Women's intention to use long acting and permanent contraceptive methods and associated factors among family planning users in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross sectional study

The main objective of the study was to assess the magnitude of women's intention to use long-acting and permanent contraceptive methods and associated factors among short term family planning users in Addis Ababa public health centers, Ethiopia, 2020. A Facility-based cross-sectional study design was implemented in Addis Ababa public health center and data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire on 504 participants, which was selected by multistage cluster sampling methods among family planning users in selected public health centers from March to April 2020. Collected data were coded and entered into EPI INFO version 4.6.0.0 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine independent predictors at a 95% confidence interval and p<0.05 was considered significant. This study found the prevalence of contraception intention to use long acting and permanent methods (LAPMs) among participants were 60%. Predictors of LAPM desired number of children (AOR: 14.55, 95%CI (3.29-6.42), respondent's education (AOR: 0.36, 95%CI (0.20-0.64) and participant's occupation status (AOR: 8.75, 95% C I (1.31-5.84) were significantly associated with contraception intention. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[4]: 22-31).

Actividad antibacteriana de extractos de Gnaphalium polycephalum Michxcontra Staphilococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Antibacterial activity of Gnaphalium polycephalum Michx extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Introducción. La resistencia bacteriana se ha incrementado de forma exponencial desde la aparición de las primeras cepas resistentes a la penicilina. Por el contrario, el descubrimiento y la investigación de nuevos antibióticos han decrecido de forma tal que, en la actualidad, las opciones terapéuticas ante infecciones causadas por bacterias multirresistentes son real-mente pocas. Por lo anterior es necesario buscar alternativas en fuentes naturales como las plantas, que representan uno de los mejores sustratos para la obtención de moléculas con actividad antimicrobiana. Objetivo. Evaluar la actividad antibacteriana del extracto en metanol y diclorometano de Gnaphalium polycephalum Michx, contra tres cepas bacterianas de importancia clínica. Métodos. Los extractos se obtuvieron de las hojas de la planta mediante extracción por solventes (metanol y diclorometano) y se secaron en rotaevaporador al vacío. La actividad antimicrobiana se evaluó mediante la técnica de microdilución (adaptada del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute,CLSI) para determinar la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) probando cinco diluciones (1.000, 500, 250, 125 y 62,5 µg/ml). Todos los ensayos se hicieron por duplicado y se incubaron 24 horas a 37 oC. Resultados. Ambos extractos mostraron efecto inhibitorio contra Staphylococcus aureus y Escherichia coli hasta la segunda dilución, pero no actuaron sobre Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusiones. La obtención de un efecto inhibitorio en concentraciones por debajo de 1.000 µg/ml de cualquier extracto, se convierte en una característica promisoria para seguir inves-tigando los efectos biológicos de esta planta sobre las bacterias. Desde este punto de vista, Gnaphalium polycephalum Michx podría representar una nueva fuente potencial de moléculas alternativas para utilizar en la lucha contra la resistencia bacteriana.

Introduction: Bacterial resistance has increased exponentially since emergence of first penici-llin-resistant strains. Conversely, discovery and investigation of new antibiotics has decreased so that in the present, treatment options to infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria are really few. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternatives in naturalsources like plants, which represent one of the best substrates for obtaining molecules with antimicrobial activity. Objective: To evaluate antibacterial activity of methanolic and dichloromethanic extracts from Gnaphalium polycephalum Michx against three clinically important bacterial strains. Methods: Extracts were obtained from plant leaves, through solvent extraction (methanol and dichloromethane) and dried in a vacuum rotary evaporator. Antimicrobial activity was tested through microdilution technique (adapted from the Clinical and Laboratory Stan-dards Institute,CLSI) to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing five-fold dilutions (1,000, 500, 250, 125 and 62.5 µg/ml). All assays were performed in duplicate and incubated 24 hours at 37°C. Results: Both extracts showed inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escheri-chia coli until the second dilution, but had no effect against sobre Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions: Obtaining an inhibitory effect at concentrations below 1,000 µg/ml of any sample becomes a promising feature to further investigate biological effects of this plant over bacteria. From this point of view, Gnaphalium polycephalum Michx could represent a potential new source of molecules useful in fighting against bacterial resistance.