Ocular motility changes after inferomedial wall and balanced medial plus lateral wall orbital decompression in Graves' orbitopathy: a randomized prospective comparative study

OBJECTIVES: To compare the surgical outcomes of inferomedial wall orbital decompression (IM-OD) and balanced medial plus lateral wall orbital decompression (ML-OD) in patients with inactive Graves' orbitopathy (GO) with regard to exophthalmos reduction and ocular motility abnormalities. METHODS: Forty-two patients with inactive GO eligible for OD were randomly assigned to either the IM-OD or ML-OD groups. Pre and postoperative evaluations included Hertel exophthalmometry, sensory, and motor extraocular motility assessment, standardized photographs in the nine gaze positions, and computed tomography (CT) of the orbits. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03278964. RESULTS: Exophthalmometry reduction was statistically significant in both groups (p<0.001), but was greater in the ML-OD group (p=0.010). New-onset esotropia occurred in 11.1% and 23.5% of patients who underwent IM-OD and ML-OD, respectively, with no statistically significant difference in the frequency of pre and postoperative strabismus in either group. The mean increase in preoperative esotropia was 24±6.9 and 12±8.8 prism diopters in patients who underwent IM-OD and ML-OD, respectively. In the IM-OD group, abduction and elevation worsened at the first (p<0.05) and third (p<0.05) postoperative visits but were restored at 6 months. The versions did not change postoperatively with ML-OD. The preoperative CT-measured medial rectus muscle area predicted new-onset strabismus (p=0.023). Significant postoperative medial rectus muscle enlargement occurred in both groups (p<0.001). Restriction in elevation and abduction was significantly associated with enlarged inferior (p=0.007) and medial rectus muscle areas (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: IM-OD is as safe as ML-OD with regard to new-onset strabismus, and represents a good alternative for patients who do not require significant exophthalmos reduction. ML-OD offers greater exophthalmos reduction and smoother postoperative recovery. Patients with preoperative enlarged medial rectus muscle on CT are at risk for new-onset esotropia, and preoperative esotropia is likely to increase after OD.

Técnica endonasal para cirurgia de descompressão orbitária em paciente com exoftalmopatia de Graves / Endonasal technique for orbital decompression surgery in a patient with Graves' exophthalmopathy

Resumo Paciente do sexo feminino, 29 anos, ex-tabagista, diagnosticada em setembro de 2012 com doença de Graves e apresentação rápida de exoftalmia bilateral. Na avaliação oftalmológica, apresentava motilidade preservada, proptose e bolsa de gordura superior em AO com retração de PPSS e PPII e exoftalmetria em OD de 26 mm,e em OE de 24 mm. Em maio de 2014,fez o mapeamento da retina que evidenciou cicatrizes de coriorretinite em ambos os olhos e campimetria computadorizada, apresentando degrau nasal em OD, contração superior, depressão centro-inferior. Em junho de 2016, realizou cirurgia de descompressão orbitária de paredes medial e inferior bilateral por via endoscópica com uso de endoscópio nasal Karl Storz, em 30 graus de óptica. A abordagem cirúrgica da oftalmopatia de Graves deve ser empregada na fase cicatricial exceto nos casos com risco de perda da visão. Antes realizada por acesso externo, atualmente a descompressão orbitária pode ser realizada via endoscópica, com mínima invasividade e permite a remoção da parede inferior e medial sem necessidade de incisões externas. É um procedimento seguro para o tratamento da orbitopatia distireoidiana associada a menor morbidade, no qual se evita lesões ao ducto nasolacrimal, nasofrontal ou ao infraorbital e se possibilita redução da proptose entre 3 a 4 mm. Os benefícios da descompressão estão relacionados com a melhora da acuidade visual, além do resultado estético. A continuidade do tratamento cirúrgico será realizada por meio de correção de retração palpebral seguida de blefaroplastia.

