Análisis del rendimiento físico en jugadores de hockey sobre césped sub 14 / Analysis of physical performance in u14 field hockey players / Análise do desempenho físico em jogadores de hóquei em campo sub-14

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el rendimiento físico de jugadores sub 14, durante los partidos del Torneo Nacional de Asociaciones 2019, disputado en la Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. Se monitorearon cinco encuentros (tres de fase de grupo; uno, semi final y uno, final). La muestra fue de 50 casos monitorizados por unidades GPS (PlayerTek Plus), divididos por posición: Defensores Centrales (n = 2), Defensores Laterales (n = 5), Volantes (n = 4) y Delanteros (n = 6). Las variables analizadas fueron divididas en dos, por un lado, las variables de volumen y, por otro, las de intensidad. Las primeras fueron: Distancia Total (m) 4718 ± 0,95; Distancia en Sprint (entre 16 a 19 km/h) (m) 484,67 ± 268,28; Cantidad de Sprints (>19 km/h) (rep) 17,70 ± 9,67; Aceleraciones >2 m/s2 (rep) 32,28 ± 13,39 y Desaceleraciones >-2 m/s2 (rep) 44,47 ± 17,08. En cambio, las variables de intensidad fueron: Metros por minuto (m) 101,18 ± 13,52; Distancia en Sprint por Minuto (m) 10,35 ± 5,96; Cantidad de Sprint por Minuto (rep) 0,37 ± 0,22. En conclusión, se consideró que analizar objetivamente, el rendimiento físico de los jóvenes jugadores es de vital importancia ya que podríamos establecer planes estratégicos para mejorar su performance, como también, bajar la incidencia lesiva.

The objective of this study was to determine the physical performance of U14 players, during the matches of the 2019 National Association Tournament, played in the Province of Córdoba, Argentina. 5 matches were monitored (3 group phase, 1 semi-final and 1 final). The sample consisted of 50 cases monitored by GPS units (PlayerTek Plus), divided by position: Central Defenders (n = 2), Side Defenders (n = 5), Midfielders (n = 4) and Forwards (n = 6). The analyzed variables were divided into 2: the volume variables and the intensity variables. The first ones were: Total Distance (m) 4718 ± 0.95; Sprint distance (between 16 to 19 km/h) (m) 484.67 ± 268.28; Number of Sprints (> 19 km/h) (rep) 17.70 ± 9.67; Accelerations> 2 m/s2 (rep) 32.28 ± 13.39 and Decelerations> -2 m/s2 (rep) 44.47 ± 17.08. Instead, the intensity variables were Meters per minute (m) 101.18 ± 13.52; Distance in Sprint per minute (m) 10.35 ± 5.96; and Amount of Sprint per minute (rep) 0.37 ± 0.22. In conclusion, it was considered that objectively analyzing the physical performance of young players is of vital importance, since we could establish strategic plans to improve their performance, as well as lower the incidence of injury.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o desempenho físico de jogadores menores de 14 anos, durante as partidas do Torneio de Associações Nacionais 2019, disputadas na Província de Córdoba, Argentina. Foram monitorizados 5 jogos (3 fases de grupos, 1 semifinal e 1 final). A amostra foi composta por 50 casos monitorados por GPS (PlayerTek Plus), divididos por posição: Defensores Centrais (n=2), Defensores Laterais (n=5), Meio-campistas (n=4) e Atacantes (n=6). As variáveis analisadas foram divididas em 2, de um lado as variáveis de volume e, de outro, as variáveis de intensidade. As primeiras foram: Distância Total (m) 4718 ± 0,95; Distância em Sprint (entre 16 a 19 km/h) (m) 484,67 ± 268,28; Número de Sprints (>19 km/h) (rep) 17,70 ± 9,67; Aceleração >2 m/s2 (rep) 32,28 ± 13,39 e desacelerações >-2 m/s2 (rep) 44,47 ± 17,08. Em vez disso, as variáveis de intensidade foram: Metros por minuto (m) 101,18 ± 13,52; Distância em Sprint por Minuto (m) 10,35 ± 5,96; Quantidade de Sprint por Minuto (rep) 0,37 ± 0,22. Em conclusão, considerou-se que analisar objetivamente o desempenho físico de jovens jogadores é de vital importância, pois podemos estabelecer planos estratégicos para melhorar seu desempenho, bem como diminuir a incidência de lesões.

