Hernia de Spiegel. A propósito de un caso / Spiegelian hernia. A propos of a case

RESUMEN La hernia de Spiegel es un defecto raro de la pared abdominal. Su diagnóstico se hace muy difícil por lo infrecuente y por la dificultad para diferenciarla de la hernia inguinal supravesical. Precisamente, por lo poco común, los médicos muchas veces no valoran seriamente la presencia de esta variedad de hernia. Constituye una patología en la que el diagnóstico al igual que el resto de las hernias de la pared abdominal, es esencialmente clínico. El objetivo de este trabajo es informar un caso con un tipo de hernia poco común. Paciente de 50 años de edad, de color de piel blanca, obesa, multípara de procedencia urbana, con antecedentes personales patológico de relativa buena salud. Acudió a consulta por presentar dolor en la región inferior derecha, en la unión del flanco derecho con el mesogastrio, desde hacía varios meses. Fue diagnosticada con una hernia de Spiegel. Se le realizaron los estudios correspondientes fue intervenida quirúrgicamente realizándose hernioplastia.

ABSTRACT Spiegelian hernia is a rare defect of the abdominal wall. Its diagnosis is very difficult because of its infrequency and the difficult of differentiating it from the supravesical inguinal hernia. Precisely due to its infrequence the doctors usually do not seriously evaluate the presence of this kind of hernia. It is a pathology in which, like in the rest of the abdominal wall hernias, the diagnosis is essentially clinical. The aim of this work is to report a case of a patient with an uncommon kind of hernia: a female, obese, multiparous, white patient, aged 50 years, from urban precedence, with personal pathological antecedents of relatively good health, assisted the consultation presenting pain in the right inferior region, in the place where the right flank meets the mesogastrium for several months. She was diagnosed a Spiegel's hernia. The correspondent studies were carried out and she underwent a hernioplasty.

Caracterización de pacientes operados de hernias abdominales externas en un centro de diagnóstico venezolano / Characterization of patients operated due to external abdominal hernias in a Venezuelan diagnosis center

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y de corte transversal de los 747 pacientes operados de hernias abdominales externas en el Centro de Diagnóstico Integral La Atlántida del Estado Vargas, de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, desde abril de 2013 hasta diciembre de 2017 con el objetivo de caracterizarles según variables de interés para la investigación. En la serie predominaron el sexo masculino (75,1 por ciento), el grupo etario de 51-60 años (37,8 por ciento), la hipertensión arterial como principal comorbilidad (32,0 por ciento), la hernia inguinal como variedad más frecuente (63,7 por ciento), además de la reparación con prótesis sin tensión (malla) como proceder más empleado y sin recidiva herniaria (72,6 por ciento); asimismo, las complicaciones estuvieron dentro del rango internacional aceptado (5,1 por ciento) y el edema del cordón resultó ser la más común.

A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study of the 747 operated patients due to external abdominal hernias in La Atlántida Comprehensive Diagnosis Center from Vargas State, of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela was carried out from April, 2013 to December, 2017 with the objective of characterizing them according to variables of interest for the investigation. In the series the male sex (75.1 percent), the age group 51-60 years (37.8 percent, the hypertension as the main comorbidity (32.0 percent), the inguinal hernia as the most frequent variety (63.7 percent), besides the repair with prosthesis without tension (mesh) as the most used procedure and without hernia relapse (72.6 percent) prevailed; also, the complications were within the accepted international range (5.1 percent) and the edema of the cord turned out to be the most common.

Alta prevalencia de hernias abdominales en pacientes con síndrome velocardiofacial / High incidence of abdominal wall hernias in patients with velocardiofacial syndrome

Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) is due to a microdeletion on chromosome region 22q11.2. Clinically, it is characterized by congenital anomalies and psychiatric and cognitive manifestations. The most common structural defects are congenital heart disease and palatal anomalies, both due to abnormal development of the pharyngeal pouches. Another less studied manifestation is abdominal wall hernias. Objective: To characterize the frequency and types of hernias in patients with VCFS, and their association with congenital cardiopathies and palatine abnormalities. Patients and Methods: 202 patients were evaluated by direct clinical examination and questionnaire about their phenotypic characteristics. Results were compared to those found in the literature. Results: Age range was 0.5 to 48.4 years old (mean 11.9 years), 50.4 percent were females. Twenty two percent of patients had abdominal wall hernias. Of these, 49.1 percent were inguinal and 40.3 percent, umbilical. Conclusion: Patients with VCFS have a higher incidence of abdominal hernias than general population, described as approximately 5 percent. This is another common manifestation of the syndrome, not attributable to defects in development of pharyngeal pouches and with unknown pathogenesis.

