Survey of prevalence of hepatitis C in people aged 1-69 years in Henan Province, 2020 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the infection status and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C in people aged 1-69 years in Henan Province in 2020. Methods: The estimated sample size was 5 827. From August to December 2020, multistage sampling was used to select 8 counties (districts) in Henan, and two survey sites were selected in each county (district), and a questionnaire survey was conducted in local people aged 1-69 years, blood samples were collected from them for anti-HCV, HCV RNA and genotype detections. Results: A total of 5 165 people aged 1-69 years completed the questionnaire survey. Men accounted for 44.76% (2 312/5 165), women accounted for 55.24% (2 853/5 165). In the people aged 1-69 years, the overall prevalence rates of anti-HCV and HCV RNA were 0.69% (95%CI: 0.68%-0.70%) and 0.20% (95%CI: 0.19%-0.21%) respectively. The prevalence rates of anti-HCV and HCV RNA were 0.48% (95%CI: 0.46%-0.50%), 0.09% (95%CI: 0.08%-0.10%) in men and 0.86% (95%CI: 0.85%-0.87%), 0.30% (95%CI: 0.28%-0.32%) in women. The prevalence rates of anti-HCV and HCV RNA increased with age. The prevalence rates of anti-HCV and HCV RNA were 0.87% (95%CI: 0.86%-0.88%), 0.28% (95%CI: 0.26%-0.30%) in urban residents and 0.53% (95%CI: 0.51%-0.55%), 0.14% (95%CI: 0.13%-0.15%) in rural residents. The genotyping results of 10 HCV RNA positive samples ware genotype 1b (4/10), genotype 2 (3/10), genotype 1b/3 (1/10), genotype 1b/3/6 (1/10) and genotype 2/6 (1/10). Conclusions: The prevalence of hepatitis C was low in Henan in 2020. It is necessary to strengthen hepatitis C surveillance in people aged 40 years and above. The major HCV genotypes were 1b and 2, and mixed genotype infection existed.

Pegylated interferon alfa 2a and small dose ribavirin in the treatment of HCV genotype 4 in end-stage renal disease

As hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection is a major health problem in patients with end-stage renal disease [ESRD]. Explore the response rate and adverse effects of pegylated interferon and ribavirin in treating HCV genotype 4 in patients withend stage renal disease [ESRD] waiting renal transplantation. This study included 24 patients with ESRD and active HCV infection as detected by clinical, sonographic, biochemical, serological, virological and histological examination with liver biopsy. All patients were under hemodialysis with HCV antibodies positive > 6 months. Viral genotyping and both qualitative and quantitative PCR were carried out before starting therapy. Treatment was continued for 48 weeks using pegasys 135 micro g weekly and ribavirin 200 mg daily. The biochemical and virological responses were evaluated regularly during and after treatment. The sustained virological response [SVR] being evaluated 24 weeks later. The side effects were monitored throughout the treatment period. Rapid virological response [RVR] after week 4 was achieved in 11/24 [46%] patients. The sustained virological response [SVR] was achieved in 16/24 [66.7%] patients. No break through or relapses were detected during and after treatment respectively. Correlation was found between the viral load before treatment and that at week 4 with p < 0.001and at 12 weekand between the reduction of hemoglobin and the reduction of viral load at week 12 with p < 0.045. Genotype 4 HCV patients with ESRD can be considered for therapy pre-operatively to overcome all the morbidities associated with persistence of HCV after renal transplantation provided that the general condition, the hematological parameters and all other factors of treatment allowed such therapy

Study of antibody recognition pattern of HCV by western blot method.

HCV is a positive strand RNA virus, and is a member of the Family Flaviviridie. HCV show substantial nucleotide sequence variability distributed throughout the viral genome, particularly the HVR1 region that is suggested to be immunogenic in humans. HVR1 is the most heterogeneous region within the E2 genome and peptide corresponding to this region, can be detected by homologous sera. To study the serum reactivity to peptides obtained from HVR1 region of the E2 region of the HCV genome, western blot can be performed in place of Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA), if the expressed recombinant protein is insoluble & cannot be extracted or purified from the host cell.

Genetically engineered single-chain Fvs of human immunoglobulin against hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid protein derived from universal phage display library.

Specific single-chain Fvs (scFvs) of human immunoglobulin that specifically recognized the recombinant hepatitis C virus (HCV) nucleocapsid protein were isolated from a large phage display antibody library. This universal library of genetically engineered filamentous phagemids displayed random pairings of the variable regions of both human heavy and light chain immunoglobulin in the scFv format. Specific clones were isolated by affinity selection with purified recombinant HCV protein fused to glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The GST-specific clones were excluded by blocking the phagemid library with GST prior to the selection. After 4 rounds of selection, the HCV-reactive clones were enriched by a factor of 100,000. About 4% and 9% of the clones from rounds 4 and 5, respectively, specifically reacted to the HCV portion of the fusion protein in an enzyme immunoassay. The specificity was confirmed by specific binding inhibition with plasma from an HCV-infected individual. Nucleotide sequence analysis of 3 HCV-specific clones indicated that all 3 clones contained an almost identical VH gene sequence which was derived from the VH3 germline gene family. These clones had different VL gene sequences of the lambda type. There were some differences between nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the HCV-specific scFv genes and those of the closest matched germline genes, indicating the presence of somatic mutation. This study illustrated the feasibility of using antibody engineering technology with the universal phage display library to isolate human antibodies with predefined specificity to important microbial pathogen which may be useful for future therapeutic purpose.

Genomic characterization of Brazilian hepatitis C virus genotypes 1a and 1b

Parts of 5' non-coding (5' NC) and of E1 envelope regions of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome were amplified from sera of 26 Brazilian anti-HCV antibody-positive patients using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fourteen samples were PCR positive with primers from the 5'NC region and 8 of them were also positive with primers from the E1 region. A genomic segment of 176 bp from the E1 region of 7 isolates was directly sequenced from PCR products. The sequences were compared with those of HCV strains isolated in other countries and the Brazilian isolates were classified by phylogenetic analysis into genotypes 1a and 1b. This could have a clinical importance since it has been shown that individuals infected with type 1 viruses are less likely to respond to treatment with interferon than individuals infected with types 2 and 3 viruses. Two quasispecies isolated from the same patient with an interval of 13 months differed by two base substitutions (1.1 per cent). The sequence of another isolate presented a three-nucleotide deletion at codon 329.