Evaluación del consumo proteico y su percepción en deportistas de waterpolo y hockey subacuático del Club Regatas de Santa Fe / Evaluation of protein consumption and its perception in water polo and underwater hockey athletes from Regatas Club, Santa Fe

Los deportes acuáticos como waterpolo y hockey subacuático (HS) presentan momentos alternantes de alta y baja intensidad, por lo que resulta imprescindible la adecuada alimentación y preparación física. Se ha demostrado la importancia de la nutrición sobre el bienestar físico; permitiendo el crecimiento, la reparación y adaptación, luego del ejercicio, influyendo sobre el rendimiento deportivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el consumo proteico y su percepción en deportistas de waterpolo y hockey subacuático del club Regatas de la ciudad de Santa Fe en 2019. Se utilizó registro alimentario (3 días discontinuos), coincidentes con días de entrenamiento. Se realizaron entrevistas para determinar la percepción del consumo proteico. El consumo proteico promedio en jugadores de waterpolo fue excesivo respecto a su requerimiento. La mitad de los deportistas de HS relevaron consumo promedio insuficiente de proteínas con respecto a su requerimiento diario. Los alimentos fuente de proteínas predominantes seleccionados en ambos grupos, fueron carnes, leche/yogur, queso, huevo y legumbres. Al contrastar el consumo proteico según el requerimiento diario no se encontró diferencias significativas entre las dos disciplinas. En cuanto a la percepción el consumo proteico, en ambos grupos subestimaron la ingesta de proteínas respecto al valor real de consumo. Los waterpolistas presentan un consumo excesivo de proteínas respecto a su requerimiento; mientras que en los practicantes de HS resultó ser variado. Respecto a la percepción sobre el consumo proteico, la ingesta es subestimada en ambas disciplinas. El Licenciado en Nutrición debe orientar hacia estrategias correctas adecuadas al contexto nutricional deportivo(AU).

Effects of a high-intensity interval training program on body composition and physical fitness in female field hockey players / Efectos de un programa de entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad sobre la composición corporal y condición física en jugadoras de hockey césped

SUMMARY: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is zed by achieving similar effects to conventional physical and physiological training in a shorter time, allowing its dissemination in the sports field. The present study was aimed to analyze the effects of a HIIT program on body composition and general and specific physical fitness in Chilean female field hockey players. Experimental, repeated measures, simple blind, parallel groups, and a quantitative approach were used. The participants were randomized, and distributed into a control group (CG; n= 10) that maintained regular field hockey training and an experimental group (EG; n= 10) that also received complementary training with HIIT. Body composition (muscle mass and adipose mass), general physical fitness (jump performance with countermovement jump [CMJ] and maximum oxygen consumption [VO2max] were evaluated with the test Course-Navette), and specific physical fitness (pushing speed, dribbling speed, and shooting accuracy) were assessed with established protocols. Pre- and post-intervention comparisons were made with Student's t and Wilcoxon tests, considering p<0.05. The main results indicate that the EG presented a significant increase in muscle mass (p = 0.024; d = 0.62), CMJ (p = 0.005; d = 1.10), VO2max (p = 0.001; d = 1.58) and a significant reduction in adipose mass (p = 0.023; d = 0.36) and time in pushing speed (p = 0.028; d = 0.79). The CG did not present significant changes in any of the variables analyzed, and no significant differences were reported between the groups. In conclusion, eight weeks of HIIT significantly increases muscle mass, jump performance, and VO2max and significantly reduces adipose mass and time in pushing speed in Chilean female field hockey players.

RESUMEN: El entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad (EIAI) se caracteriza por conseguir en un menor tiempo efec- tos similares al entrenamiento convencional a nivel físico y fisiológico, lo que ha permitido su difusión en el ámbito deportivo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los efectos de un programa de EIAI sobre la composición corporal, condición física general y específica en mujeres chilenas que practican hockey césped. Estudio experimental, de medidas repetidas, simple ciego, grupos paralelos y enfoque cuantitativo. Las participantes fueron aleatorizadas y distribuidas en grupo control (GC; n=10) que mantuvo los entrenamientos regulares de hockey césped y grupo experimental (GE; n=10) que además recibió de complemento EIAI. Se evaluó la composición corporal (masa muscular y masa adiposa), condición física general (capacidad de salto con el salto contra movimiento [CMJ] y consumo máximo de oxígeno [VO2máx] con la prueba Course de Navette) y condición física específica (velocidad de empuje, velocidad de dribling y precisión de tiro) con protocolos establecidos. Se realizaron comparaciones pre y post intervención con las pruebas t de Student y Wilcoxon, considerando un p<0,05. Los principales resultados indican que el GE presentó un aumento significativo de la masa muscular (p=0,024; d=0,62), CMJ (p=0,005; d=1,10), VO2máx (p=0,001; d=1,58) y, una reducción significativa, de la masa adiposa (p=0,023; d=0,36) y del tiempo en la velocidad de empuje (p=0,028; d=0,79). El GC no presentó cambios significativos en ninguna de las variables analizadas, mientras que no se reportaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos. En conclusión, ocho semanas de EIAI aumentan significativamente la masa muscular, capacidad de salto y VO2máx, además de reducir significativamente la masa adiposa y el tiempo en la velocidad de empuje en mujeres chilenas que practican hockey césped.