Abstract Female, 29, former smoker, diagnosed in September 2012 with Graves' disease and rapid presentation of bilateral exophthalmos. In the ophthalmologic evaluation, it presented preserved motility, proptosis and upper fat sac in OA with retraction of PPSS and PPII and exophthalmetry in OD of 26 mm, and in OE of 24 mm. In May 2014, he performed the mapping of the retina that showed scars of chorioretinitis in both eyes and computerized campimetry, presenting a nasal step in OD, superior contraction, central-inferior depression. In June 2016, he underwent orbital decompression surgery of the medial and inferior bilateral walls by endoscopic approach using the Karl Storz nasal endoscope at 30 degrees of optics. The surgical approach of Graves' ophthalmopathy should be used in the cicatricial phase except in cases with risk of loss of vision. Before performed by external access, orbital decompression can now be performed endoscopically, with minimal invasiveness and allows the removal of the inferior wall and Without external incisions. It is a safe procedure for the treatment of dysthyroidal orbitopathy, associated with lower morbidity, in which lesions are avoided in the nasolacrimal, nasofrontal, or infraorbital ducts and it is possible to reduce proptosis between 3 and 4 mm. The benefits of decompression are related to Improvement of visual acuity, besides the aesthetic result. The continuation of the surgical treatment will be performed by correction of palpebral retraction followed by blepharoplasty.

Descompresión orbitaria por vía endoscópica nasal en la orbitopatía tiroidea: nuestra experiencia / Endoscopic orbital decompression for the management of thyroid eye disease: our experience / Decompressão orbitaria por via nasal endoscópica na orbitopatia tírida: nossa experiência

INTRODUCCIÓN: La orbitopatía tiroidea es una de las manifestaciones extratiroideas más frecuentes de la enfermedad de graves. El diagnóstico es clínico y con estudios de imágenes. El tratamiento depende de la etapa en que se encuentre la enfermedad, pudiendo ser conservador o quirúrgico, siendo la descompresión orbitaria el pilar del tratamiento. OBJETIVOS: Describir la técnica quirúrgica y las complicaciones más frecuentes. Comprobar los beneficios en la reducción del exoftalmos, la mejoría de la agudeza visual y la descompresión del nervio óptico...

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid orbitopathy is one of the most frequent extra thyroid manifestations of Graves' disease. The diagnosis is clinical and with imaging studies. The treatment depends on the stage in which the disease is found; can be conservative or surgical, the orbital decompression is the pillar of the treatment. OBJECTIVES: Describe the surgical technique and the most frequent complications checking the benefits in the reduction of exophthalmos, the improvement of visual acuity and decompression of the optic nerve…

INTRODUÇÃO: A orbitopatia tireoidiana é uma das manifestações extra tireóides mais freqüentes da doença de graves. O diagnóstico é clínico e com estudos de imagem. O tratamento depende da fase em que a doença é encontrada; podendo ser conservador ou cirúrgico, sendo a descompressão orbital o pilar do tratamento. OBJETIVOS: Descreva a técnica cirúrgica e as complicações mais frequentes. Verificar os benefícios na redução do exoftalmos, a melhora da acuidade visual e descompressão do nervo óptico...

