Espectroscopia cerebral em candidatos a transplante hepático / Cerebral magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with hepatic encephalopathy: analysis before and after liver transplantation

OBJETIVOS: Determinar os níveis dos metabólitos (mio-inositol [MI], colina [Cho], glutamina [Glx], creatina [Cr] e N-acetilaspartato [NAA]) por meio da espectroscopia por ressonância magnética em portadores de hepatopatia crônica, antes e após o transplante hepático, correlacionando com a avaliação clínica. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados prospectivamente 25 pacientes portadores de hepatopatia crônica do Serviço de Transplante Hepático da Universidade Federal do Paraná por meio de avaliação clínica e espectroscópica. Trinta voluntários sadios formaram o grupo controle, sendo submetidos às mesmas avaliações. Dezesseis dos 25 pacientes também foram avaliados após o transplante. RESULTADOS: Antes do transplante hepático reduções significativas nos índices de MI/Cr e Cho/Cr e aumento significativo no índice de Glx/Cr foram observadas nos pacientes portadores de encefalopatia hepática comparados ao grupo controle. Os critérios quantitativos de Ross para diagnóstico espectroscópico da encefalopatia hepática (MI/Cr e Cho/Cr < média + 2 desvios padrão do grupo controle) demonstraram uma sensibilidade de 61,54 por cento, especificidade de 91,67 por cento e precisão de 76 por cento, sendo que a Cho/Cr foi o melhor parâmetro isolado. A espectroscopia após o transplante mostrou mudanças nos índices metabólicos comparados com o status pré-transplante. CONCLUSÃO: A espectroscopia permite um diagnóstico preciso da encefalopatia hepática. A melhora dos níveis metabólicos após o transplante hepático sugere um importante papel do MI e da Cho no desenvolvimento da encefalopatia hepática.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the metabolite levels (myo-inositol [MI], choline [Cho], glutamate [Glx], creatine [Cr] and N-acetylaspartate [NAA]) visible on magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with chronic hepatic failure, before and after liver transplantation and to correlate these data with results of neuropsychiatric tests and clinical findings. METHODS: Twenty five patients with chronic hepatic failure from the Liver Transplantation Unit of the Federal University of Parana were prospectively studied. Patients were submitted to clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Thirty healthy volunteers also submitted to the same evaluations. Sixteen of the 25 patients were evaluated after liver transplantation. RESULTS: Before liver transplantation, significant reductions in MI/Cr and Cho/Cr and a significant increase in Glx/Cr were observed in patients with hepatic encephalopathy compared with healthy subjects. The Ross's criteria for spectroscopic diagnosis of the hepatic encephalopathy (MI/Cr and Cho/Cr lower than 2 SD of controls) demonstrated a sensitivity of 61.54 percent, specificity of 91.67 percent and accuracy of 76 percent, further Cho/Cr was the best parameter. Spectroscopy after liver transplantation showed changes in the metabolite ratios compared with the pretransplantation status. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy permits an accurate diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy. Improvement of metabolic ratios after liver transplantation suggests an important role of MI and Cho in the development of hepatic encephalopathy.

Extra-hepatic biliary atresia preoperative and surgical assessment in 25; cases seen in Zaira

Admission in a seven year period of 25 infants with biliary atresia. We note that prelaparatomy percutaneous liver established the diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary atresia; which were confirmed at laparatomy. Fifty percent of the patients had liver cirrhosis before surgery. Therefore; bile drainage was not established in any of the 25 patients following hepatic surgery. Six (24 percent) died of hepatic failure during the period of follow-up. Factors responsible for the poor success rate of surgery included late presentation and grossly non correctible lesions