ABSTRACT
Obesity and its consequent type 2 diabetes are significant threats to global health. Emerging evidence indicates that ginsenosides from ginseng (Panax ginseng) have anti-diabetic activity. We hypothesized that ginsenosides Rg1 could suppress dietary-induced obesity and improve obesity-related glucose metabolic disorders. Our results showed that ginsenoside Rg1 attenuated dietary-induced body weight gain and fat accumulation in white adipocyte tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet. Furthermore, we found that ginsenosides Rg1 not only decreased fasting glucose concentration and the 2-h postprandial glucose concentration, but also improved insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in those mice. Ginsenoside Rg1 also activated the AMPK pathway in vitro and in vivo and increased plasma membrane translocation of GLUT4 in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. In conclusion, our observations suggested that ginsenoside Rg1 inhibited dietary-induced obesity and improved obesity-related insulin resistance and glucose intolerance by activation of the AMPK pathway.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Diet, High-Fat , Ginsenosides/pharmacology , Glucose Metabolism Disorders/prevention & control , Obesity/complications , AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/drug effects , AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Glucose Metabolism Disorders/etiology , Glucose Metabolism Disorders/metabolism , Insulin Resistance , Obesity/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Time FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: different etiologies are related to tinnitus including metabolic disorders (blood glucose and lipids). AIM: the aim of this study was compare tinnitus severity by self-report measures pre and post nutritional intervention, using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. METHOD: participants of this study were twenty one male and female subjects, with ages ranging from 40 to 82 years. Inclusion criteria involved the presence of tinnitus and metabolic disorder diagnosed by laboratory exams. All subjects were submitted to a nutritional intervention program. Audiological evaluation and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory were applied pre and post intervention. RESULTS: when comparing the presence of tinnitus pre and post intervention, data analysis indicates statistical difference concerning tinnitus sensation - 71.5 percent of the individuals referred less impact of tinnitus in daily activities. CONCLUSION: an important difference was observed concerning tinnitus influence in subject's life by self-report measures. A direct relation between tinnitus and metabolic disorders in cases related with this symptom was verified.
TEMA: diferentes etiologias estão relacionadas com a presença de zumbido, incluindo doenças metabólicas (glicêmicas e lipídicas). OBJETIVO: comparar o grau de severidade do zumbido por meio de medidas de auto-análise em sujeitos com alterações metabólicas pré e pós-intervenção nutricional, utilizando o Questionário de Gravidade do Zumbido. MÉTODO: vinte e um sujeitos, homens e mulheres, com idade entre 40 e 82 anos, participaram deste estudo. Critérios de inclusão abrangeram a presença de zumbido e de alteração metabólica diagnosticada por meio de exames laboratoriais. Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos a um programa de intervenção nutricional. A avaliação audiológia e o questionário de gravidade de zumbido foram aplicados pré e pós-intervenção. RESULTADOS: comparando os resultados pré e pós-intervenção os dados mostram uma diferença estatisticamente significante com relação à sensação do zumbido em 71,5 por cento dos sujeitos, os quais referiram menor impacto do zumbido nas atividades diárias. CONCLUSÃO: uma importante diferença foi observada com relação à influência do zumbido na vida do sujeito quando utilizadas as medidas de auto-análise. Verificou-se uma relação direta entre zumbido e alterações metabólicas em casos relacionados a estes sintomas.