Customized Orbital Decompression Surgery Combined with Eyelid Surgery or Strabismus Surgery in Mild to Moderate Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of customized orbital decompression surgery combined with eyelid surgery or strabismus surgery for mild to moderate thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHODS: Twenty-seven consecutive subjects who were treated surgically for proptosis with disfigurement or diplopia after medical therapy from September 2009 to July 2012 were included in the analysis. Customized orbital decompression surgery with correction of eyelid retraction and extraocular movement disorders was simultaneously performed. The patients had a minimum preoperative period of 3 months of stable range of ocular motility and eyelid position. All patients had inactive TAO and were euthyroid at the time of operation. Preoperative and postoperative examinations, including vision, margin reflex distance, Hertel exophthalmometry, ocular motility, visual fields, Goldmann perimetry, and subject assessment of the procedure, were performed in all patients. Data were analyzed using paired t-test (PASW Statistics ver. 18.0). RESULTS: Forty-nine decompressions were performed on 27 subjects (16 females, 11 males; mean age, 36.6 +/- 11.6 years). Twenty-two patients underwent bilateral operations; five required only unilateral orbital decompression. An average proptosis of 15.6 +/- 2.2 mm (p = 0.00) was achieved, with a mean preoperative Hertel measurement of 17.6 +/- 2.2 mm. Ocular motility was corrected through recession of the extraocular muscle in three cases, and no new-onset diplopia or aggravated diplopia was noted. The binocular single vision field increased in all patients. Eyelid retraction correction surgery was simultaneously performed in the same surgical session in 10 of 49 cases, and strabismus and eyelid retraction surgery were performed in the same surgical session in two cases. Margin reflex distance decreased from a preoperative average of 4.3 +/- 0.8 to 3.8 +/- 0.5 mm postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The customized orbital decompression procedure decreased proptosis and improved diplopia, in a range comparable to those achieved through more stepwise techniques, and had favorable cosmetic results when combined with eyelid surgery or strabismus surgery for mild to moderate TAO.

Outcomes of Various Surgical Procedures on Acquired Lower Eyelid Epiblepharon in Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy

PURPOSE: To report the outcomes of acquired lower eyelid epiblepharon after various surgeries in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of 53 TAO patients with acquired lower eyelid epiblepharon between October 1999 and June 2011 was performed. Data were collected on demographics, type of lower eyelid epiblepharon, the detailed surgical history such as orbital decompression, retraction repair, or epiblepharon repair and surgical outcomes including follow-up period, recurrence of epiblepharon, and post-operative complications. RESULTS: Among the 53 TAO patients with acquired lower eyelid epiblepharon, 25 eyes of 17 patients underwent surgical management; 6 eyes of orbital decompression, 1 eye of orbital decompression followed by retraction repair, 2 eyes of orbital decompression followed by epiblepharon repair, 6 eyes of lower eyelid retraction repair, and 10 eyes of epiblepharon repair. Twenty two lower eyelid epiblepharons (88%) were resolved after final surgical treatment without complication during mean 16.2 months (SD, +/-29.9 months) of follow up period; three of 6 epiblepharons that remained after orbital decompression underwent subsequent surgical management of retraction repair or epiblepharon repair, and epiblepharons were well-corrected. Mean amount of lower eyelid retraction was decreased from 1.68 mm (SD, +/-1.17 mm) to 0.29 mm (SD, +/-0.44 mm) after surgery, regardless of the type of surgery (n = 25, p < 0.000, Wilcoxon signed rank test). CONCLUSIONS: Acquired lower eyelid epiblepharon of TAO should be managed sequentially according to the general serial order of surgical managements in TAO; orbital decompression, correction of lower eyelid retraction and epiblepharon repair. Acquired lower eyelid epiblepharon was well resolved after surgical management in consecutive order, especially after repair of the lower eyelid retraction with a graft, or lower eyelid epiblepharon repair. Decreased lower eyelid retraction with a resolution of epiblepharon after surgery implied that lower eyelid retraction was associated with lower eyelid epiblepharon.

Tratamiento quirúrgico del estrabismo en la enfermedad de graves / Surgical treatment of strabismus in graves disease

El estrabismo en la Oftalmopatía (Orbitopatía) de Graves se origina en la fibrosis post inflamatoria de uno o varios músculos, en uno o ambos ojos. Esto provoca un desalineamiento de los ejes visuales con diplopia que puede llegar a ser invalidante. Los músculos más frecuentemente comprometidos son los Rectos Inferiores y Medios. Algunos pacientes compensan su diplopia con posiciones anómalas de la cabeza. La cirugía se plantea en la etapa inactiva de la inflamación orbitaria, con ángulos estables por al menos seis meses; con los objetivos de eliminar la diplopia al menos en mirada al frente y en posición de lectura, eliminar las posiciones viciosas y mejorar la estética. La técnica quirúrgica, en la mayoría de los casos, consiste en el retroceso de todos los músculos responsables del estrabismo; idealmente con técnica ajustable, la que permite dosificar mejor la cirugía. La cirugía del estrabismo debe hacerse después de la descompresión orbitaria (si corresponde) y antes de la eventual cirugía de párpados. Los resultados en general son satisfactorios, pero con limitaciones

