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1.
West Indian med. j ; 58(6): 585-588, Dec. 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672546

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features and outcome of pneumococcal meningitis in Jamaican children. METHODS: All patients admitted to the Bustamante Hospital for Children, during the period 1995-1999, who had pneumococcus isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or pleocytosis in association with a blood culture isolate of pneumococcus were selected. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. RESULTS: Twenty-five (23%) of 111 patients with pneumococcal infections satisfied criteria for meningitis. The median age was 8 months (range 0.5-60 months). There were 4 (16%) cases of sickle cell disease, 2 (50%) of whom were first diagnosed during the current illness. This represents a 53-fold increased risk of pneumoccocal meningitis in patients with Sickle-cell disease based on population prevalence rates. Oxacillin resistance occurred in 3 (12%) patients, one of whom died. Mortality rate was 12% (3) with all deaths occurring in infants < 1 year. Poor outcome occurred in 36% (9) of the patients. Of the (35%) 8 survivors who had follow-up evaluation, (38%) 3 had documented hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: Meningitis is a common clinical syndrome of invasive pneumococcal disease, occurring in 23% of cases resulting in mortality and high morbidity among Jamaican children. Local seroepidemiological studies are urgently needed to inform national vaccine decisions. As an interim plan, policymakers should consider a risk-based strategy to vaccine prophylaxis that will ensure that high risk groups such as children with sickle cell disease are offered currently available conjugate pneumococcal vaccines.


OBJETIVO: Describir las características clínicas y evolución de la meningitis meningocócica en niños jamaicanos. MÉTODOS: Se escogieron todos los pacientes que ingresaron al Hospital Infantil Bustamante, durante el período de 1995-1999, y que tuvieron pneumococos aislados del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) o pleocitosis asociada con un aislado de pneumococos en un cultivo de sangre. Se recogieron los datos demográficos y clínicos, así como los datos de laboratorio. RESULTADOS: Veinticinco (23%) de los pacientes con infecciones pneumocócicas correspondían a los criterios de la meningitis. La edad promedio fue de 8 meses (rango 0.5 - 60 meses). Hubo 4 (16%) casos de anemia falciforme, 2 (50%) de los cuales fueron diagnosticados primeramente durante la enfermedad corriente. Esto representa un aumento de riesgo de meningitis meningocócica 53 veces mayor en pacientes con anemia ciclémica, teniendo en cuenta las tasas de prevalencia poblacional. Se halló resistencia a la oxacilina en 3 (12%) pacientes, uno de los cuales murió. La tasa de mortalidad fue del 12% (3), correspondiendo todas las muertes a infantes < 1 año. Resultados pobres se produjeron en (9) 36% de los pacientes. De los 8 (35%) supervivientes que tuvieron evaluación de seguimiento, 3 (38%) tuvieron pérdida de la audición documentada. CONCLUSIONES: La meningitis es un síndrome clínico común de la enfermedad pneumocócica invasiva, que tiene lugar en 23 % de los casos, y que trae por consecuencia mortalidad y una alta morbilidad entre los niños jamaicanos. Se requieren con urgencia estudios seroepidemiológicos locales a fin de tener información para las decisiones nacionales sobre las vacunas. A modo de plan provisional, los encargados de trazar las políticas deben considerar una estrategia de riesgo para la profilaxis de vacuna, a fin de asegurar que los grupos de alto riesgo, tales como los niños con anemia falciforme, puedan tener a su alcance las vacunas pneumocócicas conjugadas actualmente disponibles.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Meningitis, Pneumococcal/mortality , Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications , Anemia, Sickle Cell/epidemiology , Hearing Loss/epidemiology , Hearing Loss/etiology , Hearing Loss/microbiology , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Incidence , Jamaica/epidemiology , Meningitis, Pneumococcal/complications
2.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-91944

ABSTRACT

Scrub typhus usually presents as pyrexia with or without multiple organ involvement. Acute hearing loss occurs in about one third of cases and is a useful clue toward the diagnosis. We present two cases of scrub typhus with acute reversible hearing loss from an endemic area. The diagnosis was confirmed by nested PCR.


Subject(s)
Acute Disease , Adult , Animals , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Doxycycline/therapeutic use , Female , Hearing Loss/microbiology , Humans , Insect Bites and Stings/microbiology , Male , Orientia tsutsugamushi/isolation & purification , Risk Factors , Scrub Typhus/complications , Trombiculidae/microbiology
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