ABSTRACT
Chikungunya fever is caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIK) and spread by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The median incubation period is 2 to 4 days. Vertical transmission of disease from mother to child has also been documented. Clinical manifestations are very variable, from asymptomatic illness to severe debilitating disease. Children are among the group at maximum risk for severe manifestations of the disease and some clinical features in this group are distinct from those seen in adults. Common clinical features include: abrupt onset high grade fever, skin rashes, minor hemorrhagic manifestations, arthralgia/ arthritis, lymphadenopathy, conjunctival injection, swelling of eyelids and pharyngitis. Unusual clinical features include: neurological manifestations including seizures, altered level of consciousness, blindness due to retrobulbar neuritis and acute flaccid paralysis. Watery stools may be seen in infants. Treatment is symptomatic. Generally non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are avoided. Paracetamol may be used for pain and fever. However, NSAIDS may be required for relief of severe arthralgia during convalescent phase.
Subject(s)
Alphavirus Infections/epidemiology , Alphavirus Infections/physiopathology , Arthritis/epidemiology , Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification , Child , Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/epidemiology , Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/physiopathology , HumansABSTRACT
As propriedades epidemiológicas, ecológicas, biológicas, patogenéticas e o diagnóstico do vírus Ébola e sua infecçåo, bem como seu controle såo apresentadas neste artigo. Embora seja um vírus endêmico em certas regiöes da Africa, o risco de disseminaçåo deste vírus para fora do continente africano tem despertado a atençåo e o interesse da comunidade médica mundial, e acionado a vigilåncia sanitária internacional para este vírus