Strabismus in Graves Ophthalmopathy is caused by postinflammatory retraction in one or more muscles of one or both eyes. The most frequently involved muscles are inferior and medial rectus. This event provokes the loss of visual axes alignment, and, eventually, invalidant diplopia. Some patients compensate their diplopia with anomalous head positions. Surgery is indicated in the inactive phase of the orbital inflammatory process, with the goals of eliminate diplopia and abnormal head positions and to restore aesthetics. Surgical technique, in the majority of cases, consists in recessing all muscles involved in the strabismus; ideally with an adjustable technique that grants a better dosing of surgery. Strabismus surgery must be done after orbital decompression (if indicated) and before the eventual lid surgery. Results in general are satisfactory, but with some limitations in most cases

Manejo quirúrgico de la orbitopatía de graves / Surgical management in graves' orbitopathy

La enfermedad de Graves corresponde a un síndrome que comprende: bocio hipertiroídeo habitualmente, oftalmopatía asociada a la tiroides y dermatopatía. No se cuenta con estadísticas nacionales, sin embargo la mayoría de los estudios internacionales muestran una frecuencia mayor en la mujer. Desde el punto de vista del manejo quirúrgico de esta enfermedad, éste se basa en tres etapas fundamentales: descompresión orbitaria, cirugía de los músculos extraoculares y finalmente la cirugía de reposicionamiento palpebral, no todos los pacientes requieren estos tres tipos de tratamiento, pero en caso de necesitarlos esta debe ser la secuencia. La indicación quirúrgica dependerá de la fase en que se encuentre el paciente, idealmente deberá realizarse en la fase de inactividad de la enfermedad caracterizada por la ausencia de signología inflamatoria periocular. Este artículo está destinado a mostrar las alternativas quirúrgicas en el tratamiento de las complicaciones oculares de la Orbitopatía de Graves orientado principalmente hacia el exoftálmo y la patología palpebral

Graves' disease is a syndrome comprising usually hyperthyroid goiter, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and dermopathy. We do not have national statistics, however International studies show a grater frequency in females. Surgical management is based in three stages: orbital decompression, eye muscle surgery and finally eyelid repositioning, not every patient needs all of these surgical treatments, but in case they do need them this must be the sequence. Surgical indication will depend on the phase of the disease; ideally it will be performed in the phase of inactivity of the disease, which is characterized by the absence of periocular inflammatory signs. This article describes the surgical alternatives in the treatment of the ocular complications in the Graves' orbitopathy, oriented mainly towards exophthalmos and palpebral disease

Lower Eyelid Epiblepharon Associated with Lower Eyelid Retraction

PURPOSE: To describe a series of patients with lower eyelid epiblepharon associated with lower eyelid retraction. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent surgery for lower eyelid retraction, epiblepharon, or thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) between October 1999 and March 2007. Patients with both lower eyelid retraction and epiblepharon on preoperative examination were included in this study. RESULTS: Twenty-seven eyelids of 20 patients with both lower eyelid retraction and epiblepharon were enrolled. The underlying causes of lower eyelid retraction included congenital retraction (seven eyelids), congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM; seven eyelids), TAO (seven eyelids), post-operative cicatricial retraction (five eyelids), and facial nerve palsy (one eyelid). Eight of 27 eyelids were successfully corrected after the repair of retraction without the repair of epiblepharon, regardless of the cause of lower eyelid retraction. Another four eyelids with epiblepharon associated with TAO resolved after only orbital decompression. Cilia-everting sutures were additionally applied for epiblepharon in another 14 eyelids, 12 of which did not require the excision of a skin fold or the orbicularis muscles. Only one eyelid with mild retraction and epiblepharon underwent simple epiblepharon repair. Recurrence of retraction or epiblepharon developed in three eyelids during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In cases with both lower eyelid retraction and epiblepharon, the retraction should be repaired first, and then the epiblepharon can be corrected selectively according to the severity of the case.

