ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Alcohol misuse has now become a serious public health problem and early intervention is important in minimizing the harm. Biochemical markers of recent and high levels of alcohol consumption can play an important role in providing feedback regarding the health consequences of alcohol misuse. Existing markers are not sensitive to recent consumption and in detecting early relapse. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a phase-II metabolite of ethanol is a promising marker of recent alcohol use and can be detected in body fluids. In this study an analytical technique for quantitation of EtG in body fluids using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometric detection (MS) was developed and validated. Methods: De-proteinization of serum and urine samples was done with perchloric acid and hydrochloric acid, respectively. Serum samples were passed through phospholipids removal cartridges for further clean up. EtG was isolated using amino propyl solid phase extraction columns. Chromatographic separation was achieved by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Results: Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 50 and 150 ng/ml for urine and 80 and 210 ng/ml for serum, respectively. Signal to noise ratio was 3:1, mean absolute recovery was 80-85 per cent. Significant correlation was obtained between breath alcohol and serum EtG levels (r=0.853) and urine EtG and time since last abuse (r = -0.903) in clinical samples. Interpretation & conclusions: In the absence of other standardized techniques to quantitate EtG in biological samples, this gc -ms method was found to have high throughput and was sensitive and specific.
Subject(s)
Alcohol-Induced Disorders , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Glucuronates/analysis , Glucuronates/blood , Glucuronates/urine , Humans , Solid Phase ExtractionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To develop a method for determining ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in blood and urine by liquid chromatograph coupled with tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS).@*METHODS@#After blood and urine de-proteined by acetonitrile, the supernate obtained from a centrifuge was analyzed by LC-MS/MS.@*RESULTS@#Determination limit of EtG in both blood and urine was 0.05 pg/mL, with a linear range of 0.10-5.00 microg/mL (r > 0.999). Accuracy in both matrixes was 95%-109%. Inter- and intra-day RSD were less than 12%. The method showed an excellent performance when it was used to analyze authentic blood and urine samples for EtG.@*CONCLUSION@#The method is capable for blood and urine EtG analysis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alcoholism/urine , Biomarkers/urine , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Ethanol/metabolism , Forensic Toxicology/methods , Glucuronates/urine , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Substance Abuse Detection/methods , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methodsABSTRACT
Ethyl glucuronide is a specific metabolite of ethanol. There have been plenty of articles referring its pharmacokinetics, detection and application as a specific bio-marker of alcohol intake. This article reviews various analytical methods of EtG, relationship between EtG quantification and ethanol intake, and criteria for determining chronic alcohol abuse, and origin of ethanol found in the cadavers by EtG analysis. EtG has its potential application in forensic toxicology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alcoholism/metabolism , Forensic Toxicology/methods , Glucuronates/urine , Hair/chemistryABSTRACT
The concentrations of estrone-3-glycuronide [E-1-G], estradiol-17-beta glycuronide [E-2-G] and estradiol-16-alpha glycuronide [E-3-G] in serial samples of early morning urine [EMU] were determined in 15 spontaneous cycles, 10 cycles in women treated with human menopausal gonadotrophins [HMG]. The results showed that there was a defined pattern for all three metabolites similar to the pattern of estradiol in plasma and that their concentrations in stimulated cycles were significantly higher than in spontaneous cycles. It was concluded that the measurement of these metabolites in samples of early morning urine offers simple and practical methods for the biochemical monitoring of folliculogenesis in spontaneous and induced ovarian cycles
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Glucuronates/urineABSTRACT
Se describe la determinación urinaria de glucurónido de pregnantriol por radioinmunoanálisis (RIA), así como la validación del método. Los resultados muestran que este ensayo es adecuado y confiable para ser aplicado como medio auxiliar de diagnóstico, así como el de ser de realización rápida y de alta productividad. Las concentraciones urinarias del glucurónido de pregnantriol durante el ciclo menstrual en mujeres sanas son francamente bifásicas con elevación significativa durante la fase lútea. Se discute la utilidad de esta determinación en una sola muestra de orina