Incidencia de lesiones en un equipo femenino de Primera División de hockey sobre césped. San Isidro Club / Incidence of injuries in a women's First Division field hockey team. San Isidro Club

El análisis del costo fisiológico y del gasto calórico del Hockey lo han colocado en la categoría de "ejercicio intenso", exponiendo a los jugadores a constantes situaciones con un potencial de lesión muy alto. El objetivo del siguiente artículo fue describir la incidencia, frecuencia, cantidad por puesto, contexto, severidad, severidad por puesto, topografía y puesto, y, por último, segmento y tipo de lesión sufridas en jugadoras femeninas de 1° división entre los años 2018 y 2019. La incidencia fue de 28,6 cada 1000hs, o bien 0,45 cada 1000hs/jugadora. El momento del año con mayores lesiones fue el mes de septiembre, la posición con mayor incidencia fueron las mediocampistas, el mecanismo de la lesión con mayor riesgo fueron las que no tuvieron contacto, por último, las lesiones más frecuentes fueron las musculares. Futuros estudios deberán analizar de forma prospectiva la situación, estableciendo y considerando un mayor tamaño muestral del club (por ejemplo, a otras 1° divisiones del Club), a la Asociación de Hockey de Buenos Aires y de los seleccionados nacionales, para obtener mejor información y correlacionar la misma. Estableciendo parámetros epidemiológicos para conocer la realidad de nuestros clubes respecto a los otros, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional.

El peroné: mal alumno, pero buen profesor. (¿Qué tiene prioridad biológica: la integridad, o la supervivencia?) / Fibula: a bad pupil but a good profesor. (What comes first, integrity or survival?)

La concepción original del mecanostato como un regulador de la rigidez estructural ósea orientado a mantener un determinado 'factor de seguridad' en todos los esqueletos parece no corresponder por igual a cualquier hueso y para cualquier tipo de estímulo. Hemos descubierto que la estructura cortical diafisaria del peroné humano manifiesta un comportamiento ambiguo del sistema, referido al uso del pie. La diáfisis peronea, además de ser insensible al desuso, se rigidiza, como sería de esperar, por entrenamientos en disciplinas deportivas que rotan o revierten el pie (hockey, fútbol, rugby); pero, llamativamente, se flexibiliza en su mitad proximal por entrenamiento en carrera larga, que optimiza el rendimiento del salto que acompaña a cada paso. La referida rigidización robustecería la región peronea de inserción de los músculos que rotan o revierten el pie, favoreciendo la locomoción sobre terrenos irregulares o 'gambeteando', propia de especies predadoras como los leopardos. La 'inesperada' flexibilización proximal, pese a reducir la resistencia a la fractura por flexión lateral (poco frecuente en el hombre), favorecería la absorción elástica de la energía contráctil de la musculatura inserta, optimizando el rendimiento del salto al correr, condición vital para especies presas como las gacelas. La falta de analogía de estas respuestas de la estructura peronea a distintos entrenamientos, incompatible con el mantenimiento de un factor de seguridad, sugiere su vinculación preferencial con la optimización de aptitudes esqueléticas con valor selectivo. Esto ampliaría el espectro regulatorio del mecanostato a propiedades esqueléticas 'vitales', más allá del control de la integridad ósea. Su manifestación en el hombre, ajena a connotaciones selectivas (quizá resultante del mantenimiento de genes ancestrales), permitiría proponer la indicación de ejercicios orientados en direcciones preferenciales a este respecto, especialmente cuando estas coincidieran con las de las fuerzas que podrían fracturar al hueso. (AU)

The original notion of the mechanostat as a regulator of bone structural rigidity oriented to maintain a certain 'safety factor' in all skeletons does not seem to correspond equally to every bone and for any type of stimulus. We have discovered that the diaphyseal cortical structure of the human fibula shows an ambiguous behavior of the system, with reference to the use of the foot. The peroneal shaft, in addition to being insensitive to disuse, becomes stiffened, as might be expected, by training in sport disciplines that involve rotating or reversing the foot (hockey, soccer, rugby); but, remarkably, it becomes more flexible in its proximal half by long-distance running training, which optimizes the performance of the jump that accompanies each step. The stiffening would strengthen the peroneal region of insertion of the muscles that rotate or reverse the foot, favoring locomotion on uneven terrain or 'dribbling', typical of predatory species such as leopards. The 'unexpected' proximal flexibilization, despite reducing the resistance to lateral flexion fracture (rare in human), would favor the elastic absorption of contractile energy from the inserted muscles, optimizing jumping performance when running, a vital condition for prey species such as gazelles. The lack of analogy of these responses of the peroneal structure to different training, incompatible with the maintenance of a safety factor, suggests its preferential link with the optimization of skeletal aptitudes with selective value. This would expand the regulatory spectrum of the mechanostat to 'vital' skeletal properties, beyond the control of bone integrity. Its manifestation in humans, oblivious to selective connotations (perhaps resulting from the maintenance of ancestral genes), would make it possible to propose the indication of exercises oriented in preferential directions, especially when they coincide with the direction of the forces that could fracture the bone. (AU)

Efecto de la práctica mental y física en el desempeño motor y actividad eléctrica muscular en estudiantes sanos / Effect of mental and physical practice in the motor performance and muscle electrical activity in healthy students

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la efectividad de la práctica mental (PM), práctica física (PF) y su combinación (PC) en el desempeño de- la destreza de dribbling de hockey de salón y la actividad eléctrica del músculo (AEM) braquiorradial del antebrazo dominante. Un total de 27 estudiantes universitarios de primer año de la carrera en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano, sin experiencia previa en la destreza, fueron asignados aleatoriamente a uno de tres grupos (PF, PM y PC). El desempeño de la destreza fue evaluado por medio del tiempo total, utilizando fotoceldas SmartspeedPro y la AEM se midió con un electromiograma Noraxon M400. La investigación se desarrolló en dos sesiones. En la primera sesión, se realizó el pretest, la práctica experimental según el grupo correspondiente y el post test del desempeño y AEM. En la segunda sesión, una semana después, se evaluó el desempeño en una prueba de retención. Al aplicar un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de dos vías mixto [grupo (3) x medición (3)] se encontró que el desempeño de los tres grupos mejoró significativamente en la prueba de adquisición y retención. El ANOVA de dos vías mixto [grupo (3) x medición (2)] indicó que no hubo diferencias significativas en la AEM. La PF, PM y PC favorecieron el aprendizaje de la destreza; sin embargo, no se encontraron cambios en la actividad eléctrica del músculo braquiorradial del antebrazo dominante.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of mental practice (MP), physical practice (PP), and their combination (CP) in the performance of the dribbling skill in field hockey, and the brachioradialis muscle electrical activity (MEA) of the dominant forearm. A total of 27 freshmen enrolled in the Human Movement Science program with no experience in the skill was randomly assigned to one of the three groups (MP, PP, and CP). Skill performance was assessed by total time using Smartspeed Pro photocells, while MEA was tested with an electromyogram using Noraxon M400. Research was conducted in two sessions. In the first session, the pretest, experimental practice by group, post test, and MEA were conducted. In the second session, held a week later, a retention test was conducted. After a two-way mixed ANOVA [group (3) x measurement (3)], the acquisition and retention test performance improved significantly in the three groups. The two-way mixed ANOVA [group (3) x measurement (2)] showed no significant differences in MEA. PP, MP, and CP enhanced skill learning; however, no significant changes were found in the brachioradialis muscle electrical activity of the dominant forearm.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a efetividade da prática mental (PM), prática física (PF) e sua combinação (PC) no desempenho da destreza de dribbling de hóquei de salão e a atividade elétrica do músculo (AEM) braquiorradial do antebraço dominante. Um total de 27 estudantes universitários do primeiro ano do curso de Ciências do Movimento Humano, sem experiência prévia na destreza, foram atribuídos aleatoriamente a um de três grupos (PF, PM e PC). O desempenho da destreza foi avaliado por meio do tempo total, utilizando fotocélulas SmartspeedPro e a AEM foi medida com um eletromiógrafo Noraxon M400. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas sessões. Na primeira sessão, foram feitos o pré-teste, a prática experimental de acordo com o grupo correspondente e o pós-teste do desempenho e da AEM. Na segunda sessão, uma semana despois, foi avaliado o desempenho em um teste de retenção. Ao ser aplicada uma análise de variância (ANOVA) mista de duas vias [grupo (3) x medição (3)], observou-se que o desempenho dos três grupos melhorou significativamente no teste de aquisição e retenção. A ANOVA mista de duas vias [grupo (3) x medição (2)] mostrou que não houve diferencias significativas na AEM. A PF, PM e PC favoreceram a aprendizagem da destreza; não obstante, não foram encontradas alterações na atividade elétrica do músculo braquiorradial do antebraço dominante.