Oftalmopatia na doença de Graves: revisão da literatura e correção de deformidade iatrogênica / Graves disease ophthalmopathy: literature revision and surgical correction of an iatrogenic deformity

Introdução: A oftalmopatia de Graves é doença auto-imune. A cirurgia para expandir e descomprimir a órbita está reservada a apenas 5% dos casos. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura referente a fisiopatologia da doença, indicação do tratamento cirúrgico, técnicas existentes, bem como descrição de uma paciente com lesão iatrogênica cirúrgica. Relato do caso: Paciente com grave deformidade iatrogênica pós-cirurgia, para corrigir a oftalmopatiade Graves. Apresentava, exoftalmia, proptose bilateral e abertura iatrogênica ao nível do sulco das pálpebras superiores, exposição crônica da córnea. Foi tratada cirurgicamente com:osteotomia das paredes das órbitas e ressecção de gordura periocular e síntese dos tecidos palpebrais em três diferentes planos e dispostas de forma não coincidentes. Obtidos completo restabelecimento da integridade palpebral e regressão do exoftalmo. Conclusão: Revisão da literatura mostra que a oftalmopatia de Graves deve ser tratada em 95% dos casos clinicamente. O tratamento cirúrgico está reservado para os casos graves e na fase quiescente cicatricial da doença. A indicação cirúrgica inadequada do presente caso na primeira cirurgiadeve servir a todos nós de aprendizado. A expansão de três paredes orbitárias associada à lipectomia foi importante para aliviar a pressão sobre as pálpebras e corrigir a iatrogenia.

Introduction: Graves ophthalmopathy it is an autoimmune disease. Surgical treatment for expansion and decompression of the orbits are indicated in 5% of the patients. A literature revision has been done, related to the physiopathology, surgical treatment indication, criticalreview of the existing techniques and description of an iatrogenic surgical lesion and how it was corrected. Case report: Patient with an iatrogenic severe deformity, after surgery to correct Graves ophthalmopathy disease. She had bilateral exophthalmia and proptose and the overall thickness of the superior eyelids were open, with chronic exposition of the cornea. It was treated surgically with orbital walls osteotomy and orbital fat resection and synthesisof the eyelids tissues in three different planes in a way to avoid coincident plane suture. It was possible to obtain complete reestablishment of the continuity of the eyelid and regression of the exophthalmia. Conclusion: Literature revision showed that GravesOphthalmopathy should be treated clinically in 95% of the cases. Surgical treatment is indicated only for severe cases and in the resting healing phase of the disease. Improper surgical indication of the present case, at the first operation, should be of a teachingexperience to all of us. Surgical expansion of three walls of the orbits associated to orbital lipectomy was important to reduce the pressure over the eyelids and correct the iatrogenia.

Cirurgia endoscópica endonasal da órbita: revisão de 5 anos de casuística, resultados e complicações

