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1.
Rev. salud pública ; 19(6): 827-832, nov.-dic. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-962078

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La investigación en salud puede producir conocimientos valiosos para orientar las intervenciones de este tipo ofrecidas a individuos y grupos humanos. No obstante, requiere de especificidades para preservar del daño a sujetos de especial protección ante la ley, tales como las poblaciones pertenecientes a etnias indígenas. Por parte de las autoridades internacionales encargadas de trazar normas éticas para proyectos de investigación, se han reconocido conductas científicas poco éticas en investigaciones que involucran a pueblos indígenas. Por esta razón, se han proclamado principios sobre bioética de aplicación internacional para estos grupos poblacionales. Este artículo presenta, analiza y discute posicionamientos del orden nacional e internacional al respecto. En suma, el respeto por la autonomía y la defensa del conocimiento propio son derechos que deben cumplirse y ser tenidos en cuenta al momento de realizar investigaciones científicas con pueblos indígenas. Además del consentimiento informado individual y comunitario, el uso del proceso de consulta previa y concertación permite obtener una adecuada contextualización respecto a las perspectivas, marcos y conceptos a partir de los cuales se realizará la investigación; así como las problemáticas, necesidades y beneficios de la investigación en estos grupos poblacionales.(AU)


ABSTRACT Health research can produce valuable insights to guide interventions offered to individuals and human groups. However, it requires specific precautions to protect potentially vulnerable subjects, such as indigenous populations. It has been recognized that there has been unethical conduct in research -from the international authorities responsible for outlining ethical standards for research projects- with regards to indigenous peoples. This article presents and discusses national and international guidelines to regulate research involving indigenous peoples. In summary, respect for the autonomy and for the own knowledge are rights that must be met to carry out scientific research with indigenous peoples. In addition to the informed consent, the process of consultation and agreement allows adequate contextualization in relation to the problems, needs, and benefits of research in these populations.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Bioethical Issues , Health of Indigenous Peoples , Health Services Research/ethics , Human Rights , Colombia
2.
Rev. enferm. neurol ; 12(2): 60-61, may.-ago.-2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1034723

ABSTRACT

El término red tiene dos usos como un campo social constituido por relaciones entre personas. La palabra campo hace referencia a un concepto espacial que va asociado a cada punto o “integrante” como un valor determinado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Services Research/classification , Health Services Research/ethics , Health Services Research/history , Health Services Research/methods , Health Services Research
5.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 21(1): 159-176, 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-586053

ABSTRACT

O setor de saúde suplementar no Brasil vem experimentando, nos últimos anos, novos modelos de atenção à saúde. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar como os usuários percebem e se posicionam em relação à implantação da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) por uma operadora do tipo autogestão. Utilizando-se de grupos focais com usuários considerados "aderidos" e "não-aderidos" à ESF, a pesquisa revela que os usuários têm uma compreensão bastante clara do significado da estratégia, inclusive de seus fortes elementos racionalizadores, percebem as contradições e deficiências no seu processo de formulação e implantação e mantêm um elevado grau de autonomia na escolha dos serviços que lhe sejam mais adequados, muito influenciados pelo tipo de inserção que têm no estabelecimento bancário que mantém a operadora. O usuário percebe, ainda, o impasse da autogestão entre manter uma ampla rede credenciada de livre acesso ou conseguir avançar no sentido de fazer da ESF o eixo estruturante de sua rede assistencial.


The Brazilian supplemental health care sector has been experiencing new health care models in the last few years. This paper aims at featuring how users perceive and how they express themselves in relation to the deployment of a program known as Family Health Strategy (FHS) by a self-management health care provider. Through focal groups, the research reveals that users present a rather clear view on the meaning of strategy, including its remarkable rationalizing elements. In addition, they percept contradictions as well as deficiencies in the formulation and deployment process, and they keep a high level of autonomy in the choice for more adequate services, which are greatly influenced by the type of insertion that they exert in the bank institution that maintains the health care service provider. Users also perceive the predicament presented by self-management regarding the maintenance of a broad authorized free access network and the advance towards turning FHS into the structuring backbone of its assistance network.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Services Accessibility/trends , Health Services Accessibility/ethics , Health Services Research/methods , Health Services Research , Health Services Research/ethics , Prepaid Health Plans/economics , Prepaid Health Plans/standards , Prepaid Health Plans/organization & administration , Consumer Behavior/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil , Technological Development/economics , Technological Development/methods , Technological Development/policies , Technological Development/prevention & control , Technological Development/ethics , Equity in Access to Health Services , Total Quality Management , Organizational Innovation/economics , Technological Development and Innovation Projects , Family Health/ethnology
6.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 21(2): 517-539, 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-596065

ABSTRACT

Apresentamos uma revisão de bibliografia internacional que teve por objetivo identificar e analisar a diversidade de temas associados à Atenção Primária à Saúde, especialmente o cotidiano de trabalho de seus profissionais, suas diretrizes e seus desafios políticos e clínicos. Analisamos os resumos de 105 artigos publicados entre 1999 e 2009. Selecionamos, para análise, 34 artigos identificados de acordo com critérios específicos. Criamos categorias temáticas e comparamos os dados com certa literatura brasileira sobre o tema. Os artigos centram-se no profissional de medicina e enfatizam a noção de medicina baseada em evidências. Abordam principalmente a implementação de diretrizes na Atenção Primária e as relações entre profissionais e usuários. Admitem a complexidade da Atenção Primária e a importância de aproximação à realidade dos pacientes. Entretanto, não abordam a intersetorialidade, não questionam radicalmente o especialismo curativista e não mencionam a promoção de cidadania, autonomia e cogestão junto aos usuários. Falam da necessidade de abordar problemas "humanos" nos níveis de implementação de diretrizes, encontro clínico etc., mas se mostram distanciados das ciências humanas.


We present a review of international literature, aiming at identifying and analyzing the diversity of themes associated to Primary Health Care. We focused on the characteristics of the work of health care personnel, its guidelines and its political and clinical challenges. We analyzed the abstracts of 105 articles published between 1999 and 2009. Then, we integrally read and analyzed 34 articles, creating thematic categories. We compared data to Brazilian literature on the subject. The articles focus on physician's work and emphasize the notion of evidence-based medicine. They mainly approach the implementation of guidelines to primary health care and the professional-patient relations. They acknowledge the complexity of Primary Care and the importance of patient-centered care. However, they do not mention integrated actions with other public policies. The authors do not radically overthrow the cure-centered specialism and they do not write about fostering patients' participation, autonomy and empowerment. They acknowledge the need to approach "human" issues at the levels of guidelines implementation, clinical practices etc. Nevertheless, in general, these authors are far from the social sciences.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care/economics , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Primary Health Care , Health Planning Guidelines , Evidence-Based Medicine/ethics , Evidence-Based Medicine/instrumentation , Health Services Research/ethics , Health Services Research , Health Personnel/organization & administration , Health Personnel/psychology , Health Services Research , Brazil , Review Literature as Topic , Physician-Patient Relations/ethics , Systems for Evaluation of Publications
7.
Brasília méd ; 46(supl.1)2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-540125

ABSTRACT

O pesquisador que desenvolve estudos no campo da pesquisa social envolve, necessariamente, o ser humano como objeto de investigação, seja qual for o objetivo proposto. Por essa razão, encontra-se diante do campo da subjetividade das interações produzidas nesse contexto. Trabalha, ainda, com fenômenos emergentes das relações sociais, suas representações e significados. A partir dessa constatação, neste artigo foram selecionados alguns tópicos que envolvem a pesquisa social de abordagem qualitativa, tomando-se a ética como referencial. Para tanto, apresentase uma análise crítica referente aos aspectos que articulam o pesquisador em interação com o objeto e o sujeito da pesquisa; o cenário, o contexto e os sujeitos da investigação na pesquisa social, bem como os procedimentos que envolvem a coleta e a geração de dados. Não houve a intenção de apresentar um código de condutas que pudesse solucionar ou antecipar todos os problemas éticos relacionados ao campo da investigação, mas indicaram-se algumas práticas que podem orientar os pesquisadores no sentido de buscar ações investigativas adequadamente conduzidas do ponto de vista ético.


The researcher that develops studies in the of social research necessarily involves the human being as object of investigation, whatever are the proposed aims. Because of it, the researcher is in the of subjectivity of the interrelationship that emerges from this context, as well as works with the emerging phenomenon from the social interrelationships, its representations and meanings. From this premise, in this article were selected some topics about qualitative approach of the social research getting the ethics as a theoretical framework. Thus, it is presented a critical analysis about the aspects that articulates the researcher in interaction with the subject; the research setting,the context and subjects in social research and the procedures for data collection. In this perspective, it was not intended to present a code of conduct which would solve or anticipate all ethics dilemmas related to the of research, but to point some practices that could guide researchers to seek inquiry actions ethically conducted.


Subject(s)
Humans , Qualitative Research , Health Services Research/ethics , Health Care Surveys/ethics , Ethical Review , Ethics , Ethics, Research , Scientific Publication Ethics
8.
Medical Journal of Reproduction and Infertility. 2002; 3 (9): 65-70
in English, Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-60166

ABSTRACT

The questionnaire of morality in biotechnological research that has been drafted by this writer includes four sections dealing with various aspects of a research in this field. The first section contains general questions such as the aim and the anticipated achievement[s] of the research. The second section includes question concerning the subject. Regarding the human being as the subject of research the questionnaire is mainly concerned with such issues as informed consent, confidentiality, health and the safety of the subject. The third section is dealing with the issues of the safety and the health of researchers[s] themselves. Finally the forth section is concentrating on such questions as environmental concerns and the like. I have offered in this Article some explanations about moral principles underling the questionnaire


Subject(s)
Surveys and Questionnaires , Ethics, Research , Research Design , Religion , Mortality , Biomedical Research , Health Services Research/ethics , Health Services Research/legislation & jurisprudence , Informed Consent , Confidentiality/ethics , Confidentiality/legislation & jurisprudence
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