Cardiac remodeling indicators in adolescent athletes / Indicadores de remodelagem cardíaca em atletas adolescentes

Summary Objective: The idea that different sports and physical training type results in different cardiac adaptations has been widely accepted. However, this remodelling process among different sport modalities is still not fully understood. Thus, the current study aims to investigate the heart morphology variation associated with a set of different modalities characterized by distinct models of preparation and different methods and demands of training and completion. Method: The sample comprises 42 basketball players, 73 roller hockey players, 28 judo athletes and 21 swimmers. Anthropometry was assessed by a single and experienced anthropometrist and the same technician performed the echocardiographic exams. Analysis of variance was used to study age, body size and echocardiograph parameters as well as different sport athlete's comparison. Results: Basketball players are taller (F=23.448; p<0.001; ES-r=0.553), heavier (F=6.702; p<0.001; ES-r=0.334) and have a greater body surface area (F=11.896; p<0.001; ES-r=0.427). Basketball and hockey players have larger left auricle diameters compared with judo athletes (F=3.865; p=0.011; ES-r=0.316). Interventricular end-diastolic septal thickness (F=7.287; p<0.001; ES-r=0.347) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (F=8.038; p<0.001; ES-r=0.362) of the judokas are smaller compared to the mean values of other sports participants. In addition, relative left parietal ventricular wall thickness is lower among swimmers compared with judokas (F=4.127; p=0.008; ES-r=0.268). Conclusion: The major contributors to changes in heart morphology are for the most part associated with sport-specific training and competition and the specific dynamics and adaptive mechanisms imposed by each sport.

Resumo Objetivo: Os efeitos decorrentes da prática de diferentes modalidades desportivas resultam em padrões divergentes de adaptação cardíaca. A presente pesquisa procura estudar a variação da morfologia do coração associada a um conjunto de modalidades desportivas distintas quanto à natureza do esforço e aos modelos de preparação, incluindo metodologias de treino e sistemas de competição. Método: Foram estudados 42 basquetebolistas, 73 hoquistas, 28 judocas e 21 nadadores. A antropometria foi avaliada por um único e experiente antropometrista e os exames ecocardiográficos foram realizados pelo mesmo operador. Recorreu-se à análise da variância para estudar a variação associada a idade, medidas de tamanho corporal e parâmetros ecocardiográficos, bem como para a comparação entre os atletas de diferentes modalidades desportivas. Resultados: Os basquetebolistas são os atletas mais altos (F=23,448; p<0,001; ES-r=0,553), mais pesados (F=6,702; p<0,001; ES-r=0,334), com maior superfície corporal (F=11,896; p<0,001; ES-r=0,427) e, com os hoquistas, apresentam um diâmetro da aurícula esquerda superior ao dos judocas (F=3,865; p=0,011; ES-r=0,316). A espessura telediastólica do septo interventricular (F=7,287; p<0,001; ES-r=0,347) e da parede posterior do ventrículo esquerdo (F=8,038; p<0,001; ES-r=0,362) dos judocas é inferior à dos outros atletas, mesmo quando controlado para o tamanho corporal. Os nadadores apresentam uma espessura parietal relativa do ventrículo esquerdo superior à dos judocas (F=4,127; p=0,008; ES-r=0,268). Conclusão: As diferentes fontes de variação da morfologia cardíaca prendem-se com as dinâmicas do processo de treino, competição e correspondentemente com os mecanismos adaptativos, sobrepondo-se ao processo de formação desportiva a longo prazo.

Dementia Pugilistica with Clinical Features of Frontotemporal Dementia and Parkinsonism: Case Report

Dementia pugilistica (DP) or chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease or dementia that may affect amateur or professional boxers as well as athletes in other sports who suffer concussions. The condition is thought to affect around 15% to 20% of professional boxers and caused by repeated concussive or subconcussive blows. CTE was in the past referred to as dementia pugilistica, which reflected the prevailing notion that this condition was restricted to boxers. Recent research, however, has demonstrated neuropathological evidence of CTE in retired American football players, a professional wrestler, a professional hockey player and a soccer player, as well as in nonathletes. It is probable that many individuals are susceptible to CTE, including those who experience falls, motor vehicle accidents, assaults, epileptic seizures, or military combat, and that repeated mild closed head trauma of diverse origin is capable of instigating the neurodegenerative cascade leading to CTE. We report a 62-year old man suspicious of dementia pugilistica with clinical features of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism.

