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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1536325

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La medicina familiar, dentro de su enfoque biopsicosocial, acoge la valoración integral de cada individuo en su curso de vida, donde es indispensable integrar todos los principios bioéticos para brindar una atención adecuada, oportuna y humanizada. El abordaje del especialista en medicina familiar sobre el final de vida debe estar ligado a estos aspectos, lo que permite ampliar la relación clínica desde el paciente hasta su núcleo familiar y su equipo en salud. Objetivo: Discutir los principios bioéticos desde una perspectiva integrativa a partir de un recorrido por los principales apartados legales que se han desarrollado en Colombia desde la sentencia C-239 de 1997, en relación con el derecho a morir dignamente. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa mediante la búsqueda en PubMed, Elsevier, Scielo y la normativa del contexto colombiano. Conclusiones: La disponibilidad de la información permite tener claridad sobre los conceptos al final de vida y el quehacer de los profesionales de la salud en esta etapa, que permita brindar al paciente y a su familia información clara y alternativas en su manejo integral, que dignifique la relación médico-paciente-familia-equipo de salud(AU)


Introduction: Family medicine, within its biopsychosocial approach, welcomes the comprehensive assessment of each individual in his or her life course, where it is essential to integrate all bioethical principles to provide adequate, timely and humanized care. The approach of the family medicine specialist at the end of life should be linked to these aspects, which allows extending the clinical relationship of the patient to the family nucleus and the health team. Objective: To discuss bioethical principles from an integrative perspective based on the review of the main legal paragraphs that have been developed in Colombia since the C-239 ruling of 1997 in relation to the right to die with dignity. Methods: A narrative review was carried out through searches in PubMed, Elsevier, SciELO and in the normativity of the Colombian context. Conclusions: The availability of information allows clarity about the concepts at the end of life and the work of health professionals at this stage, which allows providing the patient and family with clear information and alternatives in their comprehensive management, which dignifies the doctor-patient-family-health team relationship(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Terminal Care/methods , Hospice Care/methods , Bioethical Issues , Family Practice
2.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1434071

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: descrever a perspectiva assistencial da equipe de enfermagem em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva para os pacientes diagnosticados com COVID-19 e fora de possibilidades terapêuticas, a luz da Teoria de Final de Vida Pacífico. Métodos: estudo qualitativo com suporte da Teoria de Final de Vida Pacífico, em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto do Norte do Brasil. A coleta no segundo semestre de 2020 obteve nove profissionais, contando com roteiro semiestruturado e posterior análise de três etapas. Resultados: inter-relação entre "Não sentir dor" e "Experiência de Conforto", uma polissemia de perspectivas quanto a "Experiência de dignidade e respeito" e "Estar em paz", já a "Proximidade com outros significativos" foi totalmente abalada. Considerações finais: preceitos da humanização alinharam-se a teoria, porém foi um problema a falta de padronização quanto a avaliação de dor. A exclusão dos outros significativos impossibilitou o final de vida pacífico para os pacientes com COVID-19.


Objective: to describe the care perspective of the nursing team in an Intensive Care Unit for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and out of therapeutic possibilities, in the light of the Peaceful End of Life Theory. Methods: qualitative study supported by the Theory of Peaceful End of Life, in an adult Intensive Care Unit in Northern Brazil. The collection in the second half of 2020 obtained nine professionals, with a semi-structured script and subsequent analysis of three stages. Results: interrelationship between "Not feeling pain" and "Experience of Comfort", a polysemy of perspectives regarding "Experience of dignity and respect" and "Being at peace", whereas "Proximity to significant others" was totally affected. Finalconsiderations: humanization precepts were in line with the theory, but the lack of standardization regarding pain assessment was a problem. Excluding significant others made peaceful end-of-life impossible for COVID-19 patients.


