complications , Schistosomiasis mansoni/complications , Biopsy , Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/immunology , Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/pathology , Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/immunology , Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/pathology , Schistosomiasis japonica/immunology , Schistosomiasis japonica/pathology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/immunology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/pathologyABSTRACT
Al hablar de los aspectos relacionados a la patología del complemento, se hace relación a las deficiencias congénitas, descritas para todos los componentes aislados, pero destacando la mayor frecuencia de la deficiencia congénita de C2. También se menciona la asociación de enfermedades por autoinmunidad con el déficit de los componentes de la vía clásica (C1, C4 y C2), la infección severa y recurrente con el déficit de C3, el angioedema hereditario y deficiencia de C1INH, según sea el sector bloqueado o afectado. Entre los defectos adquiridos se mencionan la relación con diversos grupos de enfermedades como las colageno-vasculares (enfermedad del suero, lupus eritematoso sistémico y artritis reumatoide). En la patología renal se revisa su responsabilidad en las glomerulonefritis agudas, lupus, glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa y síndrome nefrótico. Finalmente, se menciona la participación del complemento en ciertas hemopatías: anemias y trombocitopenias inmunes y la hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna