Hernia de Garengeot: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / De Garengeot hernia: a case report and literature review

INTRODUCTION: Femoral hernias have a high risk of strangulation or obstruction, and their acute presentations are associated with a high risk of mortality, occurring in up to 60% of cases with complications. The presence of the appendix within the femoral sac has been described in a maximum of 1% of cases, which has been called Garengeot hernia, but only 0.08% with concomitant appendicitis. CASE REPORT: Woman 56 years old, cholecystectomized, with no other relevant history, 5 months of evolution, right femoral region volume increase, consultation for 24 hours of evolution of habitual pain exacerbation, CT scan showing complicated hernia, with appendix inside of the hernial sac. The right inguinal approach is performed, the cecal appendix is the only content within the hernial sac, with signs of acute appendicitis, appendectomy and hernia repair with Prolene mesh. Diagnosis is confirmed with biopsy. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Acute appendicitis within De Garengeot's hernia is extremely rare and often difficult to diagnose. The diagnosis of a femoral hernia appendicitis is often obscured by nonspecific clinical findings that indicate a complicated hernia. Computed tomography may be useful to definitively diagnose acute appendicitis contained within a femoral hernia. It is important to always consider De Garengeot hernia as a differential diagnosis in patients with inguinal mass of acute pain, so as not to delay its detection and management.

Inflamed Appendix in an Incarcerated Femoral Hernia / Apéndice inflamado en una hernia femoral incarcerada

ABSTRACT The presence of appendicitis in an incarcerated femoral hernia is an extremely rare occurrence, known as De Garengeot's hernia, with potentially serious complications. An incarcerated femoral hernia was noticed intraoperatively, and the hernial sac, closely fused with femoral blood vessels, contained the phlegmonously inflamed vermiform appendix. Appendectomy and mesh hernioplasty were carried out. The postoperative period was uneventful.

RESUMEN La presencia de apendicitis en una hernia femoral incarcerada es una condición extremadamente rara, conocida como hernia de Garengeot, la cual presenta complicaciones potencialmente serias. Una hernia femoral incarcerada fue observada intraoperativamente, y el saco herniario, estrechamente fusionado con los vasos sanguíneos femorales, contenía el apéndice vermiforme con una inflamación flemónica. Se realizaron una apendicectomía y una hernioplastia con malla. El período postoperatorio se desarrolló sin problemas.

Fascitis necrotizante de la pared abdominal como presentación infrecuente de una hernia de Garengeot: caso clínico / Necrotizing fasciitis caused by a Garengeot's hernia: case report

Garengeot's hernia corresponds to the presence of the appendix within a femoral hernia, associated or not with acute appendicitis. The diagnosis of this uncommon situation is usually done during surgery. Furthermore, the clinical presentation as necrotizing fasciitis is a rare condition. We report a 54 years old obese hypertensive woman with rheumatoid arthritis of 40 years of evolution treated with methotrexate and prednisone. She consulted for pain and erythema in the right inguinal region. Laboratory revealed leukocytosis and an elevated C-reactive Protein. Suspecting a cellulitis, the patient was admitted for antimicrobial therapy. A pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed a perforated acute appendicitis in an inguinal hernia with extensive pelvic cellulitis associated with signs of fasciitis. At surgery, an extensive groin and pubic fasciitis was evident, with a necrotic and perforated appendix within a femoral hernia. Surgical debridement, open appendectomy, and femoral hernioplasty without mesh were carried out. Vacuum-assisted closure was installed in the coverage defect. Three surgical debridement procedures were required for the closure of the wound. Two weeks after the first surgical procedure, the patient was discharged in good condition. During the follow-up, she evolved with a surgical wound dehiscence, which was managed with wound dressings until closure.

Hernia femoral de Littré estrangulada: reporte de caso clínico / Strangulated Littré femoral hernia: case report

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar un caso de hernia femoral de Littré estrangulada. Caso clínico: Hombre de 86 años, que consultó por cuadro de dolor abdominal periumbilical postraumático de 4 días de evolución que se acompañaba de vómitos y ausencia de deposiciones con tránsito de gases conservado. Destacaba al examen masa dolorosa e indurada de 3 cm de diámetro no reductible bajo arcada inguinal derecha. Se realizó una herniorrafia femoral con abordaje preperitoneal, identificando una hernia de Littré estrangulada y realizándose una resección intestinal más reparación tisular del defecto herniario. Conclusión: Las hernias de Littré femorales son una entidad extremadamente rara y el manejo quirúrgico óptimo no está establecido.

Abstract Objective: To present a case of strangulated Littré femoral hernia. Clinical case: 86 years old man with 4 days of post-traumatic periumbilical abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting and absence of stools with gas transit preserved. Examination highlighted a painful and indurated mass of 3 cm in diameter that it was not reducible below right inguinal arch. A femoral hernia repair with preperitoneal approach was performed by identifying a strangulated Littré hernia performing bowel resection and tissue repair of the hernia defect. Conclusion: Littré femoral hernias are an extremely rare entity and optimal surgical management is not established.

Hernia femoral como complicación posterior a una colecistectomía laparoscópica / Femoral hernia a complication posterior to a laparoscopic cholecystectomy

ResumenLa cirugía laparoscópica constituye uno de los grandes avances de la cirugía en el siglo XX, al poder realizar muchos de los procedimientos que se realizan en la cirugía abierta, con las ventajas de producir menor morbilidad, una recuperación más rápida y menos dolorosa, para que el paciente se reintegreen el menor tiempo posible a su vida normal.La incidencia de complicaciones relacionadas con el neumoperitoneo al realizar la laparoscopía es bastante baja, entre estas las más comunes son secundarias ala colocación incorrecta de la aguja de Veress durante la insuflación y las relacionadas con el sistema cardiorrespiratorio.Sin embargo, también ocurren complicaciones infrecuentes, como la formación de hernias posterior al neumoperitoneo. En este tipo de complicación intervienen ciertos factores predisponentes, como lo son un saco preformado, elevación de la presión intraabdominal y el debilitamiento de los músculos y tejidos del cuerpo.Se presenta el caso de una paciente, la cual se sometió a una cirugía laparoscópica, posterior a la cual presentó una hernia femoral encarcelada.

AbstractLaparoscopy procedure is one of the great achievements of surgery in the 20th century. Through Laparoscopy, a surgeon is able to perform many of the procedures that are achievable through open-surgery with the added advantages of producing lower morbidity rates and a shorter, less painfulrecovery period, thus reducing the timeframe in which the patient can return back to his/her normal life.The incidence of pneumoperitoneum-related complications associated to the use of laparoscopy is quite low. Among the most common complications are: the incorrect placement of the Veress needle during insufflation and thecomplications related to the cardio-respiratory system.However, there are other less frequent complications such as post-pneumoperitoneum formation of hernias. Certain pre-existing conditions might intervene with this type of complications such as: pre-formed sack, higher intraabdominal pressure and a weaker body muscle/tissue.A case is presented for a patient that developed an encapsulated femoral hernia after undergoing laparoscopysurgery.

Cirugía laparoscópica de una hernia de Garengeot: presentación poco frecuente de una hernia crural / Laparoscopic Surgery of a Garengeot's Hernia: A rare presentation of a crural hernia

Introducción: La hernia de Garengeot es una rara presentación de una hernia crural. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 64 años de edad, que consultó por dolor en fosa ilíaca derecha. Se le realizó una tomografía axial, que mostró un proceso inflamatorio en cuadrante inferior derecho del abdomen. Se le practicó una laparoscopia exploradora, encontrando el apéndice cecal en el anillo crural. Se realizó apendicectomía y reparación de la hernia vía laparoscópica. En nuestra revisión este es el tercer caso publicado en el mundo de resolución laparoscópica, y el primero en Chile.

Background: Garengeot's hernia is a rare presentation of a femoral hernia. Case report: We report a case of a 64 year-old female patient complaining of right lower abdominal pain. She was studied by CT-Scan that showed an inflammatory process in right lower cuadrant. We made an exploratory laparoscopy and found the cecal appendix in the crural defect. We did a laparoscopic appendectomy and crural hernia repair with mesh. To our knowledge, this is the third laparoscopic case published in the world and the first of Chile.

Hernia femoral complicada: presentación de un caso en un Centro Diagnóstico Integral, Venezuela / Complicated femoral hernia: presentation of a case in an integral diagnostic centre, Venezuela

La hernia femoral se presenta entre el 2 y el 5 por ciento de los casos, por lo que no se presenta con frecuencia. Se observa con un mayor predominio en las mujeres, pues generalmente evolucionan a complicaciones con elevada incidencia hacia la estrangulación. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 45 años de edad, con una hernia femoral complicada de 3 días de evolución, a la cual se le realizó una intervención quirúrgica de urgencia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir los elementos clínicos, resultados de exámenes complementarios, hallazgos quirúrgicos, intervención quirúrgica realizada y la evolución de este caso en el servicio de Cirugía General del Centro Diagnóstico Integral-UD1 parroquia Caricuao, municipio Libertador, Estado Distrito Capital Venezuela, en el mes de marzo de 2010. Se concluye que el diagnóstico y una intervención quirúrgica precoz contribuyen a disminuir la morbilidad y la mortalidad de estos pacientes. La técnica con plug de Lichtenstein ha permitido obtener un menor índice de complicaciones y recidivas, por lo cual su empleo debe considerarse como tratamiento de elección en las hernias crurales que se intervienen, tanto de forma urgente como electiva

The femoral hernia appears between 2-5 percent of the cases, one does not appear frequently, it is observed with a greater predominance in the women, evolve generally to complications with high incidence towards the throttling. The case of a feminine patient of 45 years of age with a complicated femoral hernia of 3 days of evolution appears, to which an emergency operation was realised to him. The objective of this work was To describe the clinical elements, surgical results of complementary examinations, findings, operation realised and the evolution of this case in the service of General Surgery of the Center Integral Diagnosis-UD1 Caricuao parish, Liberating municipality Been Capital District Venezuela in the 10 month March of the 2010. One concludes that the diagnosis and a precocious operation contributes to diminish the morbidity and the mortality of these patients. The technique with plug of Lichtenstein has allowed to obtain a smaller index of complications and recidivas, thus thus its use must be considered like treatment of election in the crurales hernias that are found as much of urgent form as elective

A Case of Intestinal Obstruction Caused by Strangulated Femoral Hernia Accompanying Soft Tissue Necrosis / 대한소화기학회지

Intestinal obstruction involves a partial or complete blockage of the bowel which results in the failure of intestinal contents to pass through. The mechanical causes of obstruction may include the followings: hernias, postoperative adhesions or scar tissue, impacted feces, gallstones, tumors, granulomatous processes, intussusception, volvulus, foreign bodies, and etc. Hernias are the third leading cause of intestinal obstruction by 10% approximately. However, most hernias are the cases with abdominal wall, inguinal or internal hernia. Femoral, obturator, lumbar, or sciatic hernia as the cause of obsturction is rare. Furthermore, the cases accompanying soft tissue necrosis are seldomly reported. Herein, we report a case of intestinal obstruction caused by strangulated femoral hernia accompanying soft tissue necrosis in a 78-years-old female patient.

Hernia femoral: estudio de la pared posterior del canal inguinal / Study of the posterior wall of inguinal channel in patients with femoral hernia

El objeto del presente estudio es describir la anatomía de la pared posterior del conducto inguinal (PPCI) y los hallazgos anatomopatológicos en estos pacientes. Se trata de estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, que se efectuó en 23 pacientes, 5 varones y 18 mujeres, intervenidos consecutivamente por hernia femoral a partir del mes Julio de 2000, en el Centro de Referencia de Salud Cordillera Oriente. La vía de abordaje fue inguinal y se asoció a una disección de las estructuras del canal inguinal estableciendo el trayecto y modo de inserción del tracto iliopúbico (TIP) y de la aponeurosis del músculo transverso (AMT) en el ligamento pectíneo y la presencia de hernias o debilidad de la pared posterior del canal inguinal. Tanto la inserción del TIP como la de la AMT estuvieron desplazadas hacia medial, rodeando el canal de la hernia. En 8 casos se apreció una debilidad manifiesta de la PPCI y en 10 (43,4 por ciento) una hernia inguinal. En 1 paciente se encontró una hernia inguinal directa y en 9 hernias lipomatosas de diversos tamaño que emergían por el anillo inguinal profundo o a través de la pared posterior debilitada. Concluimos que las hernias inguinales son frecuentes y que la PPCI está debilitada en los pacientes con hernia femoral. Estos hallazgos explican al desgarro de la PPCI observada en 3 de nuestros pacientes al suturar el TIP al ligamento pectíneo. No se puede descartar que la herniorrafia femoral saturando el TIP al ligamento pectíneo acreciente la debilidad de la PPCI.

Strangulated femoral hernia presenting as parietal wall emphysema.

Surgical emphysema of abdominal and thoracic wall, along with features of intestinal obstruction, has not been reported as a complication of strangulated femoral hernia. We report a 31-year-old woman with such a presentation.

Gangrenous Richter's hernia with intrasac abscess.

A 43 year old female was admitted with features of intestinal obstruction. On laparotomy, a strangulated Richter's hernia with an abscess within an incisional hernial sac through a previous lower segment caesarean section scar was diagnosed. Resection and anastomosis was performed. Strangulated Richter's hernia is a rare entity making up 8.3% of all strangulated hernias. There have been reports of Richter's hernia with strangulation in inguinal hernia, femoral hernia and port hernia after laparoscopic surgery but none so far in an incisional hernia.

Apendicite em hérnia femoral com formação de fístula estercoral / Stercoral fistula formation in femoral hernia with appendicitis

The presentation of acute appendicitis in femoral hernia is rare. The gastrointestinal symptons are overshadowed by the local findings. This may lead to delayed diagnosis and complications such as formation of fistula. The authors report a case of a 76-year-old female patient which presented with stercoral fistula after drainage of a right groin abscess ten months earlier

Eficacia del acceso posterior para herniorrafia inguinal y crural / Effectiveness of posterior approach surgical technique for inguinal and femoral hernia repairs

Se revisaron las historia clínicas de 60 pacientes con herniorrafia inguinal y/o crural desde 1993 a 1995, luego se entgrevistó y examinó, a cada uno de los pacientes para estimar la eficacia del acceso posterior a través de sus recidivas y conocer los indicadores promedio y prcentuales asociados a este acceso. Se encontró: 3 por ciento de recidivas, tiempo operatorio de 66.2 ñ 20.5 minutos, retorno a las actividades normales de 10.4 ñ 8.5 días, hospitalización de 21.7 ñ 14.2 horas y 8.5 por ciento de pacientes con complicaciones postoperatorias. No se registró complicaciones intraoperatorias. Teniendo en cuenta la definición de eficacia, para el presente trabajo, se concluye que el acceso posterior es eficaz para hermiorrafías inguinal y/o crural, con ventajas sobsre el acceso anterior y la técnica laparoscópica

Hérnia femoral com estrangulamento do apêndice vermiforme / Femoral hernia with vermiform appendix estrangulated

Os autores apresentam um caso de tumoraçäo na regiäo inguinal direita de um paciente que referia ter o mesmo aparecimento súbito, tendo-se evidenciado durante o ato operatório hérnia femoral com estrangulamento do apêndice vermiforme em seu interior, tratando-se, portanto, de quadro raro