Objetivo: describir la perspectiva del cuidado del equipo de enfermería en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos a pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19 y fuera de posibilidades terapéuticas, a la luz de la Teoría del Final de Vida Tranquilo. Métodos:estudio cualitativo sustentado en la Teoría del Final de la Vida en Paz, en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de adultos en el Norte de Brasil. La colección del segundo semestre de 2020 obtuvo nueve profesionales, con un guión semiestructurado y posterior análisis de tres etapas. Resultados: interrelación entre "No sentir dolor" y "Experiencia de Confort", polisemia de perspectivas sobre "Experiencia de dignidad y respeto" y "Estar en paz", mientras la "proximidad a otras personas significativas" se vio totalmente afectada. Consideraciones finales: los preceptos de humanización estaban en línea con la teoría, pero la falta de estandarización en cuanto a la evaluación del dolor fue un problema. La exclusión de otras personas importantes hizo imposible el final de la vida pacífica para los pacientes con COVID-19.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hospice Care/methods , Critical Care Nursing , COVID-19/nursing , Qualitative Research , Pandemics , Intensive Care Units
3.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 38(2): e4803, abr.-jun. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408341

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El final de la vida de un anciano es un proceso de vida, cuyo cuidado es protagonizado por el cuidador familiar. Con frecuencia los cuidados profesionales se enfocan hacia la persona que más expresa sus necesidades humanas insatisfechas. Sin embargo, aunque el cuidador familiar expresa sus problemas de salud, los cuidados se muestran insuficientes y desapegados de la teoría. Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo teórico de cuidados al cuidador familiar de anciano al final de la vida. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo de teoría fundamentada, de enero del 2017 a enero del 2020. Las poblaciones de estudió la conformaron cuatro especialistas y cuatro cuidadores familiares que vivieron la experiencia del cuidado de un anciano al final de la vida. La muestra se determinó por un muestreo no probabilístico y saturación teórica, y quedó conformada por cuatro especialistas y cuatro cuidadores familiares que vivieron la experiencia del cuidado. Se utilizó la entrevista en profundidad y análisis de discurso como métodos empíricos, lo cual permitió la construcción del paradigma codificado. Resultados: El modelo representa la lógica ideal en la ejecución de acciones en la práctica de enfermería con la aplicación del método científico en el contexto domiciliario durante el cuidado al cuidador familiar de anciano al final de la vida. Conclusiones: Se describen las relaciones de coordinación y subordinación entre los elementos del modelo que se constituyen en acciones consecutivas y coherentes durante la práctica de enfermería para el cuidado al cuidador familiar de anciano al final de la vida(AU)


Introduction: The end of life of an elderly person is a life process whose care corresponds mainly to the family caregiver. Professional care is often focused on the person who most expresses his or her unmet human needs. However, although the family caregiver expresses his or her health problems, care is insufficient and detached from theory. Objective: To design a theoretical model of care for the family caregiver of the elderly at the end of life. Methods: A qualitative grounded theory study was carried out from January 2017 to January 2020. The study populations consisted of four specialists and four family caregivers who lived the experience of caring for an elderly person at the end of life. The sample was determined by nonprobabilistic sampling and theoretical saturation, and finally consisted of four specialists and four family caregivers who lived the caregiving experience. In-depth interview and discourse analysis were used as empirical methods, which allowed the construction of the coding paradigm. Results: The model represents the ideal logic in the performance of actions as part of nursing practice through the application of the scientific method in the home setting during the care for the family caregiver of the elderly person at the end of life. Conclusions: The coordination and subordination relationships among the elements of the model are described. Such elements are the consecutive and coherent actions during the nursing practice for the care of the family caregiver of the elderly person at the end of life(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hospice Care/methods , Caregivers , Models, Theoretical , Nursing Care , Health Services Needs and Demand
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 19(2): 82-88, abr.-jun. 2021. tab., graf.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1379252

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre cuidados paliativos entre estudantes de medicina e comparar o ganho de conhecimento ao longo dos períodos. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, transversal e analítico entre estudantes do internato do curso de medicina de uma universidade, entre maio e junho de 2017, por meio de um questionário que contemplou dados sociodemográficos, autoavaliação e conhecimentos específicos sobre cuidados paliativos. Resultados: Dos 135 estudantes, menos de 30% tinham conhecimento da definição da Organização Mundial da Saúde de cuidados paliativos, e apenas 3% tinham percepção de ter recebido informações suficientes para lidar com pacientes terminais. Os acertos variaram entre 14,8% e 88,9% no domínio da dor; entre 32,6% e 86,7% no domínio dos problemas psiquiátricos; eram inferiores a um terço nos domínios da dispneia e dos problemas gastrintestinais e maiores nos domínios da filosofia e da comunicação. No domínio da dor e dos problemas psiquiátricos, os estudantes do sexto ano obtiveram maiores medianas de acertos em relação aos alunos do quinto ano, com significância estatística (p<0,001). Conclusão: Os alunos apresentaram desconhecimento da definição de cuidados paliativos, que esteve associada a uma percepção de insuficiente preparo para lidar com pacientes terminais. Quanto aos conhecimentos específicos, embora os alunos apresentassem baixas frequências de acertos nos domínios da dor, dispneia, problemas gastrintestinais e psiquiátricos, a experiência do internato proporcionou um ganho de conhecimento. (AU)