Introdução: A cirurgia da órbita recebeu um grande impulso nas últimas décadas com o advento da endoscopia. O acesso endonasal possibilitou o avanço principalmente na cirurgia da oftalmopatia de Graves e da neuropatia traumática do nervo óptico. Objetivo: Apresentar nossa experiência com a cirurgia endoscópica endonasal da órbita, avaliando a casuística, os resultados e as complicações nos últimos três anos. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, de janeiro de 2003 a janeiro de 2008, dos 12 pacientes (21 órbitas) submetidos a cirurgia endonasal endoscópica da órbita. Os resultados foram avaliados com relação a acuidade visual, melhoria da proptose e complicações associadas. Técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas são descritas. Resultados: No período, foi realizada descompressão do nervo óptico em uma paciente com pseudotumor cerebral com melhora, após seis meses, de toda a avaliação oftalmológica, e em dois pacientes com baixa de acuidade visual devido à neuropatia traumática do nervo óptico, com melhora importante em um deles. A descompressão orbitária foi realizada em 18 órbitas de 9 pacientes portadores de exoftalmia de Graves. A média de redução da proptose foi de 3,87 mm(variando de 3,09 a 4,57 mm). A acuidade visual melhorou nos dois pacientes que apresentavam déficit pré-operatório. Diplopia ocorreu em uma paciente. Conclusões: A cirurgia orbitária por acesso endoscópio endonasal demonstrou-se um tratamento cirúrgico útil para inverter e prevenir deterioração visual e melhorar a proptose, com baixo índice de complicações. Portanto, acreditamos que esta abordagem merece consideração dos cirurgiões craniofaciais quandro frente a um paciente com estes problemas.

Effect of near-total thyroidectomy on thyroid orbitopathy due to toxic goiter

The relative merit of operation in the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy as well as the extent of surgical resection is still a matter of debate. This work aimed at reporting the assessment of the impact of near-total thyroidectomy on the course of ophthalmopathy including exophthalmos. A total of 20 patients, with thyrotoxic goiters suffering from mild to moderate exophthalmos were enrolled onto this prospective study. Preoperative evaluation of ophthalmopathy was accomplished through the NOSPECS classification, MRI scanning for measuring the extraocular muscle diameters and measurement of the exophthalmos using Hertel's exophthalmometer. Six months postoperatively, ophthalmopathy including exophthalmos was re-evaluated using the same parameters mentioned before. Clinical activity evaluation, exophthalmometry and extraocular muscles measurement by MRI revealed that the majority of the cases experienced improvement of their ophthalmopathy [65%]. This improvement was statistically significant In addition, no major postoperative complications were observed. However, the study, unlike a number of reported retrospective ones, failed to specify any statistically significant prognostic factors affecting the course of ophthalmopathy possibly due to the limited number of cases in general In addition, all of the cases were of relatively young age and thyrotoxic, and the majority were females and non-smoking. Beside the fact that near-total thyroidectomy adds the advantages of total thyroidectomy [no recurrence] to those of subtotal thy-roidectomy [low incidence of temporary and permanent hypoparathyroidism], it has a significant positive impact on thyroid-associated orbitopathy

Descompressão endoscópica orbitária na oftalmopatia de Graves / Orbital endoscopic decompression in Graves ophthalmopathy

A orbitopatia de Graves pode levar à exoftalmia significativa com alterações cosméticas até à própria perda visual. O tratamento cirúrgico desta doença era então realizado através de descompressão orbitária por via externa. Entretanto, técnicas minimamente invasivas através da descompressão orbitária por via endoscópica agora são possíveis, possibilitando a remoção da parede medial e inferior da órbita sem a realização de incisões cutâneas ou gengivais, permitindo a redução média da proptose comparável com as técnicas externas. Este artigo de revisão tem por objetivo descrever os passos técnicos em detalhe, enfocando suas vantagens e desvantagens. A descompressão orbitária por via endoscópica é um procedimento seguro e efetivo para o tratamento da exoftalmia tireoideana.

Estrabismo en orbitopatía / Strabismus in orbitopathy

Introducción: la fibrosis y contractura muscular determina la aparición de un estrabismo restrictivo. Objetivo: describir aspectos clínicos-radiológicos y resultados quirúrgicos en una serie de pacientes. Materiales y métodos: estudio retrospectivo de 22 pacientes operados en 2 centros clínicos entre 1990 y 2005 con tabulación de datos clínicos, mediciones en 9 posiciones, ducciones, resultados quirúrgicos y complicaciones. Además análisis doble-ciego clínico radiológico. Resultados: mayor prevalencia en mujeres (88 por ciento), (x) edad 57 años, síntoma inicial diplopia (100 por ciento). Compromiso muscular RI (72 por ciento), RM (63 por ciento), RS (22 por ciento), RL (9 por ciento). Grupos más frecuentes: RM bilateral (18.2 por ciento) y RI unilateral (16 por ciento). Resultado postoperatorio excelente (sin diplopia) 75 por ciento, satisfactorio (sin diplopia con prismas) 23 por ciento y malo (diplopia permanente) 2 por ciento. Correlación clínico-radiológica exacta (45 por ciento) y del principal músculo afectado (100 por ciento. Complicaciones: 33 por ciento ptosis palpebral inferior y 9.5 por ciento neuropatía óptica compresiva. Conclusión: el manejo estrabológico adecuado en orbitopatía de graves otorga en un alto porcentaje una mejoría de sus síntomas y mejor calidad de vida.

Introduction: fibrosis and muscular contracture results in restrictive strabismus. Objective: describe clinical-radiological features and surgery results in a group of patients. Methodology: retrospective study of 22 surgical patients treated in 2 ophthalmology institutes between 1990 and 2005. Ciinical data, 9 positions and duction study, surgical results and finally incidence of complications were all assesed. Also a double-blind clinical-radiological correlation was performed. Results: female were more affected (88 percent), mean age 57 years, initial sympton was diplopia en every case. Muscle involvement IR (72 percent), MR (63 percent), SR (22 percent), LR (9 percent). Most frequently muscle associations: both MRs (18.2 percent) and unilateral IR (16 percent). Postoperative results: excellent (diplopia free) 75 percent, satisfactory (diplopia corrected with prisms) 23 percent, bad (persistent diplopia) 2 percent. Exact clinical-radiological correlation (45 percent), mayor affected muscles correlation (100 percent). Complications: inferior palpebral ptosis (33 percent) and comprenssive optic neuropathy. Conclusions: adequate strabismus management in graves orbithopathy gives the patient symptomatic relief and better life quality in a high percentage of cases.

Comparação entre os resultados da descompressão orbitária antro-etmoidal isolada e associada à remoção de tecido adiposo / A comparative study between the results of antro-ethmoidal orbital decompression isolated and associated with orbital fat removal

OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados da descompressão orbitária antro-etmoidal isolada àqueles da mesma cirurgia associada à remoção de tecido orbitário em paciente com orbitopatia distiroidiana seqüelar. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 2 modalidades de descompressão orbitária. Ambas tiveram como indicação apenas a correção estética e do desconforto ocular dos pacientes. Todos pacientes se apresentavam na fase inativa da orbitopatia distiroidiana. Em um grupo de 12 pacientes (grupo 2) foram realizadas 19 cirurgias de descompressão orbitária antro-etmoidal isolada. No outro grupo (grupo 1) composto por 8 pacientes foram realizadas 10 cirurgias de descompressão óssea antro-etmoidal associada à remoção de aproximadamente 1 centímetro cúbico de tecido adiposo da órbita. Os resultados das cirurgias nos dois grupos foram comparados entre si. RESULTADOS: No grupo 2 a redução da proptose oscilou entre 1 e 5 mm (média 3,68±1,10 mm) e no grupo 1 variou de 1 a 5 mm (média 3,25±1,36 mm). CONCLUSÕES: Tanto a descompressão óssea isolada como aquela associada à remoção de tecido adiposo orbitário apresentam redução semelhante na proptose, não havendo diferença significativa entre elas. A remoção de gordura temporal inferior, em torno de 1 centímetro cúbico parece não aumentar a redução da proptose quando comparada com a cirurgia descompressiva óssea isolada. Porém fatores como a complacência de tecidos moles, a quantidade de gordura retirada e as janelas ósseas realizadas em cada grupo devem ser considerados na conclusão deste trabalho retrospectivo de comparação entre técnicas.