Aesthetic Labia Minora Reduction with Medial Central Wedge Resection and Lateral Hockey Stick Resection / 대한폐경학회지

Aesthetic reduction of the labia minora has gained popularity. Hypertrophy of the labia minora is aesthetically and functionally unsatisfactory to some women. This study focused on one of the reduction techniques based on the degree of labial hypertrophy and the aesthetic preferences of the patient for labial edge color and contour. The five patients underwent labia minora reduction between August 2009 and August 2010. The ages ranged from 11~51 years (mean age, 29.2 years). All of the patients underwent medial central wedge resection and lateral hood resection of the labia minora. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic appearance of the external genitalia, relief of chronic irritation, and improved hygiene; there were no complications. The patients reported no interference with usual daily activities or with intercourse. We describe a simple medial central wedge and lateral hood resection to reduce enlarged labia minora that depends on the degree of hypertrophy. These methods give the same satisfaction between pre- and post-menopausal women.

Aesthetic Labia Minora Reduction with Medial Central Wedge Resection and Lateral Hockey Stick Resection / 대한폐경학회지

Aesthetic reduction of the labia minora has gained popularity. Hypertrophy of the labia minora is aesthetically and functionally unsatisfactory to some women. This study focused on one of the reduction techniques based on the degree of labial hypertrophy and the aesthetic preferences of the patient for labial edge color and contour. The five patients underwent labia minora reduction between August 2009 and August 2010. The ages ranged from 11~51 years (mean age, 29.2 years). All of the patients underwent medial central wedge resection and lateral hood resection of the labia minora. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic appearance of the external genitalia, relief of chronic irritation, and improved hygiene; there were no complications. The patients reported no interference with usual daily activities or with intercourse. We describe a simple medial central wedge and lateral hood resection to reduce enlarged labia minora that depends on the degree of hypertrophy. These methods give the same satisfaction between pre- and post-menopausal women.

Sports Injury Surveillance during Summer Asian Games 2010 in Guangzhou / 대한스포츠의학회지

The purpose of this study was to do the surveillance study of sports injuries which were suffered to National players of South Korea Team during the summer Asian Games 2010 in Guangzhou. All medical staffs of Korea Delegation were asked to report all sports injuries newly incurred during the Games on injury report form, and the physicians made clinical diagnoses of the injuries. Total 725 injuries (430 athletes) were reported, and 288 injuries (209 athletes) were newly incurred: 68 injuries (58 athletes) were recurrent with previous history, resulting in total incidence rate: 45.5 injuries/1000 athlete exposures (AE) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.1-50.6 injuries/1000 AE) and incidence proportion: 26% (95% CI: 23-29). The new injury was highest in athletics (n=37, 12.8%), hockey (n=26, 9.0%), and basketball (n=23, 8.0%). While 162 injuries (56.2%) were incurred during practice, 126 injuries (43.8%) were incurred in competition. The most frequent diagnoses were lateral ankle ligament sprain (n=28, 9.7%, 95% CI: 6.3-13.1), calf muscle cramp (n=23, 95% CI: 4.9-11.1), and hamstring strain (n=22, 95% CI: 4.6-10.7). The relapsed injury was highest in athletics (n=16, 23.5%), basketball (n=6, 8.8%), and wrestling (n=5, 7.4%). While 50 injuries (73.5%) were recurred during practice, 18 injuries (26.5%) were recurred in competition. The most frequent diagnoses of relapsed injury were calf muscle cramp (n=11, 16.2%, 95% CI: 7.4-25.0), low back strain (n=6, 8.8%, 95% CI: 2.1-15.6), and hamstring strain (n=6, 8.8%, 95% CI: 2.1-15.6). Our data indicated incidence rates, incidence proportions, characteristics and frequent diagnoses of acute and recurrent sports injuries during the games, therefore these results could provide relevant information for the sports injury prevention at elite level.

Hernias deportivas: experiencia con atletas / Sports hernia: experience in athletes

El dolor inguinal es poco frecuente en el deporte con una mayor incidencia en hockey sobre hielo y fútbol con cerca del 20 por ciento de las lesiones. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de lesiones como hernias deportivas, pubalgias y otras patologías relacionadas. Presentamos 316 pacientes con dolor inguinal de los cuales el 26 por ciento tuvieron una hernia deportiva. Revisamos el tratamiento conservador, los resultados, estudios complementarios, el manejo y la técnica quirúrgica con un cirujano general.

Probabilities of Pulmonary and Cardiac Complications and Radiographic Parameters in Breast Cancer Radiotherapy / 대한방사선종양학회지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of 3- dimensional (3-D) radiotherapy and the radiographic parameters of 2-dimensional (2-D) radiotherapy such as central lung distance (CLD) and maximal heart distance (MHD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 110 patients who were treated with postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer. A two-field tangential technique, a three-field technique, and the reverse hockey stick method were used. The radiation dose administered to whole breast or the chest wall was 50.4 Gy, whereas a 45 Gy was administered to the supraclavicular field. The NTCPs of the heart and lung were calculated by the modified Lyman model and the relative seriality model. RESULTS: For all patients, the NTCPs of radiation-induced pneumonitis and cardiac mortality were 0.5% and 0.7%, respectively. The NTCP of radiation-induced pneumonitis was higher in patients treated with the reverse hockey stick method than in those treated by other two techniques (0.0%, 0.0%, 3.1%, p<0.001). The NTCP of radiation-induced pneumonitis increased with CLD. The NTCP of cardiac mortality increased with MHD (R2=0.808). CONCLUSION: We found a close correlation between the NTCP of 3-D radiotherapy and 2-D radiographic parameters. Our results are useful to reanalyze the previous 2-D based clinical reports about breast radiation therapy complications as a viewpoint of NTCP.

Personality and injury risk among professional hockey players

Although much is known about risk for athletic injury, research on the roles of individual differences in personality and temperament on athletic injury has lagged. We hypothesized that professional athletes with high sensation-seeking and extraversion scores, and with low effortful control scores, would experience more injuries over the course of a season, would have more severe injuries, and would miss more total days of play. Prospective design with questionnaire report at time one and injury tracking throughout an 18-week athletic season. Professional hockey team in the United States. Eighteen professional hockey players [ages21-33]. Players completed self-report personality [Sensation-Seeking Scale, Form VI and temperament [the Adult Temperament Questionnaire] measures. Quality and severity of injury, as well as playing time missed, were tracked for 18 weeks. On average, players experienced almost 6 injuries causing a loss of 10 playing days through the season. Those players scoring high on Boredom Susceptibility and Total Sensation-Seeking incurred more total injuries. Those Scoring high on temperamental neutral perceptual sensitivity suffered more severe injuries. Athletes who suffered more injuries reported a preference of stimulating environments and boredom with non-stimulating environments. Injury severity was not correlated with sensation-seeking but was related to temperamental perceptual sensitivity. Implications for identification of injury-prone athletes, pre-injury training, and post-injury treatment are discussed

Lesiones craneofaciales producidas en hockey sobre patines / Cranio-facial injuries due to roller hockey playing

Objetivo. Los principales objetivos son obtener registros estadísticos acerca de la incidencia, mecanismos, severidad y tipo más frecuente de lesiones cráneo faciales debido a la práctica de hockey sobre patines, para mostrar el grado de rudeza de este deporte, evaluando la necesidad de revisar las reglas del juego y sugerir nuevas medidas de seguridad. Material y método. Presentamos las cifras estadísticas obtenidas de 119 partidos del Campeonato Mendocino (Argentina) jugado entre 2004 y 2005, con un seguimiento de 18 meses. Se utilizó un test standard Resultados. Encontramos 85 lesiones en 54 partidos; el 59% fueron producidas en la primer mitad del juego, el 41% restante en el segundo tiempo; los forwards recibieron el 48% de las lesiones, los backs 44% y los arqueros 9%. Las estructuras afectadas fueron: cara (61%), región frontal, (15%), columna cervical (7%), región parietal (6%), región temporal (6%) y región occipital (5%). La mayoría involucra estructuras faciales donde: labios (37%), nariz (25%), órbita (21%) y mentón (11%). Las lesiones fueron debidas al palo (39%), el codo (24%), la pelota (21%), el patín (5%), la cabeza (4%), la pared (4%) y finalmente, el hombro (1%).Un 26% de los jugadores lastimados no pudieron seguir jugando; 26% de los lesionados necesitaron intervención médica en el campo de juego; 16% fueron trasladados al hospital (70% permanecieron en observación); 64% de las lesiones fueron contusión, 36% heridas cortantes (sutira quirúrgica 77% y química 33%); 3% de las lesiones estuvieron asociadas con pérdida de la conciencia; se registraron 8 fracturas.Conclusión. Estos datos epidemiológicos confirman la necesidad de revisar y reconsiderar las reglas del juego y su seguridad.

Objectives: Research on this topic is carried out because no statistical records are available in order to conduct epidemiological studies. The main objectives are to obtain statistical records regarding the incidence, mechanisms, severity, and most frequent cranio-facial injuries due to the practice of roller hockey, to show the degree of roughness of this sport, assessing the need to revise the rules of the game, suggesting new safety precautions for this sport. Material and Method: The methodology is based on statistical figures obtained from 119 matches of the Mendoza (Argentina)Championship played between 2004 and 2005, with a follow up of 18 months. A standard test was used. Results: We found 85 injuries in 54 matches; 59% of the lesions were produced in the first half of the game, the 41% remaining inthe second half; the forwards received 48% of the lesions, the back 44% and the goalkeepers 9%. The affected structures were: face (61%), frontal region (15%), cervical spine (7%), parietal region (6%), temporal region (6%) and occipital region (5%). Mostinvolved facial structures were: lips (37%), nose (25%), eye socket (21%) and chin (11%). The injuries were due to the stick (39%), the elbow (24%), the ball (21%), the skate (5%), the head (4%), the wall (4%) and last the shoulder (1%). A 26% of injured players were not able to continue playing; 26% of injured players needed medical intervention on the game field; 16% were taken to a hospital (70%remained under observation); 64% of lesions were contusion, 36% were cutting wounds (surgical suture 77% and chemical suture 33%); 3% of lesions were associated with loss of consciousness; 8 fractures were registered. Conclusion: Epidemiological data confirm the need to revise and reconsider the rules of the game and their safety.

Processo de treinamento técnico-tático de seleções brasileiras de hóquei de grama / The technical-tactical training process of brazilian fi eld hockey teams

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os exercícios técnico-táticos empregados no processo de treinamento das seleções brasileiras masculina e feminina de Hóquei de Grama. Foram observadas 15 sessões de treinamento, realizadas em Florianópolis-SC, durante o período de preparação aos Jogos Pan-americanos 2007. A grelha de observação concentro-se na análise da Complexidade Estrutural das Atividades, das Tarefas e do Campo Ecológico. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a frequência e a duração dependiam da estrutura, das características específi cas e dos objetivos determinados para cada exercício. Além disso, o treinador utilizou com maior frequência (48,9%) e gastou mais tempo (37,6%) no desenvolvimento de tarefas que fi xavam ou diversifi cavam a técnica de movimento, principalmente em exercícios que combinavam dois ou mais fundamentos. Os exercícios de jogo propriamente dito também apresentaram elevado tempo gasto (28,2%). A maior incidência (frequência) do critério de êxito estabelecido pelo treinador foi quanto a realização correta do movimento (42,1%) e o resultado do movimento (37,5%), embora o maior tempo gasto tenha se apresentado em exercícios de aplicação geral do conteúdo do esporte em diferentes situações (44,3%). As evidências indicam a preocupação constante do treinador com o aperfeiçoamento dos componentes técnicos e táticos, referendada pela grande variedade no conteúdo dos exercícios. Além disso, a maior duração de exercícios que exigiam a adaptação dos jogadores ao contexto de aplicação proporcionou o aumento do repertório de respostas a serem dadas em situações de jogo variadas e imprevistas.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the technical-tactical exercises used in the training process of Brazilians male and female Field Hockey teams. A total of 15 training sessions was observed in Florianópolis-SC, during the preparation for the 2007 Pan-American Games. The observational grid focused on the analysis of the Structural Complexity of the Activities, the Tasks and the Ecological Field. The results demonstrated that the frequency and the duration depended on the structure, the specifi c characteristics and the objectives determined for each exercise. Moreover, the trainer used more frequently (48.9%) and spent more time (37.6%) on tasks that either fi xed or diversifi ed the technique of the movement, especially in the combination of two or more technical exercises. The game exercises presented a large time slot (28.2%). The high incidence (frequency) of the success criteria established by the trainer were the correct accomplishment of the movement (42.1%) and the result of the movement (37.5%), however the time was mainly spent on exercises of general purpose of the sport content in different situations (44.3%). The evidences indicate that the trainer is always concerned with perfect technical and tactical components, which is shown by the large variety of exercise contents. In addition, the longest duration of exercises that demanded players adaptation to the application context provided the increase in the answers repertoire needed in varied and unexpected game situations.

The Usefulness of Ultrasound Diagnosis of Acute Tendon Injury in Hand

PURPOSE: The evaluation and management of a completely transected tendon of the hand is relatively clear. In most cases, the integrity is assessed by physical examination(eg, broken normal cascade, motion loss) but occasionally, It happens in troubles. because of pain, limited patient cooperation(eg, child, unconscious patient), and other associated injuries(eg, fractures, foreign bodies). METHODS: From september 2006 to August 2007, 28 patients were evaluated with real time ultrasonography preoperatively and postoperatively. Twenty eight patients with injured tendon were evaluated using an HDI 5000 Sono CT(Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA) machine with a high resolution, 7.5MHz hockey stick linear probe. Dynamic evaluation was performed in real time. RESULTS: Surgery was performed after the ultrasonographic evaluation. Sonographic diagnosis and intraoperative findings were correlated. Ultrasonographic findings show tendon discontinuity, gaps, and fluid collection. CONCLUSION: We conclude that ultrasonography is helpful in evaluating and managing acute tendon injury. Especially, in cases of completely lacerated tendon, ultrasonography can identify the location of the proximal tendon stump and partial lacerated tendon, ultrasonographic diagnostic tool can decrease misdiagnosis.