El síndrome velocardiofacial (SVCF) se debe a una microdeleción en la región cromosómica 22q11.2. Clínicamente, se caracteriza por anomalías congénitas y manifestaciones siquiátricas y cognitivas. Entre las malformaciones más comunes, están las cardiopatías congénitas y anomalías palatinas, por defectos en el desarrollo de las bolsas faríngeas. Otra manifestación menos estudiada son las hernias de la pared abdominal. Objetivo: Caracterizar la frecuencia y tipos de hernias en pacientes con SVCF y su asociación con cardiopatías congénitas y anomalías del paladar. Pacientes y Método: Evaluamos 202 pacientes mediante un examen clínico directo y un cuestionario sobre sus características fenotípicas. Comparamos los resultados con la información de la literatura. Resultados: El rango de edad fue de 0,5 a 48,4 años (media de 11,9 años), 50,4 por ciento de sexo femenino. El 22 por ciento de los pacientes presentó hernias de la pared abdominal. De estas, el 49,1 por ciento fueron inguinales y el 40,3 por ciento, umbilicales. La frecuencia de hernias en los pacientes con SVCF es significativamente mayor que la descrita para la población general, aproximadamente un 5 por ciento. Esta es una manifestación común del síndrome, que no es atribuible a defectos del desarrollo de las bolsas faríngeas y cuya patogenia no ha sido definida.

Hernia asintomáiica de pared abdominal como halazgo durante cirugía laparoscóppica ginecológica / Asymptomatic hernia of the abdominal wall as a finding during laparoscopic gynecological surgery

OBJETIVO: Conocer la incidencia y determinar la factibilidad del diagnóstico de hernias asintomáticas de pared abdominal, como hallazgo durante cirugía laparoscópicas por causa ginecológica. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo de 100 pacientes ingresadas para cirugía ginecológica laparoscópica, en las cuales se descartó hernia de pared abdominal mediante la anamnesis y examen físico en la evaluación preoperatoria. Se observó rutinariamente la pared abdominal durante la laparoscopia, buscando defectos herniarios. RESULTADO: De las 100 pacientes ingresadas al estudio, se constató 1 caso de hernia de pared abdominal (hernia inguinal indirecta). CONCLUSIÓN: La incidencia para el grupo estudiado, fue de 1 hernia de pared abdominal asintomática (1%), encontrada como hallazgo durante un procedimiento laparoscópico por causa ginecológica. Los defectos de pared abdominal pueden constituir, aunque escasos, un hallazgo durante la cirugía laparoscópica ginecológica. Se discute la necesidad de reparación durante el acto quirúrgico primario.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of diagnosing hernial abdominal wall defect and to find out the incidence of asymptomatic abdominal wall hernias like finding during laparoscopic gynecologic surgeries. METHOD: Prospective study of 100 consecutive laparoscopic gynecologic surgeries in which a thorough visualization of the abdominal wall and the areas of common wall defects were examined during surgery. None of the patients had symptoms or physical findings suggestive of hernias in the preoperative evaluation. RESULTS: Only one abdominal wall hernia was found in this series (1 in a 100). The defect was an indirect right inguinal hernia. CONCLUSIONS: A complete examination of the abdominal wall during gynecologic laparoscopy allows the diagnosis of asymptomatic hernias. The incidence of hernia found in this series was 1%. The necessity of repair during the same surgical act is discussed.

Joints hypermobility in patients with abdominal wall hernias

To study the relationship between joint hypermobility syndrome and abdominal wall hernias. 50 subjects with different types of abdominal wall hernias were compared with 50 subjects of age and sex matched control without hernia; they were studied for the presence of an associated joint hypermobility, associated joints complaints as well as other clinical features which are associated with joint hypermobility. The degree of hypermobility was determined by the methods described by Carter and Wilkinson for the presence of joint hypemoblity and modified by Beighton et al [Thumbs apposition to the flexor aspect of the forearm, little fingers hyperextension, hyperextension of the elbows and knees and forward flexion of the trunk]. There were no differences between the prevalence of the predisposing factors to hernia or the associated clinical features with joint hypermobility, between the two groups. The differeces between the total mobility score [P=0.0519] and the percent frequency distribution [0.0018] of those with normal mobility and subjects with hypermobile joints in both groups was statistically signifcant. An association between abdominal wall hernias and joint hypermobility may be proposed. More studies recruiting larger number of patients may throw more light on this issue. Currently advising subjects with increased joints laxity and hypermobility to avoid predisposing factors for the development of abdominal wall hernias may be of benefit