Objective: To assess the knowledge about palliative care among medical students and compare knowledge gain over the periods. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out among students of the fifth and sixth years of the medical course of a university from May to June 2017, through the application of a questionnaire that included socio-demographic data, self-assessment, and specific knowledge about palliative care. Results: Out of a total of 135 students, less than 30% were aware of the World Health Organization definition of palliative care and only 3% had a perception that they had received enough information to deal with terminal patients. The pain domain presented correct frequencies ranging from 14.8% to 88.9%; in the area of psychiatric problems, it ranged from 32.6% to 86.7%; they were of less than one third in the domain of dyspnea and gastrointestinal problems, and higher in the domains of philosophy and communication. In the pain and psychiatric problems domains, students in the sixth year had the highest median scores in relation to the fifth year, with statistical significance (p<0.001). Conclusion: Students were not aware of the definition of palliative care and showed the perception of insufficient preparation to deal with terminal patients. As for the specific knowledge, although students presented low frequencies of correct answers in the domains of pain, dyspnea, gastrointestinal and psychiatric problems, the experience of the internship provided an additional knowledge gain. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Palliative Care , Self-Assessment , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Hospice Care/methods , Clinical Competence/statistics & numerical data , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Pain Management , Internship and Residency
5.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 36(1): e3188, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1280241

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El cuidador familiar de anciano al final de la vida es un sujeto que deberá concebirse como foco del cuidado, pues no se identifica configurado desde la enfermería, y los textos científicos sobre el tema son escasos. Objetivo: Sistematizar el término cuidados al cuidador familiar de anciano al final de la vida como sujeto del cuidado de enfermería. Métodos: Revisión sistemática, entre marzo y mayo de 2019 para un análisis crítico reflexivo del contenido de documentos de 12 años (2006-2018), publicados en español en SciELO y Google académico. Para la estrategia de búsqueda se utilizó el diagrama de flujo (PRISMA) con las palabras clave y operadores booleanos: "anciano" OR "envejecimiento" AND "cuidado de enfermería" OR "enfermería" AND "cuidador". Se realizó evaluación crítica de los estudios incluidos a través del análisis de contenido. Conclusiones: Se definió operacionalmente cuidado al cuidador familiar de anciano al final de la vida como: Proceso complejo en el que la identificación de las necesidades humanas en el orden psicoespiritual, la salud física, el ambiente y el entorno social, influye en la relación del cuidador familiar y del anciano al final de la vida, en el que se reconoce lo individual y lo personal de la experiencia y que contribuye a su calidad de vida(AU)


Introduction: The family caregiver of the elderly at the end of life is a subject that should be conceived as a focus of care, as it is not identified as theoretically supported from the nursing approach, and scientific texts on the subject are scarce. Objective: To systematize the term care for the family caregiver of the elderly at the end of life as a subject of nursing care. Methods: Systematic review, between March and May 2019, for a reflexive critical analysis of the content of documents from 12 years (2006-2018), published in Spanish in SciELO and Google academic. For the search strategy, the flowchart (PRISMA) was used, with the following keywords and Boolean operators: "anciano" OR "envejecimiento" AND "cuidado de enfermería" OR "enfermería" AND "cuidador" [in English, "elderly" OR "aging" AND "nursing care" OR "nursing" AND "caregiver"]. Critical evaluation of the included studies was carried out through content analysis. Conclusions: Care for the family caregiver of the elderly at the end of life was defined operationally as: A complex process in which the identification of human needs in the psycho-spiritual order, physical health, the environment and the social setting influences the relationship between the family caregiver and the elderly at the end of life, in which the individual and personal experience is recognized and that contributes to the person's quality of life(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aging , Hospice Care/methods , Caregivers/psychology , Nursing Care/methods , Quality of Life , Review Literature as Topic , Databases, Bibliographic
7.
Rev. bras. cancerol ; 66(4): e-121098, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1140768

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O cuidado paliativo tem como objetivo minimizar o sofrimento tanto do paciente como de seus familiares, por meio de um trabalho multiprofissional. As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis são a principal causa de sofrimento e incapacidade, levando-os aos cuidados paliativos. A fim de amenizar o sofrimento, a extubação paliativa é um procedimento que evita prolongar a morte, por intermédio da retirada de medidas invasivas respiratórias, como a intubação orotraqueal. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão integrativa e analisar/apresentar o impacto da extubação paliativa em pacientes terminais. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura e, para sua realização, foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PEDro, LILACS e PubMed, utilizando os descritores: airway extubation, palliative care e hospice care.Resultados: Para a realização deste estudo, foram encontrados 41 artigos, sendo 15 relevantes para a revisão. Estudos mostraram que a extubação paliativa é benéfica para o paciente e seus familiares, mesmo que o tempo de morte possa variar de acordo com a doença existente. Conclusão: Apesar do pequeno número de estudos, foi possível observar que a extubação paliativa se mostrou eficaz no tratamento, mediante relatos de familiares, proporcionando melhor qualidade de vida e uma morte mais tranquila e sem mais sofrimentos.


Introduction: Palliative care aims to minimize the suffering of both patients and their families through a multidisciplinary work. Non-communicable chronic diseases are the leading cause of suffering and disability, leading them to palliative care. In order to alleviate suffering, palliative extubation is a procedure that avoids prolonging death by removing invasive respiratory measures such as orotracheal intubation. Objective: To perform an integrative review and analyze/present the impact of palliative extubation in terminal patients. Method: A literature review study through search performed in the databases PEDro, LILACS and PubMed, using the keywords: airway extubation, palliative care and hospice care. Results: For this study, 41 articles were found, being 15 relevant for the review. Studies have shown that palliative extubation is beneficial for patients and their families, even though the time of death may vary according to the existing disease. Conclusion: Despite the small number of studies, it was possible to observe that palliative extubation proved to be effective in the treatment based in family members reports, ensuring better quality of life and a more peaceful death without further suffering.


Introducción: Los cuidados paliativos tienen como objetivo minimizar el sufrimiento de los pacientes y sus familias a través de un trabajo multidisciplinario. Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles son la principal causa de sufrimiento y discapacidad que los lleva a los cuidados paliativos. Para aliviar el sufrimiento, la extubación paliativa será un procedimiento que evita prolongar la muerte al eliminar las medidas respiratorias invasivas como la intubación orotraqueal. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión integradora y analizar/presentar el impacto de la extubación paliativa en pacientes con enfermedades terminales. Método: Este es un estudio de revisión de literatura y se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PEDro, LILACS y PubMed, usando las palabras clave: extubación de vías aéreas, cuidados paliativos y cuidados de hospicio. Resultados: Para este estudio, se encontraron 41 artículos, 15 relevantes para la revisión. Los estudios han demostrado que la extubación paliativa es beneficiosa para los pacientes y sus familias, aunque el momento de la muerte puede variar según la enfermedad existente. Conclusión: A pesar del pequeño número de estudios, fue posible observar que la extubación paliativa demostró ser efectiva en el tratamiento, a través de los informes de los miembros de la familia, proporcionando una mejor calidad de vida a través de una muerte más pacífica sin más sufrimiento.


Subject(s)
Hospice Care/methods , Airway Extubation , Terminally Ill
8.
Rev. salud pública ; 20(3): 378-383, mayo-jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978994

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar mediante la clasificación de la ASSOCIATION FOR CHILDREN'S PALLIATIVE CARE (ACT) la existencia de una población susceptible de cuidados paliativos pediátricos. Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se revisaron datos de historias clínicas de la población pediátrica de 0-18 años atendida en el Hospital Infantil Napoleón Franco Pareja de la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia en el periodo de 1 enero de 2013 a 31 de diciembre de 2015. Resultados Se tomaron 2 718 pacientes y se clasificaron según grupos ACT en el grupo I, 462 pacientes, grupo II, 61 pacientes, en el grupo III, 29 pacientes y grupo IV 1195, representando el 4,5% del total de la población atendida en la institución. Conclusiones Se encontró una población susceptible de cuidados paliativos pediátricos, por lo que fue necesario instaurar medidas para complementar y brindar una atención integral.(AU)


ABSTRACT Objective To assess the existence of a population susceptible to pediatric palliative care using the classification of the Association for Children's Palliative Care (ACT). Materials and Methods Descriptive, retrospective study. The data included in clinical records of the pediatric population aged 0-18 years and attended at the Hospital Infantil Napoleón Franco Pareja in the city of Cartagena, Colombia, were reviewed. Results 2 718 patients were included and classified according to ACT groups in group I with 462 patients; group II with 61 patients; group III with 29 patients; and group IV with 1 195, representing 4.5% of the total population attended by the institution Conclusions The study found a population susceptible to pediatric palliative care, which requires establishing measures to complement and provide comprehensive care.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hospice Care/methods , Hospitals, Pediatric , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Colombia
9.
In. Tejera, Darwin; Soto Otero, Juan Pablo; Taranto Díaz, Eliseo Roque; Manzanares Castro, William. Bioética en el paciente grave. Montevideo, Cuadrado, 2017. p.231-237, tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1380950
10.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 26(4): 315-321, 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-831265

ABSTRACT

With aging, there are various geriatric syndromes that along with the most prevalent chronic diseases make harder the clinical management of the senior citizen patient. It is known that cancer as a disease is included in many palliative programs in the world, not so, another kind of chronic and degenerative diseases that gradually advance to cause the death of many patients. The intention of this document is to review the recommendations in order to give a better care at the end of the life of the geriatric patient. Always taking into account that people have the right to receive an adequate medical care with quality and that nowadays it is not possible that a sick person presents suffering by their uncontrolled symptoms. It is a work of the society and professionals to improve knowledge of palliative medicine and have a humane and compassionate attitude towards the terminal patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hospice Care/methods , Hospice Care/standards , Hospice Care/trends , Geriatrics
11.
São Paulo; s.n; 2013. 113 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-914783

ABSTRACT

O objetivo desta dissertação foi investigar os Cuidados Paliativos. Por tratar-se de profissionais que propõem e se dedicam a uma modalidade de assistência que colocam como diferenciada em relação aos outros tipos de assistências ofertadas, o exame dos elementos que os diferencia em relação aos demais poderia iluminar questões nos outros tipos de assistências prestados que antes passariam despercebidos, apontando as aproximações e os distanciamentos entre os cuidados paliativos e as outras abordagens. Procurou-se, para tanto, múltiplas entradas e abordagens do Cuidado Paliativo: (1) uma pesquisa crítica dos manuais e dos documentos estruturantes dos Cuidados Paliativos, a fim de obter-se melhor aproximação em relação ao objeto, a partir de uma perspectiva histórica e teórica, e (2) um trabalho de campo, que acompanhou reuniões de trabalho regulares de duas equipes distintas em instituição pública de saúde: o grupo de Cuidados Paliativos e um segundo grupo, de outra especialidade, para auxiliar, por meio de comparação, o exame dos Cuidados Paliativos. Por meio do exame dos documentos e do que ocorria nas reuniões, foi possível delinear, por meio de comparação, os elementos de aproximação e de distanciamentos entre distintas abordagens e cuidados à saúde, que iluminaria em quais momentos e em que aspectos poderiam ser apontadas diferentes formas de atenção e abordagem à assistência oferecida. Apesar de se acentuar as competências humanitárias e de personalidades individuais


This dissertation aims investigate the Palliative Care. As it is moved by specific professionals, who propose and dedicate to a specific care modality dissimilar to the other ones, the exam of elements that distinguishes them from the others may highlights some aspects that would pass unnoticed. This approximation was by multiple entrances and approaches to palliative care: (1) a critical lecture of the manuals and documents that structure the palliative care, in order to obtain better approximation to the object from a historical and theoretical perspective, and (2) a field study, which followed the regular meetings of two different teams working in public health institutions: the palliative care group and a second group from another specialty, that, by comparison, could bring us better examination of Palliative Care. Through the examination of the documents and what occurred at the meetings, it was possible to outline, by comparison, the elements of closeness and distances between different approaches and health care, which would illuminate at what time and in what aspects could be identified different forms of care and approach to assistance offered. Although they emphasize humanitarian and individual personalities to the exercise of palliative practice skills is sought by an approach that expose skills and the specifics of this professional field in relation to the other, that would justify the recognition of palliative care as a field of knowledge and as a practice area or specialty differentiated


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Delivery of Health Care/methods , Hospice Care , Hospice Care/methods , Palliative Care , Patient Care Team , Practice Guidelines as Topic
12.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 26(3): 123-135, sep.-dic. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-617257

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Este artigo buscou investigar de que modo os princípios da Bioética estão contemplados em publicações científicas que tratam de cuidados paliativos com pacientes terminais. Metodologia: Optou-se por desenvolver uma investigação de natureza bibliográfica, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada por meio de busca eletrônica no site da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), nas bases de dados SciELO e LILACS. O universo do estudo foi constituído por 269 artigos, oito dos quais, que tratam dos princípios da Bioética, representam a amostra. Para a análise do material empírico, optou-se pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Para tanto foram seguidas as etapas de pré-análise, exploração do material e tratamento de dados. Os resultados foram apresentados por representação tabular. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos a partir da análise dos oito artigos foram organizados em três categorias, a saber: ênfase no princípio da autonomia; conforto e bem-estar ao ser doente terminal; conflitos com os princípios da bioética. Conclusão: Observou-se, em alguns estudos, a aplicação dos princípios da bioética, o que já possibilita vislumbrar uma melhor perspectiva para um futuro mais próximo. Contudo outras realidades apresentam, mesmo que de forma sutil, o descumprimento desses princípios, o que reflete ainda a necessidade de mudanças(AU)


Objetivo: Este artículo buscó investigar de qué modo los principios de la Bioética están contemplados en publicaciones científicas que abordan los cuidados paliativos con pacientes terminales. Metodología: Se optó por desarrollar una investigación de naturaleza bibliográfica, realizada por medio de una búsqueda electrónica en el sitio de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), en las bases de datos SciELO y LILACS. El universo de estudio fue constituido por 269 artículos, ocho abordaban principios de bioética, quedando en evidencia la muestra representada por estos artículos. Para el análisis de material empírico, se optó por la técnica de análisis del contenido. Para lo que fueron seguidas las etapas de pre-análisis, exploración del material y tratamiento de los datos. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos, a partir del análisis de los ocho artículos, fueron organizados en tres categorías, a saber: énfasis en el principio de autonomía; confort y bienestar al ser enfermo terminal; conflictos con los principios de la bioética. Conclusión: Se observó en algunos estudios, la aplicación de los principios de la bioética, lo que posibilitó vislumbrar una perspectiva mejor para el futuro cercano, a pesar de ello, otras realidades presentan, aunque sutilmente, el incumplimiento de estos principios, lo que refleja todavía la necesidad de mudanzas(AU)


Objective: This article aimed to investigate how Bioethical principles are taken into consideration in scientific publications which deal with palliative cares with terminal patients. Methodology: As concerns the chosen methodology, an investigation of bibliographical nature was accomplished by means of electronic search in the Virtual Library for Health site (BVS), in the SCIELO and LILACS data basis. The research universe encompassed 269 articles which, eight of them dealt with bioethical principles. The sample was, in this way, represented by these eight articles. In regard to the empirical material analysis, the content analysis technique was used. For this reason, the following phases were taken into account: the pre-analysis, the material exploration and the data treatment. Results: The results obtained, from the analysis of the eight articles, were organized in three categories, such as: emphasis on the autonomy principle; comfort and well-being for the terminal patient; conflicts referring to bioethical principles. Conclusion: The use of bioethical principles was perceived in some researches and this enables to foresee a better outlook for a coming future. However, other realities present, though in a subtle way, that such principles are being unfulfilled, reflecting, thus, the need for changes(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Bioethics , Review Literature as Topic , Hospice Care/methods , Databases, Bibliographic/trends , Scientific and Technical Publications
13.
Córdoba; s.n; 2009. 65 p.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-750195

ABSTRACT

El médico, históricamente adquiere protagonismo en todos los momentos fundamentales y decisivos de la vida hasta llegar inclusive al fin de la misma, ya que los seres humanos como todos los organismos vivos, están naturalmente programados para morir inexorablemente. Así es como tantos adagios referidos a dicho protagonismo médico, lo relacionan desde el mismo Hipócrates, al deber de “Primum non Nocere” (primero no hacer daño) como premisa fundamental y lo destinan a “aliviar antes que curar” como otra meta insoslayable. Conceptos estos que nunca han perdido vigencia pese a los grandes progresos científico-tecnológicos y que se tornan aún más imperativos frente a enfermedades graves cuando los recursos terapéuticos se han agotado y la medicina se convierte solo en aliviadora o paliativa, para brindar al paciente una supervivencia en la etapa final, con la mejor calidad de vida posible para sí y sus familiares. En esta revisión está contemplada la experiencia de la angustia existencial o espiritual hacia el fin de la vida, explorada con un examen de los correlatos conceptuales de sufrimiento, los cuales incluyen: desesperanza, carga sobre los otros, pérdida del sentido de dignidad y pérdida del deseo de vivir. También se establecen los conceptos diferenciales entre paciente terminal y paciente crítico, enfatizando en el criterio de “proporcionalidad” que debe regir la actuación médica y sobre los “deberes prima facie” que constituyen los principios de la Bioética. Se enumeran algunos derechos básicos para este tipo de pacientes, que deben afrontar situaciones tan complejas...


Historically, physicians have acquired real protagonism in all of the fundamental life human stages from birth to death, since people the same as all other living beings, are relentlessly programmed to die. In the same way a lot of adages referred to this medical protagonism relate it even from Hypocrates himself, for whom “Primum non Nocere” (first of all don’t damage) is the fundamental command. Besides, they appoint physicians “to heal before curing” as another challenge. Such concepts have never lost validity in spite of the great scientific and technological progress, for they become imperative at serious illnesses when therapeutic resources have been given up and medicine becomes just palliative. Therefore this provides patients with the best possible survival time and quality of life while death overcomes, and at the same time achieving support to their families. Through this revision the existential or spiritual distress feeling to the end-of-life, is explored together, with an examination of the conceptual correlates of suffering which include: hopelessness, burden to others, loss of sense of dignity and loss of will to live. It also establishes differential concepts between terminal and critical patients, emphasizing the “proportional” criterion that has to rule medical behaviour and the “prima facie duties” which constitute the Bioethic principles. Some of the basic rights for this kind of patients who have to face such complex situations, are explained here. Palliative care practitioniers are nowadays better able than before to improve the distressful end-of-life symptoms...


Subject(s)
Humans , Hospice Care/methods , Palliative Care/psychology
14.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2001 Dec; 99(12): 687-8, 690-1, 709
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-102553

ABSTRACT

Initially the word 'hospice' was used to convey the friendly and warm feeling between the guest and the host. Later the place where this feeling was experienced represented the meaning of the word. Hospice is a union between the tough and rigid principles of curative clinical science and more flexible 'compassion' of human behaviour. The aim should be more on to relieve distressing symptoms of advanced cancer and other terminal diseases by control of symptoms and good nursing. In India one in 10 deaths is related to cancer and a sizeable section of this huge population die in unrelieved pain and suffering. AIDS cases are rising in the developing countries, which cannot afford expensive treatment. So the provision of good palliative care will remain for many years to come. But with the advent of antibiotics, doctors changed their goal from palliative care to absolute cure. The incurable cases were gradually made to feel unwelcome. The best option between the two is compassion of the old days and the modern scientific advances. Principles of ethics in clinical practice rotate around autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. Euthansia poses a big question. Lack of awareness among patients, doctors and paramedical personnel causes unrelieved pain in cancer and other terminal diseases. Gastro-intestinal symptoms, respiratory symptoms, lymphoedema and complications of cancer and other diseases can be looked carefully to give proper benefit to the patients. Complementary and alternative medicine plays a key role in palliative care and improves the quality of life.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Euthanasia , Hospice Care/methods , Humans , Neoplasms/complications , Pain/etiology , Palliative Care
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